Mente-Cerebro

Autores: Dragioti, E.; Radua, J.; Solmi, M.; et al.

Título: Impact of mental disorders on clinical outcomes of physical diseases: an umbrella review assessing population attributable fraction and generalized impact fraction

Revista: WORLD PSYCHIATRY

ISSN: 1723-8617 Vol.22 N° 1 2023 págs. 86 - 104

Resumen

Empirical evidence indicates a significant bidirectional association between mental disorders and physical diseases, but the prospective impact of men-tal disorders on clinical outcomes of physical diseases has not been comprehensively outlined. In this PRISMA- and COSMOS-E-compliant umbrella review, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, up to March 15, 2022, to identify systematic reviews with meta-analysis that examined the prospective association between any mental disorder and clinical outcomes of physical diseases. Primary outcomes were disease-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were disease-specific incidence, functioning and/or disability, symptom severity, quality of life, recurrence or progression, major cardiac events, and treatment-related outcomes. Additional inclusion criteria were further applied to primary studies. Random effect models were employed, along with I2 statistic, 95% prediction intervals, small-study effects test, excess significance bias test, and risk of bias (ROBIS) assessment. Associations were classified into five credibility classes of evidence (I to IV and non-significant) according to established criteria, complemented by sensitivity and subgroup analyses to examine the robustness of the main analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using a new package for conducting umbrella reviews (https://metaumbrella.org). Population attributable fraction (PAF) and generalized impact fraction (GIF) were then calculated for class I-III associations. Forty-seven systematic reviews with meta-analysis, encompassing 251 non-overlapping primary studies and reporting 74 associations, were included (68% were at low risk of bias at the ROBIS assessment). Altogether, 43 primary outcomes (disease-specific mortality: n=17; all-cause mortality: n=26) and 31 secondary outcomes were investigated. Although 72% of associations were statistically significant (p<0.05), only two showed convincing (class I) evidence: that between depressive disorders and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure (hazard ratio, HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.26-1.65), and that between schizophrenia and cardiovascular mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases (risk ratio, RR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.36-1.75). Six associations showed highly suggestive (class II) evidence: those between depressive disorders and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (HR=2.84, 95% CI: 2.00-4.03) and with kidney failure (HR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.31-1.51); that between depressive disorders and major cardiac events in patients with myocardial infarction (odds ratio, OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.36-1.70); that between depressive disorders and dementia in patients with diabetes mellitus (HR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.77-2.52); that between alcohol use disorder and decompensated liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C (RR=3.15, 95% CI: 2.87-3.46); and that between schizophrenia and cancer mortality in patients with cancer (standardized mean ratio, SMR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.41-2.15). Sensitivity/subgroup analyses confirmed these results. The largest PAFs were 30.56% (95% CI: 27.67-33.49) for alcohol use disorder and decompensated liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C, 26.81% (95% CI: 16.61-37.67) for depressive disorders and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, 13.68% (95% CI: 9.87-17.58) for depressive disorders and major cardiac events in patients with myocardial infarction, 11.99% (95% CI: 8.29-15.84) for schizophrenia and cardiovascular mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and 11.59% (95% CI: 9.09-14.14) for depressive disorders and all-cause mortality in patients with kidney failure. The GIFs confirmed the preventive capacity of these associations. This umbrella review demonstrates that mental disorders increase the risk of a poor clinical outcome in several physical diseases. Prevention targeting mental disorders - particularly alcohol use disorders, depressive disorders, and schizophrenia - can reduce the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in people with physical diseases. These findings can inform clinical practice and trans-speciality preventive approaches cutting across psychiatric and somatic medicine.
Autores: García-Valdecasas Merino, Miguel (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Are Wittgenstein's hinges rational world-pictures? The groundlessness theory reconsidered

Revista: TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY

ISSN: 0167-7411 Vol.42 N° 1 2023 págs. 35 - 45

Resumen

Some philosophers have argued that Wittgenstein's hinges, the centrepiece of his book On Certainty, are the "ungrounded ground" on which knowledge rests. It is usually understood by this that hinges provide a foundation for knowledge without being themselves epistemically warranted. In fact, Wittgenstein articulates that hinges lack any truth-value and are neither justified nor unjustified. This inevitably places them wholly outside the categorial framework of JTB epistemology. What I call the "groundlessness interpretation", inspired by OC 166, understands the fundamental pieces of our cognitive scaffolding this way. The view has been largely successful. I argue that this interpretation is incomplete for two basic reasons: first, it is not based on undisputed evidence; second, by assuming that hinges are committed to reality by epistemic fiat, it looks as if Wittgenstein is asking us to blindly trust them regardless of their actual content. Contrary to this, I argue that Wittgenstein describes hinges as illuminating world-pictures that reflect reality and are answerable to facts in a derivate way. As the book shows, hinges originate in our engagement with reality and, while considered unquestionable, could be challenged, reassessed, and replaced by new ones. This indicates that hinges are both the result of knowledge-acquisition and somewhat continuous with one's set of beliefs. It follows that hinges are ultimately rational, and so, apt instruments to confront scepticism.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Religious symbolism and the experience of life as meaningful: addition, enhancement, or both?

Revista: RELIGIONS

ISSN: 2077-1444 Vol.14 N° 1 2023 págs. 88

Resumen

This paper explores the question of how religious symbolism functions to provide a more meaningful or enriched experience of life. It examines a common and highly influential view, referred to here as the ¿source model¿, for which this function requires the addition to experience of transcendent meanings generated by rituals and other specially adapted kinds of symbolic activity. Using Robert Bellah¿s Religion in Human Evolution and Clifford Geertz¿s ¿Religion as a Cultural System¿ as representative examples, I critique a key premise of the source model, namely that the meaning-making function of religious symbolism evolved in response to a universal experience of life as problematic. I argue that the experience of life as problematic is a product of symbolism, not a precondition. Moreover, with respect to this experience, I propose that symbolism functions not to add meaning but to enhance meanings that are vaguely discerned in everyday life. I close with the suggestion that an enhanced experience of life as problematic is itself a kind of enriched meaning and an important source of the affective power of religious practice.
Autores: Dostalova, A.; Güell Pelayo, Francisco (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Motives of patients crossing borders to pursue assisted reproduction. Why the Czech Republic is a frequent choice for egg donation treatment

Revista: CESKA GYNEKOLOGIE

ISSN: 1210-7832 Vol.87 N° 2 2022 págs. 137 - 143

Resumen

Cross-border reproductive care is undoubtedly a current phenomenon. The number of people interested in receiving reproductive care abroad is increasing every year. This new context needs a political solution that would respond to the definition of standard care within the circumstances of providing healthcare to the citizens of another country. Patients that undergo reproductive treatment abroad very often face complications such as language problems, insufficient information, separation from family members, cultural differences and customs, potential unrealistic expectations, and also restrictions by law. This work is descriptive in nature and aims to illustrate the variables that come into play when choosing the Czech Republic over other destinations as a country to receive infertility treatment. We analyze the phenomenon by selecting documents used as sources of data. In our research, we focused on infertility treatment and justified the reasons why foreign citizens choose the Czech Republic over other destinations for infertility treatment. The variables that lead to the selection of cross-border infertility treatment in the Czech Republic include no waiting time, anonymous donations, international departments in various languages, and affordable prices compared to other destinations.
Autores: Cortese, S.; Gabellone, A.; Marzulli, L.; et al.

Título: Association between autism spectrum disorder and diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Revista: NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

ISSN: 0149-7634 Vol.136 2022 págs. 104592

Resumen

There is mixed evidence on the link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and diabetes. We conducted the first systematic review/meta-analysis on their association. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021261114), we searched Pubmed, Ovid, and Web of Science databases up to 6 December 2021, with no language/type of document restrictions. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We included 24 studies (total: 3427,773 individuals; 237,529 with ASD and 92,832 with diabetes) in the systematic review and 20 in the meta-analysis (mean stars number on the NOS: 5.89/10). There was a significant association, albeit characterized by significant heterogeneity, when pooling unadjusted OR (1.535, 95% CI = 1.109¿2.126), which remained significant when restricting the analysis to children and type 2 diabetes, but became non-significant when considering adjusted ORs (OR: 1.528, 95% CI = 0.954¿2.448). No significant prospective association was found (n = 2) on diabetes predicting ASD (HR: 1.232, 0.826¿11.837). Therefore, the association between ASD and diabetes is likely confounded by demographic and clinical factors that should be systematically investigated in future studies.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: Imaginative culture and the enriched nature of positive experience

Revista: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY

ISSN: 1664-1078 Vol.13 2022 págs. 831118

Resumen

To understand the evolution of imaginative culture, we need to understand its unique affective power. The purpose of this article is to explain our enjoyment of imaginative culture from the standpoint of a distinctive theoretical approach to understanding affect in terms of the dynamic and energetic features of consciousness. This approach builds upon John Dewey¿s view of enjoyment as the enrichment of experience, adding perspectives from studies of the dynamics of consciousness and from ecological psychology. Its main thesis is that positive affect is determined by the causal enrichment of experience, which is defined as the differentiated-ness of conscious states. This approach suggests that the affective power of imaginative culture lies in the way it affords experiences of enriched meaning, as exemplified by our enjoyment of highly nuanced emotion in music.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Facing up to the problem of affect

Revista: JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES

ISSN: 1355-8250 Vol.29 N° 11 - 12 2022 págs. 8 - 28

Resumen

When examined closely, our experience of affect presents a special challenge: it seems that there is no common quality that marks the pleasantness of conscious states and feelings. The implications of this finding have been debated by philosophers and psychologists for more than a century, and yet the peculiar phenomenology of affect is rarely discussed within consciousness studies. The purpose of this article is to call attention to the problem of affect and to examine the most likely reasons for its neglect. These include the assumption that affect is a special quality, the externalist view of affect as an intentional attitude and, perhaps most importantly, the assumption that pleasures and pains can be circumscribed as a special class of feelings. If none of these reasons hold up to scrutiny, facing up to the problem of affect may require that we revise our concept of consciousness.
Autores: Solmi, M.; Estradé, A.; Thompson, T.; et al.

Título: The collaborative outcomes study on health and functioning during infection times in adults (COH-FIT-Adults): Design and methods of an international online survey targeting physical and mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

Revista: JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

ISSN: 0165-0327 Vol.299 2022 págs. 393 - 407

Resumen

Background: . High-quality comprehensive data on short-/long-term physical/mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. Methods: . The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is an international, multi-language (n=30) project involving >230 investigators from 49 countries/territories/regions, endorsed by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT is a multi-wave, on-line anonymous, cross-sectional survey [wave 1: 04/2020 until the end of the pandemic, 12 months waves 2/3 starting 6/24 months threreafter] for adults, adolescents (14-17), and children (6-13), utilizing non-probability/snowball and representative sampling. COH-FIT aims to identify non-modifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to improve social/health outcomes in the general population/vulnerable subgrous during/after COVID-19. In adults, co-primary outcomes are change from pre-COVID-19 to intra-COVID-19 in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Key secondary outcomes are a P-extended score, global mental and physical health. Secondary outcomes include health-service utilization/functioning, treatment adherence, functioning, symptoms/behaviors/emotions, substance use, violence, among others. Results: . Starting 04/26/2020, up to 14/07/2021 >151,000 people from 155 countries/territories/regions and six continents have participated. Representative samples of ¿1,000 adults have been collected in 15 countries. Overall, 43.0% had prior physical disorders, 16.3% had prior mental disorders, 26.5% were health care workers, 8.2% were aged ¿65 years, 19.3% were exposed to someone infected with COVID-19, 76.1% had been in quarantine, and 2.1% had been COVID 19-positive. Limitations: . Cross-sectional survey, preponderance of non-representative participants. Conclusions: . Results from COH-FIT will comprehensively quantify the impact of COVID-19, seeking to identify high-risk groups in need for acute and long-term intervention, and inform evidence-based health policies/strategies during this/future pandemics.
Autores: García-Valdecasas Merino, Miguel

Título: On the naturalisation of teleology: self-organisation, autopoiesis and teleodynamics

Revista: ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

ISSN: 1059-7123 Vol.30 N° 2 2022 págs. 103 - 117

Resumen

In recent decades, several theories have claimed to explain the teleological causality of organisms as a function of self-organising and self-producing processes. The most widely cited theories of this sort are variations of autopoiesis, originally introduced by Maturana and Varela. More recent modifications of autopoietic theory have focused on system organisation, closure of constraints and autonomy to account for organism teleology. This article argues that the treatment of teleology in autopoiesis and other organisation theories is inconclusive for three reasons: First, non-living self-organising processes like autocatalysis meet the defining features of autopoiesis without being teleological; second, organisational approaches, whether defined in terms of the closure of constraints, self-determination or autonomy, are unable to specify teleological normativity, that is, the individuation of an ultimate beneficiary; third, all self-organised systems produce local order by maximising the throughput of energy and/or material (obeying the maximum entropy production (MEP) principle) and thereby are specifically organised to undermine their own critical boundary conditions. Despite these inadequacies, an alternative approach called teleodynamics accounts for teleology. This theory shows how multiple self-organising processes can be collectively linked so that they counter each other's MEP principle tendencies to become codependent. Teleodynamics embraces - not ignoring - the difficulties of self-organisation, but reinstates teleology as a radical phase transition distinguishing systems embodying an orientation towards their own beneficial ends from those that lack normative character.
Autores: Solmi, M.; Estradé, A.; Thompson, T.; et al.

Título: Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times - Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A)

Revista: JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

ISSN: 0165-0327 Vol.299 2022 págs. 367 - 376

Resumen

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has altered daily routines and family functioning, led to closing schools, and dramatically limited social interactions worldwide. Measuring its impact on mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents is crucial. Methods The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT ¿ www.coh-fit.com) is an on-line anonymous survey, available in 30 languages, involving >230 investigators from 49 countries supported by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT has thee waves (until the pandemic is declared over by the WHO, and 6¿18 months plus 24¿36 months after its end). In addition to adults, COH-FIT also includes adolescents (age 14¿17 years), and children (age 6¿13 years), recruited via non-probability/snowball and representative sampling and assessed via self-rating and parental rating. Non-modifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to promote health and prevent mental and physical illness in children and adolescents will be generated by COH-FIT. Co-primary outcomes are changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Multiple behavioral, family, coping strategy and service utilization factors are also assessed, including functioning and quality of life. Results Up to June 2021, over 13,000 children and adolescents from 59 countries have participated in the COH-FIT project, with representative samples from eleven countries. Limitations Cross-sectional and anonymous design. Conclusions Evidence generated by COH-FIT will provide an international estimate of the COVID-19 effect on children's, adolescents¿ and families¿, mental and physical health, well-being, functioning and quality of life, informing the formulation of present and future evidence-based interventions and policies to minimize adverse effects of the present and future pandemics on youth.
Autores: Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo (Autor de correspondencia); Solmi, M.; Dragioti, E.; et al.

Título: Associations between mental and physical conditions in children and adolescents: an umbrella review

Revista: NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

ISSN: 0149-7634 Vol.137 2022 págs. 104662

Resumen

We mapped the evidence on the type and strength of associations between a broad range of mental and physical conditions in children and adolescents, by carrying out an umbrella review, i.e., a quantitative synthesis of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We also assessed to which extent the links between mental and physical conditions vary across disorders or, by contrast, are transdiagnostic. Based on a pre-established protocol, we retained 45 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, encompassing around 12.5 million of participants. In analyses limited to the most rigorous estimates, we found evidence for the following associations: ADHD-asthma, ADHD-obesity, and depression-asthma. A transdiagnostic association was confirmed between asthma and anxiety/ASD/depression/bipolar disorder, between obesity and ADHD/ASD/depression, and between dermatitis and ASD/ADHD. We conclude that obesity and allergic conditions are likely to be associated with mental disorders in children and adolescents. Our results can help clinicians explore potential links between mental and physical conditions in children/adolescent and provide a road map for future studies aimed at shading light on the underlying factors.
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: La dualidad jerárquica entre persona y esencia según la antropología trascendental, ¿permite una actividad exclusivamente trascendental?

Revista: MISCELANEA POLIANA

ISSN: 1699-2849 Vol.71 2022 págs. 3 - 18
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: Markov blankets as boundary conditions: Sweeping dirt under the rug still cleans house

Revista: BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES

ISSN: 0140-525X Vol.45 2022 págs. E207

Resumen

Bruineberg et al. underestimate the ontological weight of Markov blankets as actual boundaries of systems and lean toward an instrumentalist understanding thereof. Yet Markov blankets need not be deemed mere tools. Determining their reality depends on the fundamental problem of distinguishing between system and environment in physics, which, in turn, demands a metaphysical bedrock backed by a realist stance on science.
Autores: Camina Paniagua, Eduardo; Güell Pelayo, Francisco; Sepulcre Bernad, Jorge; et al.

Título: Hubs of belief networks across sociodemographic and ideological groups

Revista: SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND MINING

ISSN: 1869-5469 Vol.12 N° 1 2022 págs. 125

Resumen

Beliefs are essential components of the human mind, as they define personal identity, integration and adaptation to social groups. Most theoretical studies suggest that beliefs are organized as structured networks: the so-called belief system. According to these studies and their empirical implementation using graph-theoretical approaches, a belief is any proposition considered as true by the respondent. In a recent contribution, we introduced a novel operationalization: a proposition is a belief if (1) it is taken to be true; and (2) the subject declares to be willing to hold it even if irrefutable evidence were hypothetically argued against it. Here, we implement this operationalization using a graph theory approach to investigate the network organization of the belief system in a sample of 108 participants, as well as the differences between key ideological (left- vs. right-wingers) and sociodemographic features (younger vs. older, female vs. male). We identified a well-coordinated network of interlocked spiritual, prosocial and nature-related beliefs, which displays a dense core of 10 hub nodes. Moreover, we observed how specific social liberalist beliefs and transcendental or individualistic/prosocial viewpoints are articulated within left- and right-wingers networks or younger and older participants. Interestingly, we observed that females tend to engage in denser belief networks than male respondents. In conclusion, our research expands tangible scientific evidence of the belief system of humans through the network study of belief reports, which in turn opens innovative ways to study belief systems in social and clinical samples.
Autores: Mulraney, M. (Autor de correspondencia); Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo; Musullulu, Hande; et al.

Título: Systematic review and meta-analysis: screening tools for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents

Revista: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY

ISSN: 0890-8567 Vol.61 N° 8 2022 págs. 982 - 996

Resumen

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (1) determine the accuracies of a broad range of screening tools for ADHD in children and adolescents and (2) compare the diagnostic accuracy of tools between population-based and clinical/high-risk samples, and across reporters. Method MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and PubMed were searched up until February 20th, 2020 with no language restrictions. Studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of a screening tool against a diagnosis of ADHD in children <18 years were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analyses were undertaken to provide pooled estimates of the area under the curve (AUC), and sensitivity and specificity of groups of measures. Results Seventy-five studies published between 1985 and 2021 reporting on 41 screening tools that were grouped into four categories (ASEBA, DSM-IV symptom scales, SDQ, and Other Scales) were retained. The pooled AUC for studies using a combined ADHD symptoms score was 0.82 (95% CI 0.78-0.86), although this varied considerably across reporters (0.67-0.92) and populations (0.60-0.95). None of the measures met minimal standards for acceptable sensitivity (0.8) and specificity (0.8). Conclusion Most tools have excellent overall diagnostic accuracy as indicated by the AUC. However, a single measure, completed by a single reporter is unlikely to have sufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical use or population screening.
Autores: López-Toribio, M.; Melovska, J.; Dimitrievska, V.; et al.

Título: Assisted Reproductive Technology: gaps in young adults perceptions and information from clinics

Revista: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

ISSN: 1101-1262 Vol.32 N° Suppl. 3 2022 págs. ckac129.588

Resumen

A multi-country qualitative study was conducted in Albania, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Switzerland within the H2020 B2-INF project (Grant Agreement 872706). In 2021, 10-15 semi-structured interviews were conducted in each country with participants aged 18-30, childless and non-ART users. Additionally, 3-5 clinics¿ websites in each country were explored. Data was collected in native languages and translated into English. A thematic analysis was carried out. Gaps in citizens¿ expectations and needs and the information provided by ART clinics were identified. Awareness campaigns are needed to diminish social taboo on infertility and ART and to promote reproductive health.
Autores: López-Toribio, M.; Ramón-Soria, J. A.; García-Navas, A. M.; et al.

Título: B2-INF: Giving voice to citizens towards improving assisted reproduction technologies for society. Gaps between young people's perceptions and the information offered by ART providers

Revista: HUMAN REPRODUCTION

ISSN: 0268-1161 Vol.37 N° 1 2022 págs. deac105.115

Resumen

This is the first systematic multinational study that compare young people¿s perceptions about ART and information provided by ART clinics. Although this is a preliminary analysis, the results will be used to develop national guidelines to inform policies on ART services with potential impact on European citizens and ART providers.
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: [Reseña] BOSCH, MAGDALENA (ED.), Desire and Human Flourishing. Perspectives from Positive Psychology, Moral Education and Virtue Ethics, Springer, Cham, 2020, 451 pp.

Revista: ANUARIO FILOSOFICO

ISSN: 0066-5215 Vol.54 N° 3 2021 págs. 627 - 630
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: [Reseña] Before consciousness: in search of the fundamentals of mind / Zdravko Radman (ed.). Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2017, 330 páginas.

Revista: PENSAMIENTO

ISSN: 0031-4749 Vol.77 N° 295 2021 págs. 597 - 601
Autores: Cortese, S. (Autor de correspondencia); Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo; Correll, C. U.; et al.

Título: Beyond the p factor: Is there a d factor?

Revista: JCPP ADVANCES

ISSN: 2692-9384 Vol.1 N° 4 2021 págs. e12051
Autores: Zarraluqui López, Silvia; Martínez Villar, Martín; Pastor, María A.

Título: Development and validation of a questionnaire in spanish for evaluating facebook use

Revista: CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY

ISSN: 1046-1310 Vol.40 N° 5 2021 págs. 2453 - 2461

Resumen

This study presents a short and valid questionnaire for evaluating Facebook usage by the Spanish-speaking population. In order to achieve this aim, the Facebook scales developed by Ellison and collaborators (i.e., Facebook Intensity, Actual Friends, Connection Strategies, and Relationship Maintenance Behavior) were translated into Spanish and then grouped into a 31-item questionnaire: the Spanish Facebook Battery (SFB). Subsequently, the reliability and construct validity of the SFB was tested once administered to a sample of Spanish speakers (N=433) by means of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with iterated principal axis factoring and Promax rotation methods. The SFB showed high internal (¿=.89) and acceptable retest (¿=.65) reliability whereas the EFA indicated the retention of five dimensions that explained 89% of the total variance in this sample data. A main dimension related to Facebook Intensity was found to account for almost half of the total variance, whereas the other four dimensions were found to be associated with Online Connection Strategies, Relationship Maintenance Behaviors, Maintaining Connection Strategies, and Offline Connection Strategies. Therefore, the factor analysis returned a dimensional structure of the SFB that differed slightly from the original scales composition, stressing the difference between online and offline connection strategies in this population sample. In summary, this article proposes a short and valid tool which could be useful for assessing Facebook usage among Spanish-speakers. https://rdcu.be/bnCtQ
Autores: Ostiz Blanco, Mikel; Bernácer María, Javier; García-Arbizu, I.; et al.

Título: Improving Reading Through Videogames and Digital Apps: A Systematic Review

Revista: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY

ISSN: 1664-1078 Vol.12 2021 págs. 652948

Resumen

Background: The use of electronic interventions to improve reading is becoming a common resource. This systematic review aims to describe the main characteristics of randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that have used these tools to improve first-language reading, in order to highlight the features of the most reliable studies and guide future research. Methods: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered before starting the process (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N). Searches in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and an institutional reference aggregator (Unika) yielded 6,230 candidate articles. After duplicate removal, screening, and compliance of eligibility criteria, 55 studies were finally included. Results: They were research studies on improving first-language reading, both in children and adults, and including a control group. Thirty-three different electronic tools were employed, most of them in English, and studies were very diverse in sample size, length of intervention, and control tasks. Risk of bias was analyzed with the PEDro scale, and all studies had a medium or low risk. However, risk of bias due to conflicts of interest could not be evaluated in most studies, since they did not include a statement on this issue. Conclusion: Future research on this topic should include randomized intervention and control groups, with sample sizes over 65 per group, interventions longer than 15 h, and a proper disclosure.
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier (Autor de correspondencia); García Manglano, Javier; Camina Paniagua, Eduardo; et al.

Título: Polarization of beliefs as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Spain

Revista: PLOS ONE

ISSN: 1932-6203 Vol.16 N° 7 2021 págs. e0254511

Resumen

Spain was, together with Italy, the first European country severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. After one month of strict lockdown and eight weeks of partial restrictions, Spanish residents are expected to have revised some of their beliefs. We conducted a survey one year before the pandemic, at its outbreak and during de-escalation (N = 1706). Despite the lockdown, most respondents tolerated being controlled by authorities, and acknowledged the importance of group necessities over individual rights. However, de-escalation resulted in a belief change towards the intrusiveness of authorities and the preeminence of individual rights. Besides, transcendental beliefs-God answering prayers and the existence of an afterlife-declined after the outbreak, but were strengthened in the de-escalation. Results were strongly influenced by political ideology: the proportion of left-sided voters who saw authorities as intrusive greatly decreased, and transcendental beliefs prevailed among right-sided voters. Our results point to a polarization of beliefs based on political ideology as a consequence of the pandemic.
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Virtue, habit and neuroscience

Revista: PENSAMIENTO

ISSN: 0031-4749 Vol.77 N° 295 2021 págs. 501 - 510

Resumen

Neuroscience has much to offer to our understanding of human action, including its ethical dimensions. However, while neuroscience has been applied to questions of personal identity, emotion and moral decision-making, its implications for the classical notion of virtue have hardly been considered. This likely has much to do with the way in which the classical notion of virtue, together with closely related concepts of nature and habit, has been forgotten or distorted within the context of modern thought. As a consequence, the standard neuroscientific concept of habit as automatic and routine behavior is fundamentally opposed to teleological activity and thus cannot be reconciled with the classical concept of habit that is essential to virtue. The recovery of the classical notion of virtue in contemporary philosophy invites us to rethink the neuroscientific concept of habit in light of a different view of human behavior for which plasticity is not just indeterminacy but rather openness to freedom and growth.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: How does pleasure relate to the rest of experience? A pragmatist response to Glucklich

Revista: RELIGION, BRAIN & BEHAVIOR

ISSN: 2153-599X Vol.11 N° 2 2021 págs. 180 - 185
Autores: Gaitán Mantaras, Leandro Martín

Título: The commodification of personality: human enhancement and market society

Revista: HUMAN AFFAIRS

ISSN: 1210-3055 Vol.31 N° 1 2021 págs. 40 - 45

Resumen

In a future highly technological society it will be possible to modify the personality using different kinds of technological tools. Consequently, we could become buyers and consumers of personality. As such, personality, which is a core aspect of the self, could turn into a commodity. This article intends to address the following questions: 1) How can new technologies modify personality? 2) Why might personality become a commodity? 3) What is wrong with turning personality into commodity?
Autores: Correll, C.; Cortese, S.; Croatto, G.; et al.

Título: Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain stimulation interventions in children and adolescents with mental disorders: an umbrella review

Revista: WORLD PSYCHIATRY

ISSN: 1723-8617 Vol.20 N° 2 2021 págs. 244 - 275

Resumen

Top-tier evidence on the safety/tolerability of 80 medications in children/adolescents with mental disorders has recently been reviewed in this jour-nal. To guide clinical practice, such data must be combined with evidence on efficacy and acceptability. Besides medications, psychosocial inter-ventions and brain stimulation techniques are treatment options for children/adolescents with mental disorders. For this umbrella review, we systematically searched network meta-analyses (NMAs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating 48 medications, 20 psychosocial interventions, and four brain stimulation techniques in children/adolescents with 52 different mental disorders or groups of mental disorders, reporting on 20 different efficacy/acceptability outcomes. Co-primary outcomes were disease-specific symptom reduction and all-cause discontinuation ("acceptability"). We included 14 NMAs and 90 MAs, reporting on 15 mental disorders or groups of mental disorders. Overall, 21 medications outperformed placebo regarding the co-primary outcomes, and three psychosocial interventions did so (while seven outperformed waiting list/no treatment). Based on the meta-analytic evidence, the most convincing efficacy profile emerged for amphetamines, methylphenidate and, to a smaller extent, behavioral therapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; aripiprazole, risperidone and several psychosocial interventions in autism; risperidone and behavioral interventions in disruptive behavior disorders; several antipsychotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders; fluoxetine, the combination of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and interpersonal therapy in depression; aripiprazole in mania; fluoxetine and group CBT in anxiety disorders; fluoxetine/selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, CBT, and behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder; CBT in post-traumatic stress disorder; imipramine and alarm behavioral intervention in enuresis; behavioral therapy in encopresis; and family therapy in anorexia nervosa. Results from this umbrella review of interventions for mental disorders in children/adolescents provide evidence-based information for clinical decision making.
Autores: Navarro-Rubio Coello-Portugal, Sonsoles; Güell Pelayo, Francisco (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: The principle of "damage exclusion" as a benchmark in Catholic discussions of homologous artificial insemination

Revista: JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH

ISSN: 0022-4197 Vol.60 N° 1 2021 págs. 268 - 281

Resumen

The Catholic perspective rejects assisted human reproduction techniques, but the morality of artificial insemination (AI) is open for discussion. This article aims to analyze the morality of AI from a new angle, namely whether these interventions exclude all possibility of damaging the human embryo and the offspring's health. The scientific evidence about the children's health who are born through AI allows us to affirm that the procedures do not comply with the principle of damage exclusion: AI does not exclude all possibility of damaging the embryo and impacting the health and exposure to disease of the offspring born through these techniques.
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: The Free Energy Principle: Good Science and Questionable Philosophy in a Grand Unifying Theory

Revista: ENTROPY

ISSN: 1099-4300 Vol.23 N° 2 2021 págs. 238

Resumen

The Free Energy Principle (FEP) is currently one of the most promising frameworks with which to address a unified explanation of life-related phenomena. With powerful formalism that embeds a small set of assumptions, it purports to deal with complex adaptive dynamics ranging from barely unicellular organisms to complex cultural manifestations. The FEP has received increased attention in disciplines that study life, including some critique regarding its overall explanatory power and its true potential as a grand unifying theory (GUT). Recently, FEP theorists presented a contribution with the main tenets of their framework, together with possible philosophical interpretations, which lean towards so-called Markovian Monism (MM). The present paper assumes some of the abovementioned critiques, rejects the arguments advanced to invalidate the FEP's potential to be a GUT, and overcomes criticism thereof by reviewing FEP theorists' newly minted metaphysical commitment, namely MM. Specifically, it shows that this philosophical interpretation of the FEP argues circularly and only delivers what it initially assumes, i.e., a dual information geometry that allegedly explains epistemic access to the world based on prior dual assumptions. The origin of this circularity can be traced back to a physical description contingent on relative system-environment separation. However, the FEP itself is not committed to MM, and as a scientific theory it delivers more than what it assumes, serving as a
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo (Autor de correspondencia); Vargas Pérez, Alberto Ignacio

Título: Gift game metatheory: Social interaction and interpersonal growth

Revista: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY

ISSN: 1664-1078 Vol.12 2021 págs. 687617

Resumen

This paper analyzes Game Theory (GT) from the point of view of moral psychology and makes explicit some of its assumptions regarding the human person as a moral agent, as well as the ends of human action, and reciprocity. Using a largely philosophical methodology, we will argue that GT assumes an instrumental form of rationality underpinned by a logic of self-interest, hence placing individuals, communities, and their social practices in service of external goods and their maximization. Because of this, GT is not adequate to describe the entirety of human social existence and interaction. Nevertheless, by revealing these assumptions, GT can be amplified with another form of rationality based on realist ethics and a personalist anthropology reinforced by the logic of gift. This rationality values the singularity of each person as a holistic unity, as the center of the social realm and as an end in herself called to growth and flourishing with others, nurturing the human community through giving and receiving. We will thus provide a wider philosophical framework for GT with a series of non-mathematical axioms of what can be called a Game Metatheory (GMt). These axioms refer to society as a complex system, not to particular interactions. GMt axioms are not a model of social games, but rather an axiomatic description of social life as a game, revealing its systematic character, complexity, and possible deterioration.
Autores: Gaitán Mantaras, Leandro Martín (Autor de correspondencia); Sáez Castresana, Javier

Título: Is an integrative model of neurotheology possible?

Revista: RELIGIONS

ISSN: 2077-1444 Vol.12 N° 4 2021 págs. rel12040277

Resumen

This article examines the basic and dialogical models of neurotheology and suggests a third model based on the work of Aldous Huxley. In other words, this proposal is not limited to understanding this discipline as a mere pursuit of neural correlates or as a dialogue between neuroscience and theology. Instead, it is the search for an integrative understanding of religious experiences in which the study of neuronal correlates is only one of the multilevels to be integrated within the framework of a plural and conveniently articulated explanation of such phenomena. This model, which we call integrative neurotheology, hopes to achieve knowledge of religious experiences that includes a comprehensive range of disciplines. In order to update and give argumentative consistency to this model, we will use philosopher Sandra D. Mitchell¿s theory of integrative pluralism, which is a more epistemologically refined expression of Huxley¿s intuitions. We conclude that a comprehensive model is feasible although we are aware that this article cannot give answers to all the difficulties that this model possesses. Nevertheless, we expect to open up a new pathway in the studies of religious experience.
Autores: Camina Paniagua, Eduardo; Bernácer María, Javier (Autor de correspondencia); Güell Pelayo, Francisco

Título: Belief operationalization for empirical research in psychological sciences

Revista: FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE

ISSN: 1572-8471 Vol.26 2021 págs. 325 - 340

Resumen

The most common definition of belief is taken from analytical philosophy, which understands it as a proposition that is considered as true. Such a broad definition is ambiguous for some fields of empirical research, like psychology, which deals with the mental state of the believer when holding the belief. This article aims to reach an operationalization of beliefs to pinpoint their distinctive features with respect to similar concepts (knowledge, opinion, preference, perception or prediction, for instance). We summarize the most influential interpretations of belief in psychology and psychiatry, which are mainly based on Immanuel Kant and analytical philosophy. We also expose the problem that arises from putting the mental states of beliefs, knowledge, opinions and preferences in the same bag. Our proposal is that a belief is: (1) a proposition that is taken to be true; and (2) which the subject is willing to hold even if irrefutable evidence were hypothetically argued against it. We introduce a narrower interpretation to reliably discriminate the mental state of believing, which is intended to be applied to empirical psychology, neuroscience, behavioral economics, sociology and related sciences.
Autores: Gaitán Mantaras, Leandro Martín

Título: Naturaleza humana y derechos posthumanos: ¿por qué tiene razón Francis Fukuyama?

Revista: HUMANIDADES

ISSN: 1510-5024 N° 10 2021 págs. 201 - 220

Resumen

El propósito del artículo es justificar la crítica de Francis Fukuyama a la concepción bioliberal del ser humano y a su propuesta de modificarlo (mejorarlo) tecnológicamente para convertirlo en un posthumano (con las consecuencias que ello acarrea, especialmente en lo concerniente a la posible convivencia entre humanos y posthumanos). Fukuyama fue, en efecto, una de las primeras y más resonantes voces que se pronunció en contra de la utopía bioliberal. Eso le convirtió en blanco de numerosas críticas. El presente trabajo se enfoca en los dos argumentos que, a mi juicio, mejor sintetizan la diversidad de objeciones lanzadas contra Fukuyama, e intenta demostrar que ninguno de ellos logra desmontar su crítica. Consiguientemente, sugiere que las tesis de Fukuyama sobre el tema continúan vigentes (al menos en sus postulados fundamentales) y que ameritan ulteriores análisis y desarrollos.
Autores: Navarro-Rubio Coello-Portugal, Sonsoles; Güell Pelayo, Francisco (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Understanding the correlation between artificial insemination and offspring's health outcomes

Revista: BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH

ISSN: 2472-1727 Vol.112 N° 1 2020 págs. 7 - 18

Resumen

Although numerous articles have shown intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization to be correlated with increased risk of disease, a few works have been published on the risks associated with artificial insemination. Meanwhile, questions about the possible causes underlying these correlations have remained in the background. The main objective of this work is not to review the risks associated with artificial insemination, but rather to describe how developmental processes may be affected by these techniques. Thus, we offer a theoretical framework for understanding the possible causes that underlie the correlation between low-complexity or milder techniques and offspring health outcomes.
Autores: Catherine, L. ; Bernácer María, Javier (Autor de correspondencia); Güell Pelayo, Francisco

Título: Four pillars of the Montessori method and their support by current neuroscience

Revista: MIND BRAIN EDUC

ISSN: 1751-2271 Vol.14 N° 4 2020 págs. 322 - 334

Resumen

Maria Montessori developed an educational program during the first half of the 20th century. Nowadays, the Montessori method (MM) is considered one of the main alternatives to teacher¿paced conventional preschool education. This review aims to open a dialogue between the MM and current understanding of neurodevelopment. Four conceptual pillars of the MM¿the sensitive periods, the education of the senses, the prepared environment, and spontaneous activities through repetition¿are discussed. According to the MM, the teacher provides children with an environment that, leaning on maturational time windows, should promote sensory development through spontaneous repetition. We describe brain changes in 3¿ to 6¿year¿old children due to development and externally¿provided experience. Then, it is discussed whether these pillars are supported by neuroscience. Finally, the influences of Montessori are explained, and we suggest possible lines of research to underpin the neuroscientific grounds of the MM
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: The Aims of Intensity and Agreement: A Response to Robert C. Neville's Metaphysics of Goodness

Revista: PLURALIST

ISSN: 1930-7365 Vol.15 N° 3 2020 págs. 8 - 17
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Dissipative systems and living bodies

Revista: ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

ISSN: 1059-7123 Vol.28 N° 1 2020 págs. 47 - 48

Resumen

I agree with Villalobos and Razeto-Barry's main argument that living beings are autopoietic bodies. I suggest, however, that if we apply this definition of life to a consideration of living beings as dissipative systems, we find opportunities for further refinement. I propose that living bodies are autopoietic bodies that maintain themselves by using their boundaries to control their constituent processes of dissipative adaptation.
Autores: Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Cognitive ability, traumatic brain injury and dementia: the opportunities of register-based studies

Revista: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

ISSN: 1468-1331 Vol.27 N° 2 2020 págs. 213 - 214
Autores: Aznárez Sanado, Maite (Autor de correspondencia); Artuch Garde, Raquel; Carrica Ochoa, Sarah; et al.

Título: Lifetime Mental Health Problems in Adult Lower Secondary Education: A Student Survey

Revista: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY

ISSN: 1664-1078 Vol.11 2020

Resumen

Background/objective: Adult Lower Secondary Education is an education program for basic qualifications for the labor market. Our study aimed to compare lifetime mental health problems between current Adult Lower Secondary Education students and higher Vocational Education students, as the former constitutes a highly distinct and understudied group. Methods: Findings were based on a cross-sectional self-report survey. Lifetime relative odds of occurrence of mental disorders [i.e., psychiatric disorders typically diagnosed in adults, learning difficulties or deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] were compared between Adult Lower Secondary Education students (n = 134) and Vocational Education students (n = 149). Results: While the frequency of mental health problems was high in both groups, psychiatric disorders typically diagnosed in adults were more common in Adult Lower Secondary Education students than among other students. Vocational Education students reported higher rates of ADHD. Conclusion: There is a need for additional psychological resources for Adult Lower Secondary Education students, an educational level that is the last path for many to acquire a basic degree.
Autores: L'Ecuyer, C. (Autor de correspondencia); Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Montessori's teleological approach to education and its implications

Revista: REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PEDAGOGIA

ISSN: 0034-9461 Vol.78 N° 277 2020 págs. 499 - 517

Resumen

Teleology is a fundamental aspect of Montessori education. Understanding its implications helps us appreciate Montessori's deep affinity with Aristotelian thought and how her pedagogy differs from the New Education movement inspired by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The teleological approach has several implications in education: for example, when it comes to understanding concepts such as meaningful learning, active learning, learning stimuli, and progress. To understand the teleological approach in the Montessori method, this article discusses some of its fundamental pillars, such as the prepared environment, control of error, the absorbent mind, sustained attention, the development of personality, purposeful repetition, perfective activity, the joy of learning and the rational nature's inclination towards its end. According to Montessori, human activity is naturally oriented towards an end and is ordered by reason. The end of education is the child himself since education consists in perfecting the agent, bringing his potential into action. The child's eagerness to develop his personality occurs through the spontaneous activity of his absorbent mind and through purposeful repetition, which generates positive habits. The absorbent character of his mind urges him to know, absorbing his surrounding environment. Hence, the prepared environment and control of error are crucial. Perfective activity, performed with the right and strictly necessary amount of stimuli, helps the child find rest in meaningful voluntary activities done without obstacles. The resulting pleasure should not be understood as a mere experience; it should rather be seen in relation to a natural activity directed towards its end.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: On the nature and origins of cognition as a form of motivated activity

Revista: ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

ISSN: 1059-7123 Vol.28 N° 2 2020 págs. 89 - 103

Resumen

A fundamental challenge for enactive theory and other radical varieties of non-representational ¿E cognition¿ is to reconceive the end-directed character of cognitive activity in naturally emergent but also experientially adequate terms. In short, it is necessary to show how cognitive activity is motivated. In this article, I present a preliminary analysis of the nature of motivation and the challenge that it presents to cognitive science. I make the case that a theory of motivation is a critical desideratum for dynamical theories of cognition, especially insofar as they understand cognition as a self-organized and ¿soft assembled¿ process. Finally, I propose that a branch of ecological psychology that conceives of cognition as a special variety of ¿dissipative adaptation¿ offers a promising framework for confronting this challenge.
Autores: Wilkinson, J.; Navarro-Rubio Coello-Portugal, Sonsoles; Huang, J. N.; et al.

Título: Child health outcomes following fertility treatment and patient characteristics: discrepancies, limitations and prudence

Revista: CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION

ISSN: 0300-7995 Vol.36 N° 12 2020 págs. 2053 - 2054

Resumen

We argue that increased risk for a variety of diseases in ART children has been consistently reaffirmed by different methods and in diverse populations, providing a methodological critique of recent sibling studies, which hold great potential for studying the risks of ART. A recent within-family analysis using a national population register holds a distinct size advantage over previous studies, and suggested that apparent risks to offspring may be attributable to birth order. However, limitations of the design may have resulted in an erroneous conclusion. We discuss the advantages of a frequently neglected sibling study design, which compares siblings born of surrogate motherhood. While uncertainty remains, the evidence points to elevated risk for ART offspring. It may therefore be prudent to call for an extension of preventive and precautionary decisions to the entire population, and to change informed consent to incorporate the long-term health consequences of fertility treatments.
Autores: Ostiz Blanco, Mikel

Título: ¿Es realmente accesorio el cuerpo? Cuestiones por resolver acerca del mind uploading

Revista: NATURALEZA Y LIBERTAD

ISSN: 2254-9668 Vol.14 2020 págs. 163 - 184

Resumen

El mind uploading es el acto de transferir una mente de su sustrato original (el cuerpo biológico de la persona) a otro sustrato, que puede ser también biológico, o bien robótico o incluso digital. Esta propuesta se enmarca en el movimiento transhumanista y tiene como objetivo último la inmortalidad personal más allá de la duración temporal del cuerpo biológico. La tesis de este artículo es que el mind uploading es una propuesta que se presenta principalmente como tecnológica, pero que, en realidad, tiene implicaciones a muchos otros niveles: antropológico, cultural, político, etc., por lo que requiere una reflexión más profunda. Por ello, se analizan en este artículo dos dimensiones del mind-uploading: su posibilidad real de realización y su deseabilidad, sin pretender tanto dar respuestas finales como suscitar preguntas que se dan muchas veces por descontadas.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: Extremal properties and self-preserving behavior

Revista: ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

ISSN: 1059-7123 Vol.28 N° 2 2020 págs. 113 - 118

Resumen

In this reply to the commentaries of Lyon and Swenson, I clarify the arguments of my article, ¿On the nature and origins of cognition as a form of motivated activity.¿ In particular, I focus on the nature of self-preserving behavior, considered not only as a basic and universal form of cognitive behavior but also as a key example of cognition as form of motivated activity. I clarify that my approach affirms the importance of self-preserving behavior but questions the widespread assumption that this and other varieties of motivated behavior can be explained as the product of homeostatic mechanisms. I suggest that extremal properties can not only do a better job of explaining homeostasis-like behaviors, but they can also be extended to other kinds of motivated behavior that are not homeostasis-like. Finally, I emphasize the explanatory promise of extremal properties with respect to fundamental questions about the emergence of order in living and nonliving systems.
Autores: Knolle, F.; Garofalo, S. ; Viviani, R.; et al.

Título: Altered subcortical emotional salience processing differentiates Parkinson¿s patients with and without psychotic symptoms

Revista: NEUROIMAGE. CLINICAL

ISSN: 2213-1582 Vol.27 2020 págs. 102277

Resumen

Objective Current research does not provide a clear explanation for why some patients with Parkinson¿s Disease (PD) develop psychotic symptoms. The `aberrant salience hypothesis¿ of psychosis has been influential and proposes that dopaminergic dysregulation leads to inappropriate attribution of salience to irrelevant/non-informative stimuli, facilitating the formation of hallucinations and delusions. The aim of this study is to investigate whether non-motivational salience is altered in PD patients and possibly linked to the development of psychotic symptoms. Methods We investigated salience processing in 14 PD patients with psychotic symptoms, 23 PD patients without psychotic symptoms and 19 healthy controls. All patients were on dopaminergic medication for their PD. We examined emotional salience using a visual oddball fMRI paradigm that has been used to investigate early stages of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, controlling for resting cerebral blood flow as assessed with arterial spin labelling fMRI. Results We found significant differences between patient groups in brain responses to emotional salience. PD patients with psychotic symptoms had enhanced brain responses in the striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, hippocampus and amygdala compared to patients without psychotic symptoms. PD patients with psychotic symptoms showed significant correlations between the levels of dopaminergic drugs they were taking and BOLD signalling, as well as psychotic symptom scores. Conclusion Our study suggests that enhanced signalling in the striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, the hippocampus and amygdala is associated with the development of psychotic symptoms in PD, in line with that proposed in the `aberrant salience hypothesis¿ of psychosis in schizophrenia.
Autores: Cortese, S; Solmi, M.; Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo; et al.

Título: Association between mental disorders and somatic conditions: protocol for an umbrella review

Revista: EVIDENCE - BASED MENTAL HEALTH

ISSN: 1362-0347 Vol.23 N° 4 2020 págs. 135 - 139

Resumen

Introduction Although several systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) on the association between specific mental disorders and specific somatic conditions are available, an overarching evidence synthesis across mental disorders and somatic conditions is currently lacking. We will conduct an umbrella review of SRs/MAs to test: 1) the strength of the association between individual mental disorders and individual somatic conditions in children/adolescents and adults; 2) to which extent associations are specific to individual mental and somatic conditions . Methods and analysis We will search a broad set of electronic databases and contact study authors. We will include SRs with MA or SRs reporting the effect size from individual studies on the association between a number of somatic and mental conditions (as per the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision). We will follow an algorithm to select only one SR or MA when more than one are available on the same association. We will rate the quality of included SRs/MAs using the AMSTAR-2 tool. We will assess to which extent mental disorders are selectively associated with specific somatic conditions or if there are transdiagnostic, across-spectra or diagnostic spectrum-specific associations between mental disorders and somatic conditions based on the Transparent, Reporting, Appraising, Numerating, Showing (TRANSD) recommendations. Discussion The present umbrella review will shed light on the association between mental health disorders and somatic conditions, providing useful data for the care of patients with mental health disorders, in particular for early detection and intervention. This work might also add insight to the pathophysiology of mental health conditions, and contribute to the current debate on the value of a transdiagnostic approach in psychiatry.
Autores: Reparaz Abaitua, Charo; Aznárez Sanado, Maite (Autor de correspondencia); Mendoza, G.

Título: Self-regulation of learning and MOOC retention

Revista: COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR

ISSN: 0747-5632 Vol.111 2020

Resumen

Background: Due to MOOC high attrition rates, this study aims to assess differences in self-regulated learning strategies and other variables related to MOOC retention (perceived effectiveness, MOOC interaction, motivation and socio-demographic characteristics) between course completers and non-completers. This work also aims to translate into Spanish and validate an instrument for the assessment of self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviours in MOOCs. Materials and methods: 582 participants answered the translated SRL questionnaire and other questions related to MOOC retention. The comparison between MOOC completers and non-completers was carried out in a subgroup of 176 undergraduate students. Results: Completer students were more capable of self-regulating their learning and showed significantly higher levels of perceived effectiveness and of engagement with MOOC contents than non-completers. In addition,a logistic regression analysis indicated that the variables with greatest predictive value to discriminate between completers and non-completers were goal-setting, task interest and the academic discipline of studies of MOOC participants. The percentage of cases correctly predicted by the model was over 84%. The Spanish version of the instrument replicated the original factor structure of the SRL questionnaire and showed high internal consistency (alpha = 0.948).
Autores: Musullulu, H.; Bernácer María, Javier; Murillo, J.; et al.

Título: Habit formation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): protocol for a scoping review

Revista: EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY

ISSN: 0924-9338 Vol.63 2020 págs. S478 - S478
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: (Reseña) Claves de la Universidad y del profesor universitario / Leonardo Polo

Revista: ESE. ESTUDIOS SOBRE EDUCACION

ISSN: 1578-7001 Vol.37 2019 págs. 242 - 244
Autores: Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo (Autor de correspondencia); García-Ubasos, L.; Rodríguez-Fernández, M.

Título: Déficit de atención e hiperactividad en adultos

Revista: ZONA HOSPITALARIA

ISSN: 2253-9034 N° 79 2019 págs. 18 - 19

Resumen

Artículo de divulgación científica sobre el TDAH en adultos
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: El abandono del límite mental como método y la unidad de la filosofía en Leonardo Polo

Revista: STUDIA POLIANA. REVISTA SOBRE EL PENSAMIENTO DE LEONARDO POLO

ISSN: 1139-6660 Vol.21 2019 págs. 123 - 139

Resumen

La filosofía aspira a un saber unitario, pero la filosofía de Polo renuncia a detenerse en una unidad objetiva. Las diversas dimensiones del abandono del límite mental abren temas diversos, que ninguna de ellas parece poder abarcar en su conjunto. En este artículo se plantea en qué sentido el método de Polo puede ofrecer una visión unitaria del saber, tomando pie en dos aspectos comunes a todas sus dimensiones: la presencia mental y la referencia a Dios.
Autores: Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo (Autor de correspondencia); Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio (Autor de correspondencia); Bernácer María, Javier (Autor de correspondencia)

Título: Hábitos positivos y negativos en el TDAH

Revista: CUADERNOS DE PEDAGOGIA

ISSN: 0210-0630 N° 501 2019 págs. 65 - 70

Resumen

Revisamos la relación entre una visión integradora del concepto de hábito y el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH), a partir de dificultades propias de esta condición para el estudio, la accidentabilidad, la dieta y el ejercicio, o los procesos adictivos. Proponemos que muchas consecuencias del TDAH pueden entenderse como una dificultad para la creación y el mantenimiento de hábitos positivos.
Autores: Ramírez Castillo, David; García Roda, Carlos; Güell Pelayo, Francisco; et al.

Título: Frustration tolerance and personality traits in patients with substance use disorders

Revista: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY

ISSN: 1664-0640 Vol.10 2019 págs. 421
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: Classicality first: why Zurek's existential interpretation of quantum mechanics implies Copenhagen

Revista: FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE

ISSN: 1233-1821 Vol.24 N° 2 2019 págs. 275 - 285
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Modelo antropológico subyacente a la propuesta dominante de regulación emocional

Revista: QUIÉN

ISSN: 2443-972X N° 9 2019 págs. 9 - 38

Resumen

En el presente capítulo mostraremos cuál es la propuesta antropológica subyacente a la propuesta dominante hoy en día sobre educación emocional que es conceptualizada como regulación emocional. Como mostraremos, esta descansa en una propuesta antropológica que se centra en el yo-fuerte que hemos llamado ¿autonomous self¿, como referente casi absoluto en su toma de decisiones que interactúa con el medio y las relaciones en función de desplegar su dominio en el entorno. Dicha propuesta se encuentra lejos de otras propuestas de corte personalista que destacan dimensiones más profundas en la persona que la de ser simplemente sujeto de las acciones y que valora mucho más el peso constituyente de las relaciones interpersonales.
Autores: Gaitán Mantaras, Leandro Martín

Título: Heaven on earth: the mind uploading project as secular eschatology

Revista: THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE

ISSN: 1474-6700 N° 17 2019 págs. 403 - 416

Resumen

This paper addresses the greatest aspiration of the transhumanist movement: achieving immortal life through a procedure known as mind uploading. This procedure consists in keeping our minds fully and indefinitely operative after death by transferring them to a non-biological substrate that allows man to be liberated from his bodily confinement. My main thesis is that the mind uploading project presupposes a secular eschatology, consummating the Promethean utopia according to which human beings could redeem themselves, expelling God definitively from their existential horizon. On this basis, the paper offers meaningful contrasts between the uploading as secular eschatology and the Christian tradition.
Autores: Güell Pelayo, Francisco; Echarte Alonso, Luis Enrique; Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Objectivity and human bioenhancement. The paradox of the natural

Revista: SCIENTIA ET FIDES

ISSN: 2300-7648 Vol.7 N° 2 2019 págs. 195 - 214

Resumen

For transhumanism, humanity is a stage which, guided by biological evolution, was preceded by other earlier stages and which will be followed by others that are newer. According to transhumanism, we must break the inertia of blind causes that govern evolution and, through biotechnology, attain what is called a ¿better life¿. Those authors who are supportive of this current of thought develop their proposals by negating the existence of a human nature, but without abandoning the conviction that it will be possible to define what a ¿better life¿ consists in. In this article we will analyze the clarity and rigor with which transhumanists present the ultimate goal of their proposal, the relation between the end and the means proposed for attaining it, and, finally, we will bring to light certain inconsistencies that result from their rejection of the position that human nature could have a normative value.
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Soul, subject and person. A brief history of western humanism

Revista: RES NOVAE

ISSN: 2464-0344 Vol.4 N° 1 2019 págs. 7 - 29

Resumen

The history of Western humanism is marked by the emergence of philosophy as a theoretical way for investigating reality. Philosophy studies human beings in connection with the ultimate foundation of reality. Within Western thought, the tradition associated with this kind of research has forged three basic ways of conceiving of human beings¿ most radical and distinctive features: man as rational soul, as a self-conscious subject, and as a person. All three are based on important theoretical discoveries, but their coexistence has not always been exactly peaceful. Given that human beings cannot live without self-knowledge, the way we see ourselves has important socio-cultural and ethical consequences, which broaden our view of human beings, bringing to light previously hidden features of humanity. Attempting to recover and make sense of the diverse notions of what it is to be a human being is especially important when the very notion of being human is blurred and its normative value is threatened.
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: Libre albedrío y correlaciones cuánticas

Revista: FRONTERASCTR

ISSN: 2530-657X 2019

Resumen

El compatibilismo afirma que el libre albedrío es compatible con el determinismo. Para el "compatibilismo de las bifurcaciones" pertenece a la esencia de la libertad "poder actuar de otra manera", mientras que para el "compatibilismo de la fontalidad" resulta decisiva la ultimidad del agente como fuente de control. Ahora bien, dadas dos partículas con entrelazamiento EPR, la medición de una variable en una de ellas determina instantáneamente el valor de dicha variable en la otra. Experimentos recientes hacen finalmente insostenibles explicaciones basadas en variables ocultas locales: o la naturaleza está ónticamente indeterminada o bien está determinada de modo global. El primer caso es incompatible con los dos compatibilismos y el segundo es incompatible con el "poder actuar de otra manera". Además, implicaría la existencia de variables ocultas no locales como fuente última de determinación, con longitudes de correlación típicas mayores que las del cuerpo humano: la acción no podría originarse en su interior. El compatibilismo, por tanto, debe ser rechazado
Autores: Echarte Alonso, Luis Enrique

Título: La imagen como elemento constitutivo de la corporalidad

Revista: BIOÉTICA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ISSN: 2659-3467 Vol.7 N° 1 2019
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier (Autor de correspondencia); Martínez Valbuena, Iván; Martínez Villar, Martín; et al.

Título: Neural correlates of effort-based behavioral inconsistency

Revista: CORTEX

ISSN: 0010-9452 Vol.113 2019 págs. 96-110

Resumen

According to the theory of value-based decision making, subjects tend to choose the most valuable among a set of options. However, agents may not be consistent when facing the same decision several times. In this paper, Shannon¿s entropy (H) is employed as a measure of behavioral inconsistency: it is a central measure of information theory that, applied to decision making, allows the estimation of behavioral preferences among a set of options. We scanned (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) 24 young (18-25 year) subjects (14 female) while performing a decision-making task, where monetary rewards were devalued by physical effort (minutes running in the treadmill) and risk. Twenty different pairs of options were presented nine times each, and H was calculated for each pair and subject. Behavioral analyses showed that subjective value (SV) significantly explained agents¿ preferences only in pairs with a low inconsistent response. Averaged response time positively correlated with H, confirming entropy as an indicator of choice difficulty. Group analyses on fMRI data revealed a cluster in the paracingulate cortex as the neural correlate of H. Besides, BOLD signal in the posterior cingulate correlated with the SV of the pair only in consistent decisions, confirming that SV loses its explanatory power on highly inconsistent decisions. Finally, the anterior and central cingulate were especially recruited when predicting a secured effortless reward, compared with a secured re
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier (Autor de correspondencia); Martínez Valbuena, Iván; Martínez Villar, Martín; et al.

Título: An amygdala-cingulate network underpins changes in effort-based decision making after afitness program

Revista: NEUROIMAGE

ISSN: 1053-8119 Vol.203 2019

Resumen

When humans make decisions, objective rewards are mainly discounted by delay, risk and effort. Whereas recentresearch has demonstrated that several brain areas process costs and code subjective value in effort-based decisionmaking, it remains obscure how neural activity patterns change when effort costs are reduced due to theacquisition of healthy habits, such as moving from sedentary to active lifestyles. Here, a sample of sedentaryvolunteers was behaviorally assessed and fMRI-scanned before and after completing a 3-monthfitness plan. Theimpact of effort cost on decisions, measured as the constant defining a hyperbolic decaying function, was reducedafter the plan. A logistic mixed model demonstrated that the explanatory power of effort decreased with time. At aneural level, there was a marginally significant disruption of effort-cost related functional activity in the anteriorcingulate after the plan. Functional connectivity between the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex wasstrengthened after habit acquisition. In turn, this interaction was stronger in those participants with lower effortdiscounting. Thus, we show for thefirst time changes in value-based decision making after moving from asedentary to an active lifestyle, which points to the relevance of the amygdala-cingulate interplay when theimpact of effort on decisions fades away.
Autores: Contreras Chicote, María; Villena, Alejandro; Chiclana, Carlos

Título: Dale Una Vuelta: Stop Porn, Start Sex

Revista: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH

ISSN: 1931-7611 Vol.31 N° Sup1 2019 págs. A582 - A583
Autores: Saez, C.; Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Integrative emotional education for adolescents and young people with Down syndrome

Revista: JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH

ISSN: 0964-2633 Vol.63 N° 7 2019 págs. 894 - 894
Autores: Contreras Chicote, María

Título: Use of Online Pornography: ?Compulsive Sexual Behavior or Behavioral Addiction?

Revista: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH

ISSN: 1931-7611 Vol.31 N° 1 2019 págs. A99 - A99
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: (Reseña) Ecology of the brain

Revista: ANUARIO FILOSOFICO

ISSN: 0066-5215 Vol.51 N° 3 2018 págs. 598 - 601
Autores: Ruiz Goikoetxea, M.; Cortese, S.; Soutullo Esperón, César Alejandro; et al.

Título: Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad como factor de riesgo en intoxicaciones y lesiones no intencionales

Revista: ANALES DE PEDIATRIA

ISSN: 1695-4033 Vol.88 N° 5 2018 págs. 294 - 295
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel; Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: Causation as the self-determination of a singular and freely chosen optimality

Revista: REVIEW OF METAPHYSICS

ISSN: 0034-6632 Vol.71 N° 4 2018 págs. 755 - 787

Resumen

The philosopher Roberto Unger and the physicist Lee Smolin have recently argued that the current explanatory framework of cosmology, which presumes a timeless background of unchanging physical laws, should be replaced by a thoroughly relational framework in which time is fundamental and all laws are subject to change. Within this alternative framework, however, Unger and Smolin find themselves confronted by a dilemma: either the laws of nature evolve according to some higher set of ¿meta-laws,¿ which reinstates a timeless background at a higher level, or the laws of nature evolve randomly and the path of inquiry is blocked. In response to this dilemma, the authors propose a theory of causal events as singular, freely chosen, and self-determined optimalities constrained only by their intrinsic relations to all other events.
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Educación sexual personalista

Revista: Correlatos

ISSN: 2594-1380 Vol.1 N° 1 2018 págs. 105 - 140

Resumen

Este artículo propone una reflexión sobre el marco conceptual adecuado para abordar la educación sexual. No ofrece un desglose de cuáles han de ser los objetivos que se deben considerar en tal educación ni un análisis de los programas que la han emprendido. Pensamos que la diversidad de enfoques históricos de educación sexual ofrecen dos grandes perspectivas: una, la de aquellas que apuestan por la abstinencia, con todas sus variantes, o bien las llamadas holísticas (comprehensive); ambas, sin embargo, pueden ser consideradas opciones ¿técnicas¿; hay otra perspectiva, que podría llamarse ¿personalista¿, otra forma de entender la educación emocional y sexual: aquí se intenta exponer y justificar esta última.
Autores: Lecumberri, A.; López Janeiro, Álvaro; Corral-Domenge, C.; et al.

Título: Neuronal density and proportion of interneurons in the associative, sensorimotor and limbic human striatum

Revista: BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

ISSN: 1863-2653 Vol.223 N° 4 2018 págs. 1615 - 1625

Resumen

The striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens) is the main input structure of the basal ganglia. It receives cortical projections from the vast majority of the cortex, as well as from other subcortical structures such as the thalamus and amygdala. Its role in planning, preparation and execution of voluntary movements is known to be fine-tuned by the interaction between projection neurons and interneurons. Since the 1990s, it has been accepted that the proportion of interneurons increases phylogenetically, being about 5% in rodents and 26% in humans. However, these data have not been confirmed with unbiased techniques, such as stereology. In the present report, we have divided the human striatum into functional territories (associative, sensorimotor and limbic) and we have quantified the numerical density of all striatal neurons (using Nissl staining) in each area. Taking into account our past research on the estimation of striatal interneurons, we have calculated the proportion of interneurons in each territory. This value was on average 17.1% for the whole striatum, although interneurons were more abundant in the associative (21.9%) than in the sensorimotor (12.8%) and limbic (11.1%) aspects. Therefore, we demonstrate with unbiased stereology that the overall proportion of striatal interneurons is slightly lower than that reported in previous studies, and that it varies in the functional territories of this structure.
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Conocimiento humano y conocimiento animal

Revista: NATURALEZA Y LIBERTAD

ISSN: 2254-9668 Vol.10 N° 1 2018 págs. 193 - 209

Resumen

Resumen: Es común el el pensamiento actual la negación o incluso la falta de percepción de una posible diferencia esencial entre el conocimiento humano y el animal. En este texto se presentan algunas razones de esta situación, se plantea si es adecuado usar el término conocimiento tanto para los hombres como para el resto de los animales y, desde una perspectiva aristotélica, se recupera un debate de la antropología del siglo pasado en el que se pone de manifiesto un aspecto de la cuestión frecuentemente pasado por alto en nuestra época. Palabras clave: conocimiento animal, inteligencia, antropología, Köhler, Pavlov, Scheler, Aristóteles. Abstract: In contemporary thinking it is common the negation or even the inca-pacity of perceiving an essential difference between human and animal cognition. In this text, some reasons that explain this situation are offered, the problem of the opportunity of using the same term for animal and human cognition is re-vised and, from an Aristotelian perspective, a debate of last century philosophical anthropology is revisited that addresses an aspect of this problem frequently ig-nored. Keywords: animal cognition, intelligence, anthropology, Köhler, Pavlov, Scheler, Aristotle
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: Enactivist approaches to the cognitive science of religion

Revista: MATERIAL RELIGION

ISSN: 1743-2200 Vol.14 N° 3 2018 págs. 415 - 416
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Repercusiones teológicas de la dinámica de la integración

Revista: TEOLOGIA ESPIRITUAL

ISSN: 0495-1549 Vol.61 N° 181 2018 págs. 64 - 164

Resumen

Después qué y cómo se entiende el término integrar, se hace un recorrido por la filosofía, la psicología, la neurociencia, comprobando que existe un lenguaje común compartido que es reflejo de que de hecho todas ellas están participando de algo mayor a ellas mismas: la integración, clave para que todas ellas puedan crecer en refuerzo mutuo. Las consecuencias epistemológicas de ello son importantes: cuando cualquier disciplina progrese asumiendo la clave de la integración podrá encontrarse con las otras y precisamente gracias a su relación con las otras ella podrá crecer. Presentando finalmente las repercusiones teológicas de esta dinámica de integración.
Autores: Ostiz Blanco, Mikel

Título: Ser personal, ser peculiar: Sobre los límites de lo humano y las fronteras con otros seres

Revista: NATURALEZA Y LIBERTAD

ISSN: 2254-9668 Vol.10 N° 1 2018 págs. 211 - 231

Resumen

El ser humano es un ser peculiar, ya que participa de diversos ámbitos sin agotarse en ninguno de ellos. En este artículo se elabora un análisis compara-do del ser humano con otros seres: los animales no humanos y las máquinas. De esta forma, se pretende poner de manifiesto las coincidencias y diferencias y, así, intentar bosquejar lo específicamente humano. Respecto a los animales, el ser humano comparte una dimensión biológica ¿no solo material, sino también psi-cológica¿ pero su condición de ser espiritual hace que el resto de dimensiones ¿incluido el propio cuerpo¿ tengan una orientación distinta. Respecto a las máquinas, si bien han demostrado una cierta ¿inteligencia¿, es siempre una racio-nalidad prestada, que carece de la condición de ser libre tan propia del ser humano. Precisamente, esta capacidad de destinarse y entregarse es la caracterís-tica más propia humana.
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier

Título: An integrative understanding of habit to explore its neural correlates

Revista: JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES

ISSN: 1355-8250 Vol.25 N° 7 - 8 2018 págs. 112 - 134

Resumen

Scientific research leans on the theoretical assumptions that have been taken for granted through decades of research. Experimental psychology, mostly rooted in experiments with rodents, defines habits as rigid, unconscious, and non-teleological behaviours opposed to goal-directed actions. This definition has been transferred to human research as such, and habits are thus viewed as compulsions, obsessions, slips-of-action, and addictions. From an experiential point of view, however, humans possess habits that go beyond these behaviours. According to Aristotle, habits are dispositions of thought and performance, usually acquired by repetition, which predispose our future actions. This 'new' understanding of human habits would be associated with a brain configuration that goes beyond the rigid carving of motor routines in certain areas. An empirical application of this interpretation is explained. In conclusion, a novel perspective is proposed to study the neural correlates of habits and their impact on behaviour.
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: La Inteligencia Artificial vista desde la filosofía y la teología

Revista: FRONTERASCTR

ISSN: 2530-657X 2018
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor; Blasco, M.

Título: Revealing the hidden curriculum in higher education

Revista: STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION

ISSN: 0039-3746 Vol.37 N° 5 2018 págs. 481 - 498

Resumen

The so-called 'hidden curriculum' (HC) is often presented as a counterproductive element in education, and many scholars argue that it should be eliminated, by being made explicit, in education in general and specifically in higher education (HE). The problem of the HC has not been solved by the transition from a teacher-centered education to a student-centered educational model that takes the student's experience as the starting point of learning. In this article we turn to several philosophers of education (Dewey, Kohlberg, Whitehead, Peters and Knowles) to propose that HC can be made explicit in HE when the teacher recognizes and lives his/her teaching as a personal issue, not merely a technical one; and that the students' experience of the learning process is not merely individual but emerges through their interpersonal relationship with the teacher. We suggest ways in which this interpersonal relationship can be strengthened despite current challenges in HE.
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Implicaciones educativas de la relación entre el acto de ser y la esencia.

Revista: MISCELANEA POLIANA

ISSN: 1699-2849 N° 60 2018 págs. 79 - 90

Resumen

En la propuesta filosófica de Polo la distinción entre el acto de ser y la esencia es fundamental, sobre todo por la forma que tiene de concretar esta distinción en el universo y en el ser humano. Esto ha llevado a que, por la novedad que introduce en su forma singular de entenderla, se suela resaltar tal distinción. Esto podría llevar al equívoco de que acto de ser y esencia son como dos principios con cierta independencia, cuando esto no es así. En el presente artículo resaltamos la íntima relación entre acto de ser y esencia y lo aplicamos a un campo concreto que es el de la educación.
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Educación centrada en el crecimiento de la relación interpersonal

Revista: STUDIA POLIANA. REVISTA SOBRE EL PENSAMIENTO DE LEONARDO POLO

ISSN: 1139-6660 N° 20 2018 págs. 241 - 262

Resumen

La forma de entender la educación realizó un giro de una educación centrada en el profesor a una educación centrada en el alumno. Si en el modelo centrado en el profesor el acto educativo descansa sobre todo en lo que el profesor realiza, en el modelo centrado en el alumno el acto educativo descansa sobre todo en lo que el alumno hace. No obstante, proponemos que este cambio es insuficiente y que hace falta más bien entender el acto educativo centrado en todo el juego de relaciones interpersonales que permite un centro escolar.
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel; García-Valdecasas Merino, Miguel; Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: 'I can' vs. 'I want': What's missing from Gallagher's picture of non-reductive cognitive science

Revista: AUSTRALASIAN PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW

ISSN: 2474-0500 Vol.2 N° 2 2018 págs. 209 - 213

Resumen

We support the development of non-reductive cognitive science and the naturalization of phenomenology for this purpose, and we agree that the 'relational turn' defended by Gallagher is a necessary step in this direction. However, we believe that certain aspects of his relational concept of nature need clarification. In particular, Gallagher does not say whether or how teleology, affect, and other value-related properties of life and mind can be naturalized within this framework. In this paper, we argue that (1) given the phenomenological standards recognized by Gallagher, his commitment to a naturalized phenomenology should entail a commitment to a naturalized concept of value; and (2) the kind of 'relational nature' described by Gallagher in his paper is insufficient for this purpose

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Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: Pragmatist inquiry and the problem of value

Libro: Religion in multidisciplinary perspective: philosophical, theological, and scientific approaches to Wesley J. Wildman

ISSN: 978-1-4384-8741-0 2022 págs. 79 - 104
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier; Güell Pelayo, Francisco

Título: The notion of person in neuroscience: from cognitivism to a comprehensive phenomenology

Libro: Psychiatry and Neuroscience update: from Epistemology to Clinical Psychiatry

ISSN: 978-3-030-61721-9 Vol.IV 2021 págs. 107 - 119

Resumen

The attribution of the category of person to a living being is not irrelevant at all, since it indicates who is entitled to rights, dignity, and duties by law. Throughout approximately 15 centuries, since Boethius first defined the term, the most influential philosophers have provided an interpretation on which are the defining features of persons. Current neuroscience, influenced by mainstream utilitarian bioethics, takes John Locke¿s definition of person as starting point: the being with intelligence, self-consciousness, and memory. This notion has been subsequently refined by analytic philosophy and contemporary thinkers such as Daniel Dennett, ending up in a cognitivist conception of person. In this text, we will discuss how current neuroscience has embraced this definition and the subsequent reductionism it leads to. In fact, for some authors, personhood is an illusion held by human beings. We will present other philosophical perspectives on the issue and will concentrate on the phenomenological interpretation to achieve a comprehensive notion of person. From this perspective, the person is understood as an embodied mind where the role of the environment, including interpersonal relationships, is utterly radical. This vision presupposes the inability of neuroscience, or any other individual discipline, to cover by itself what a person is. Thus, the phenomenological approach on the person is presented as a paradigmatic example to promote dialogue between scientific and humanistic disciplines.
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: Presentación

Libro: Encubrimiento y verdad: algunos rasgos diagnósticos de la sociedad actual

ISSN: 978-84-313-3651-6 2021 págs. 13 - 14
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier; Muñoz Ortega, José Manuel

Título: Estado actual de la neurociencia y retos interdisciplinares: El caso de los neuroderechos

Libro: Neuro-educación realista

ISSN: 978-84-7278-600-4 2021 págs. 253 - 277
Autores: Gaitán Mantaras, Leandro Martín

Título: Ravaisson-Mollien, Jean Gaspard Félix (1813-1900)

Libro: Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Philosophers

2020 págs. 1 - 5
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Education of desire: moderation or reinforcement?

Libro: Desire and human flourishing. Perspectives from positive psychology, Moral education and virtue ethics

ISSN: 978-3-030-47000-5 2020 págs. 121 - 134

Resumen

Desire is a key feature for understanding human beings, but there are different conceptions of its nature and its role in human life. Modern thinkers tend to understand desire as a force that must be regulated, whereas classical philosophy proposes ways of integrating and harmonizing desires in the context of the whole life. Christian early thinkers argued that our desire tends toward an infinite good whose pursuit implies an always-open personal growth. From this perspective, the integration of human desires can no longer be seen as mere limitation or regulation. In this context, it is possible to understand the classical notions of habit and virtue as a kind of personal growth, which includes growth in one¿s capacity for desire. However, the question arises of how to reconcile this perpetual growth with the pursuit of happiness and peace.
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: UpToYou, emotional education for personal growth in the early years : educating interior dispositions

Libro: People, care and work in the home

ISSN: 9780367422998 2020 págs. 173 - 186
Autores: Barrett, Nathaniel

Título: Cognitive science, embodiment and materiality

Libro: The Wiley Blackwell Companion to religion and materiality

ISSN: 9781118660102 2020 págs. 108 - 127

Resumen

Insofar as studies of religious materiality include embodiment within their purview, they call for interdisciplinary collaboration with cognitive science, which in recent decades has taken an `embodied turn¿. However, not only is the meaning of embodied cognition still unsettled, but some of the most prominent theories interpret the body as the fixed `ground¿ of experience in a way that curtails the role of materials outside the body. In an attempt to clarify the issues at stake, this chapter explores the problematic concept of embodiment within cognitive science and marks an important difference between so¿called `radical¿ theories of embodied mind and those that remain within the sway of functionalism. Insofar as the former are concerned with the dynamic emergence and context¿sensitivity of mental processes, they would seem to make ideal partners for studies of the dynamic character of religious objects and practices.
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: La inobjetivabilidad de la persona en Max Scheler: el modo de ser conocida que no le corresponde

Libro: La Humildad del Maestro. Homenaje a Urbano Ferrer

ISSN: 9788413390055 2019 págs. 602 - 617
Autores: Güell Pelayo, Francisco

Título: Estudio de la suficiencia constitucional del embrión humano

Libro: El embrión humano. Una mirada desde la antropología, la bioética, la biología del desarrollo y los derechos humanos

ISSN: 978-84-1313-382-9 2019 págs. 101 - 130
Autores: Fernández de Barrena Marchena, Sara; Nubiola, Jaime

Título: Translating Charles S. Peirce¿s Letters: a creative and cooperative experience

Libro: Sementes de pragmatismo na contemporaneidade: homenagem a Ivo Assad Ibri

ISSN: 978-85-66249-33-0 2019 págs. 153 - 164
Autores: Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo; Barrett, Nathaniel; Güell Pelayo, Francisco; et al.

Título: Techne and episteme: challenges for a fruitful translation between neuroscience and psychiatry

Libro: Psychiatry and neuroscience update: from translational research to a humanistic approach

ISSN: 9783319953595 Vol.III 2019 págs. 83 - 97
Autores: Echarte Alonso, Luis Enrique

Título: La problematización de la corporalidad en las nuevas utopías tecnológicas de la inmortalidad

Libro: Confluencias. Arte, ciencia e inmortalidad

ISSN: 978-84-8081-615-1 2019 págs. 85 - 106
Autores: Ostiz Blanco, Mikel

Título: ¿Verdad o posverdad? Una reflexión sobre los ámbitos antropológicos donde la verdad aún importa

Libro: La posverdad o el dominio de lo trivial

ISSN: 978-84-1339-006-2 2019 págs. 389 - 402
Autores: Arrondo Ostíz, Gonzalo; Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio; Bernácer María, Javier

Título: Hábitos positivos y negativos en el TDAH

Libro: Todo lo que necesitas saber sobre el TDAH en la etapa de aprendizaje

ISSN: 9788499872032 Vol.501 2019 págs. 65 - 70
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Conocimiento, autoconocimiento y condición corpórea del ser humano

Libro: Opere et veritate. Homenaje al profesor Ángel Luis González

ISSN: 978-84-313-3248-8 2018 págs. 543 - 555
Autores: Echarte Alonso, Luis Enrique

Título: Consumismo y mejora moral. El papel de la biotecnología en las nuevas necesidades de mercado

Libro: El consumidor de moda

ISSN: 978-84-313-3289-1 2018 págs. 249 - 288
Autores: García-Valdecasas Merino, Miguel

Título: La dificultad inversa del axioma de la intencionalidad y el problema mente-cerebro

Libro: La teoría del conocimiento de Leonardo Polo. Entre la tradición metafísica y la filosofía contemporánea

ISSN: 9788431332785 2018 págs. 57 - 81

Resumen

Como señala J. Searle, ¿desde Descartes, el problema mente-cuerpo ha tomado la forma siguiente: ¿cómo podemos dar cuenta de las relaciones entre dos géneros de cosas, en apariencia totalmente diferentes?¿. Por un lado, tenemos los fenómenos físicos; por otro, fenómenos subjetivos. La tensión entre unos y otros aparece como consecuencia de considerar las propiedades fenoménicas como irreconciliables, heterogéneas y opuestas a la materia, es decir, de aprobar una cierta forma de dualismo entre lo real y lo intencional. La pregunta que voy enfrentar directamente es: ¿es verdad que ambas clases de propiedades son opuestas e irreconciliables? O lo que es lo mismo: ¿son la conciencia, la intencionalidad y el conocimiento irreconciliables con la realidad física en el sentido de que no toman origen en ella, sino que se constituyen independientemente? Para responder a esta pregunta, presentaré la dificultad inversa al axioma de la intencionalidad tal como la describe L. Polo en su Curso de teoría del conocimiento, I, donde se habla de la la noción de facultad orgánica en el contexto de la vida. Este análisis ofrece una solución novedosa a este problema inspirada en la noción aristotélica de praxis teleía.
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Intencionalidad, causalidad y finalidad

Libro: La teoría del conocimiento de Leonardo Polo. Entre la tradición metafísica y la filosofía contemporánea

ISSN: 978-84-313-3278-5 2018 págs. 273 - 287
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: La filosofía de Polo ha tomado parte importante en mi vida

Libro: Filósofo, maestro, amigo. 234 Testimonios sobre Leonardo Polo

ISSN: 9788431332624 2018 págs. 55 - 59
Autores: Echarte Alonso, Luis Enrique

Título: ¿Cuál es el lugar de la belleza en la ciencia?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos? Cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 978-84-313-3285-3 2018 págs. 124 - 129
Autores: Echarte Alonso, Luis Enrique

Título: ¿Cuándo termina la vida humana?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos? Cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 978-84-313-3285-3 2018 págs. 283 - 288
Autores: García-Valdecasas Merino, Miguel

Título: ¿Puede la racionalidad ser resultado de la evolución?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos?: cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 9788431332853 2018 págs. 50 - 56
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Language and thought: Saussure in the context of the linguistic turn of 20th-century philosophy

Libro: The cours de linguistique génerale revisited: 1916-2016. Saussure et le cours de linguistique générale cent ans après

ISSN: 978-965-7698-11-2 2018 págs. 303 - 317
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Retos filosóficos de la investigación científica sobre los hábitos

Libro: La unidad del viviente desde un enfoque interdisciplinario: del origen de la vida a la generación de hábitos. Una aproximación desde la filosofía y las ciencias biológicas

ISSN: 9788417203795 2018 págs. 411 - 433
Autores: Güell Pelayo, Francisco; Reyes-Cárdenas, P.

Título: ¿Cuál es el impacto de la amistad en la persona y en la sociedad?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos? Cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 9788431332853 2018 págs. 274 - 279
Autores: García-Valdecasas Merino, Miguel

Título: ¿Podemos concocer la verdad, o todo el conocimiento es relativo?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos?: cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 9788431332853 2018 págs. 118 - 123
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Emoción, significado, cosmovisión y autoconcepto. Un arcoíris conceptual

Libro: Educación y persona. Reflexiones críticas sobre el sentido de la educación

ISSN: 978-84-17203-38-2 2018 págs. 59 - 92

Resumen

El capítulo muestra como a partir de la experiencia vivida la persona accede a la emoción vivida, el significado, la cosmovisión y el autoconcepto según una focalización atencional bien centrada en la relevancia individual, social, puntual del evento o de su relación con la experiencia global de vivir.
Autores: Bernácer María, Javier

Título: ¿Somos nuestro cerebro?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos? Cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 9788431332853 2018 págs. 91 - 95
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: La unidad del viviente: una lectura desde la filosofía y la ciencia

Libro: La unidad desde el enfoque interdisciplinario: del origen de la vida a la generación de hábitos. Una aproximación desde la filosofía y las ciencias biológicas

ISSN: 978-84-17203-79-5 2018 págs. 53 - 77
Autores: Ostiz Blanco, Mikel

Título: Para hacer buena antropología hay que "ser un buen chico"

Libro: Filósofo, maestro, amigo. 234 testimonios sobre Leonardo Polo

ISSN: 978-84-313-3262-4 2018 págs. 396 - 397
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio; Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: Notion of personhood from a spiritual perspective

Libro: Encyclopedia of business and professional ethics

ISSN: 978-3-319-23514-1 2018 págs. Online
Autores: Güell Pelayo, Francisco

Título: ¿Cuándo comienza la vida humana?

Libro: ¿Quiénes somos? Cuestiones en torno al ser humano

ISSN: 9788431332853 2018 págs. 197 - 202
Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: Espíritu universitario: investigación, liderazgo, amistad

Libro: Opere et veritate. Homenaje al profesor Ángel Luis González

ISSN: 9788431332488 2018 págs. 45 - 50
Autores: Murillo Gómez, José Ignacio

Título: Foreword

Libro: The interprocessual self. towards a personalist virtue ethics proposal for human agency

ISSN: 978-1-5275-0827-9 2018 págs. XII - XV

Autores: Alonso Bastarreche, Gonzalo

Título: El sistema de la persona humana. Una introducción a la antropología

ISSN: 978-84-19199-54-6 2023
Autores: Gaitán Mantaras, Leandro Martín

Título: La experiencia religiosa. Aldous Huxley y la neuroteología.

ISSN: 978-84-313-3610-3 2021
Autores: Sánchez Cañizares, Javier

Título: Universo singular. Apuntes desde la física para una filosofía de la naturaleza

ISSN: 9788416552979 2019
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: Neuropsicología de las emociones. Un estudio actualizado y transversal

ISSN: 978-84-368-4089-6 2019

Resumen

La primera investigación neuropsicológica sobre las emociones llegó a una comprensión de la emoción entendiéndola como una reacción biológica ante la contemplación de un objeto cuya carga emocional dispara la emoción en el sujeto. La educación emocional se entendió como la regulación emocional, y se planteó la identificación de la emoción para su control realizado gracias a que el módulo cerebral cognitivo actuaría sobre el módulo cerebral emocional. En esta obra se descubre cómo esa investigación inicial ha sido ampliamente superada rechazándose la visión modular del cerebro y acogiéndose a una visión dinámica de sistemas complejos que implican diversas funciones psicológicas alcanzadas gracias a procesos de sincronización en los que interviene todo el cerebro. El libro tiene una ordenación que guía al lector desde lo general a lo particular. Cada capítulo se inicia con el apartado de objetivos para orientar la lectura y finaliza con un resumen que sintetiza lo expuesto y al mismo tiempo sirve como una referencia rápida para la localización de los contenidos de la obra. Se incluye también un anexo de neurociencia para que las personas no familiarizadas con la terminología puedan hacer una introducción en función de lo que necesitan para entender el libro y un glosario de términos para identificarlos, ya que las mismas palabras significan cosas distintas en diversas disciplinas.
Autores: Orón Semper, José Víctor

Título: UpToYou, otra forma de pensar y educar : libro de la formación inicial de educadores UpToYou

ISSN: 978-84-09-02482-7 2018

Resumen

El libro presenta una fundamentación teórica inicial sobre la neuropsicología del desarrollo, la relación entre emociones y creencias, una definición y explicación del concepto educación, una exposición sobre la naturaleza de la emoción para, finalmente, expresar una visión de la educación emocional en clave de integración. Después, todo este contenido teórico se concreta en unas herramientas prácticas con sus correspondientes explicaciones teóricas que ayudan a la persona a conocerse y a tomar decisiones para el crecimiento. Los capítulos finales versan sobre el estrés, el apego y el acompañamiento personal.

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Título: Ayuda Ramon y Cajal 2020 Gonzalo Arrondo

Código de expediente: RYC2020-030744-I

Investigador principal: GONZALO ARRONDO OSTIZ.

Financiador: AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION

Convocatoria: 2020 AEI RAMÓN Y CAJAL

Fecha de inicio: 01-09-2022

Fecha fin: 31-08-2029

Importe concedido: 324.250,00€

Otros fondos: Fondos FSE
Título: Efectos sobre la salud y el funcionamiento de la pandemia COVID-19 en niños y jóvenes españoles

Código de expediente: 0011-3638-2020-000010

Investigador principal: GONZALO ARRONDO OSTIZ.

Financiador: GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA. DEPARTAMENTO DE SALUD

Convocatoria: 2020 GN Proyectos de Investigación en salud

Fecha de inicio: 21-12-2020

Fecha fin: 20-12-2021

Importe concedido: 31.050,00€

Otros fondos: -
Título: Ayuda movilidad (Estancia en Reino Unido)

Código de expediente: CAS19/00249

Investigador principal: GONZALO ARRONDO OSTIZ.

Financiador: MINISTERIO DE EDUCACION , CULTURA Y DEPORTE

Convocatoria: 2019 MECD Movilidad José Castillejo

Fecha de inicio: 01-02-2020

Fecha fin: 31-07-2020

Importe concedido: 19.620,00€

Otros fondos: -
Título: Solicitud ayuda movilidad Senior

Código de expediente: PRX18/00539

Investigador principal: MIGUEL GARCIA-VALDECASAS MERINO.

Financiador: MINISTERIO DE EDUCACION , CULTURA Y DEPORTE

Convocatoria: 2018 MECD SENIOR

Fecha de inicio: 01-06-2019

Fecha fin: 30-11-2019

Importe concedido: 19.309,00€

Otros fondos: -
Título: Devaluación en la toma de decisiones en adultos con TDAH: asociación con estilos de vida y efecto de la medicación

Código de expediente: PSI2017-86763-P

Investigador principal: JAVIER BERNACER MARIA, GONZALO ARRONDO OSTIZ.

Financiador: MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN

Convocatoria: 2017 MINECO EXCELENCIA

Fecha de inicio: 01-01-2018

Fecha fin: 30-09-2021

Importe concedido: 54.813,00€

Otros fondos: Fondos FEDER
Título: Adicción, personalidad y tolerancia a la frustración: un estudio neuropsicológico en sujetos adscritos a Proyecto Hombre

Código de expediente: 2016/057

Investigador principal: FRANCISCO JUAN GUELL PELAYO.

Financiador: MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD, SERVICIOS SOCIALES E IGUALDAD

Convocatoria: 2016 DROGODEPENDENCIA

Fecha de inicio: 01-01-2017

Fecha fin: 31-12-2020

Importe concedido: 42.683,00€

Otros fondos: -

Título: SUSTAINWELL Sustainable Welfare: Rethinking the roles of Family, Market and State

Código de expediente:

Investigador principal: JAVIER BERNACER MARIA

Financiador: COMISIÓN EUROPEA

Convocatoria: HORIZON-CL2-2022-TRANSFORMATIONS-01

Fecha de inicio: 01-02-2023

Fecha fin: 31-01-2027

Importe concedido: 103.125,00€

Otros fondos: -
Título: B2INF

Código de expediente:

Investigador principal: FRANCISCO JUAN GUELL PELAYO

Financiador: COMISIÓN EUROPEA

Convocatoria: H2020-SwafS-20-2018-2019

Fecha de inicio: 01-11-2020

Fecha fin: 31-10-2023

Importe concedido: 146.187,50€

Otros fondos: -
Título: Templeton Cañizares

Código de expediente: IP620214001

Investigador principal: JAVIER SANCHEZ CAÑIZARES

Financiador: TEMPLETON FOUNDATION

Convocatoria: JTF Small Grant 2018

Fecha de inicio: 01-09-2018

Fecha fin: 31-05-2021

Importe concedido: 162.393,00€

Otros fondos: -

Título: Polo Digital Universidad de Navarra (PODIUN)

Investigador principal: JUAN FERNANDO SELLES DAUDER

Financiador: UNIVERSIDAD DE NAVARRA

Convocatoria: 2020 Convocatoria PIUNA, 2021 Convocatoria PIUNA

Fecha de inicio: 01-09-2020

Fecha fin: 31-08-2022

Importe concedido: 8.250,00€

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