Grupos Investigadores

Miembros del Grupo

Coordinador
Martí del Moral, Amelia
(amarti@unav.es)
Investigadores
María Cristina
Azcona San Julián
María Jesús
Chueca Guindulain
Teodoro
Dura Trave
Sonia
García Calzón
María de los Reyes
López de Mesa
Colaboradores
Lucia
Alonso Pedrero
Ana
Catalan Lamban
Lydia
Morell Azanza
Ana María
Ojeda Sordo

Líneas de Investigación

  • Estudios de intervención nutricional en población infanto-juvenil.
  • Influencia de factores del estido de vida y del ambiente en el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.
  • Marcadores genéticos y epigenéticos en el desarrollo de la obesidad y comorbilidades asociadas.

Palabras Clave

  • Actividad física
  • Adiposidad
  • Nutrición
  • Población infantil
  • Sueño

Publicaciones Científicas desde 2018

  • Autores: Guerrero.-Fernandez, J.; Amat Bou, M.; Audi Parera, L.; et al.
    Revista: ENDOCRINOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA
    ISSN: 2013-7788 Vol.14 N° Supl. 2 2023 págs. 21 - 38
  • Autores: Rivero-Martín, M. J.; Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Bahillo-Curieses, M. P.; et al.
    Revista: ENDOCRINOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA
    ISSN: 2013-7788 Vol.13 N° 2 2022 págs. 51 - 63
  • Autores: Martin-Matillas, M.; Rocha-Silva, D.; Plaza-Florido, A. (Autor de correspondencia); et al.
    Revista: NUTRIENTS
    ISSN: 2072-6643 Vol.14 N° 15 2022
    Resumen
    We investigated which determinants (socioeconomic, early life factors, body composition changes, fitness changes and/or physical activity changes) best predicted longitudinal outcomes in cardiometabolic risk profile (Z-score change) in adolescents with OW/OB who underwent a 13-month multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention. A total of 165 adolescents (13-16 y; 46% boys) from the EVASYON study were included. Socioeconomic variables and early life factors were obtained from the medical records. Body composition was assessed using anthropometry. Fitness and physical activity were measured with field-based tests and questionnaires. Cardiometabolic risk factors (fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and waist circumference) were derived from standard methods in the hospital. Body weight changes, sex and mother's education were selected in the stepwise process as the most important determinants of changes in cardiometabolic risk profile (R-2 = 0.26, p = 0.002; R-2 = 0.14, p = 0.013; and R-2 = 0.14, p = 0.017, respectively). Both boys and girls showed a lower cardiometabolic risk score with the reduction in body weight (r = 0.535, p = 0.009 and r = 0.506, p = 0.005, respectively). There was no interaction between sex and body weight change (p = 0.614). In conclusion, the simple measure of changes in body weight should be considered to track changes in cardiometabolic risk profile in adolescents with OW/OB.
  • Autores: Christensen, D. H. (Autor de correspondencia); Nicolaisen, S. K.; Ahlqvist, E.; et al.
    Revista: BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH AND CARE
    ISSN: 2052-4897 Vol.10 N° 2 2022 págs. e002731
    Resumen
    Introduction A Swedish data-driven cluster study identified four distinct type 2 diabetes (T2D) clusters, based on age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2) estimates of insulin resistance and beta-cell function. A Danish study proposed three T2D phenotypes (insulinopenic, hyperinsulinemic, and classical) based on HOMA2 measures only. We examined these two new T2D classifications using the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. Research design and methods In 3529 individuals, we first performed a k-means cluster analysis with a forced k-value of four to replicate the Swedish clusters: severe insulin deficient (SIDD), severe insulin resistant (SIRD), mild age-related (MARD), and mild obesity-related (MOD) diabetes. Next, we did an analysis open to alternative k-values (ie, data determined the optimal number of clusters). Finally, we compared the data-driven clusters with the three Danish phenotypes. Results Compared with the Swedish findings, the replicated Danish SIDD cluster included patients with lower mean HbA1c (86 mmol/mol vs 101 mmol/mol), and the Danish MOD cluster patients were less obese (mean BMI 32 kg/m(2) vs 36 kg/m(2)). Our data-driven alternative k-value analysis suggested the optimal number of T2D clusters in our data to be three, rather than four. When comparing the four replicated Swedish clusters with the three proposed Danish phenotypes, 81%, 79%, and 69% of the SIDD, MOD, and MARD patients, respectively, fitted the classical T2D phenotype, whereas 70% of SIRD patients fitted the hyperinsulinemic phenotype. Among the three alternative data-driven clusters, 60% of patients in the most insulin-resistant cluster constituted 76% of patients with a hyperinsulinemic phenotype. Conclusion Different HOMA2-based approaches did not classify patients with T2D in a consistent manner. The T2D classes characterized by high insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia appeared most distinct.
  • Autores: Alonso Pedrero, Lucia; Donat-Vargas, C.; Bes Rastrollo, Maira; et al.
    Revista: NUTRIENTS
    ISSN: 2072-6643 Vol.14 N° 2 2022 págs. 353
    Resumen
    Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may influence telomere length (TL), which is considered as a marker of biological age associated with the risk of chronic disease. We hypothesized that dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins could affect TL. Our aim was to evaluate the association of dietary exposure to PCBs and dioxins with TL. In this cross-sectional study of 886 subjects older than 55 y (mean age: 67.7; standard deviation (SD): 6.1; 27% women) from the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) project. TL was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and dietary PCBs and dioxins exposure was collected using a validated 136-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were used to control for potential confounding factors. Shorter TL was associated with dietary total PCBs (SD of T/S ratio/(ng/day) = -0.30 x 10(-7); 95% CI, -0.55 x 10(-7) to -0.06 x 10(-7)), dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) (SD of T/S ratio/(pg WHO TEQ (Toxic Equivalents)/day) = -6.17 x 10(-7); 95% CI, -11.30 x 10(-7) to -1.03 x 10(-7)), and total TEQ exposure (SD of T/S ratio/(pg WHO TEQ/day) = -5.02 x 10(-7); 95% CI, -9.44 x 10(-7) to -0.61 x 10(-7)), but not with dioxins (SD of T/S ratio/(pg WHO TEQ/day) = -13.90 x 10(-7); 95% CI, -37.70 x 10(-7) to 9.79 x 10(-7)). In this sample of middle-aged and older Spanish adults, dietary exposure to total PCBs and DL-PCBs alone and together with dioxins was associated with shorter TL. Further longitudinal studies, preferably with POPs measured in biological samples, are needed to confirm this finding.
  • Autores: Guerrero-Fernández, J. (Autor de correspondencia); González-Peramato, P.; Rodríguez Estévez, A.; et al.
    Revista: ENDOCRINOLOGÍA, DIABETES Y NUTRICIÓN
    ISSN: 2530-0164 Vol.69 N° 8 2022 págs. 629 - 645
    Resumen
    El riesgo de padecer tumores gonadales de células germinales (TCG) se encuentra incrementado en algunos pacientes con desarrollo sexual diferente (DSD), fundamentalmente en aquellos que presentan material de cromosoma Y. Dicho riesgo, sin embargo, varía considerablemente en función de multitud de factores que dificultan enormemente la decisión de una gonadectomía profiláctica. Con el fin de hacer recomendaciones fundamentadas sobre la conveniencia de este procedimiento en los casos donde existe potencial de malignización, esta guía de consenso evalúa la última evidencia clínica existente, en general escasa, y actualiza los conocimientos en este terreno.
  • Autores: Alonso Pedrero, Lucia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Zalba Goñi, Guillermo; et al.
    Revista: REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE CARDIOLOGÍA (ENGLISH ED.)
    ISSN: 1885-5857 Vol.75 N° 4 2022 págs. 308 - 315
    Resumen
    Introduction and objectives: Telomeres are noncoding regions located at the end of chromosomes and their shortening has been associated with risk factors and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (Life's simple 7) and the odds of having short telomeres in a subsample of participants older than 55 years from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) study. Methods: We included 886 participants older than 55 years (645 men and 241 women). Telomere length was measured using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cardiovascular health score was defined by the American Heart Association as a composite score of 7 key risk factors (smoking status, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose) with 0 to 2 points for each factor. We categorized this score in tertiles as poor (0-9 points), intermediate (10-11 points) and ideal (12-14 points). The odds of having short telomeres was defined as telomere length below the 20th percentile. Results: Individuals with higher ideal cardiovascular health had a lower prevalence of having short telomeres (adjusted OR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.34-1.05; P trend = .052). This association was statistically significant in men (adjusted OR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.17-0.83; P trend = .025) but not in women. Conclusions: An inverse association between cardiovascular health score and short telomeres was found especially for men older than 55 years in the SUN population.
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Silveira Assmann, T.; Alonso Pedrero, Lucia; et al.
    Revista: PEDIATRIC OBESITY
    ISSN: 2047-6310 Vol.17 N° 8 2022 págs. e12910
    Resumen
    Background Recent studies have associated several microRNAs (miRNAs) with childhood obesity and energy homeostasis, suggesting that an individual miRNA profile could be used as an early predictor to estimate the response to weight loss interventions in the design of precision nutrition. Objective To investigate associations between the expression of circulating adiposity-related miRNAs and the response to a weight loss intervention. Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. Participants were stratified into two groups in accordance with changes in body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score: low-responders (LR) and high-responders (HR). The expression of 39 circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) was evaluated in plasma of all subjects before the intervention. Results Six miRNAs were differentially expressed between LR and HR. However, after adjustment for Tanner stage, the association was maintained only for miR-126-3p and miR-221-3p with a higher expression in HR group compared to LR group. After the intervention, miR-221-3p expression decreased in all subjects with a significant difference in the change within groups. However, changes in miR-126-3p levels were not significant. The expression of miR-221-3p was positively correlated with body weight, BMI and waist circumference, and negatively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis evidenced that miR-221-3p participates in several obesity-related pathways, and more interestingly, this miRNA targets several candidate genes to childhood obesity according to DisGeNet database. Thus, miR-221-3p could be used for predicting the response to a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss in young girls.
  • Autores: Schrader, S. ; Perfilyev, A. ; Ahlqvist, E. ; et al.
    Revista: DIABETES CARE
    ISSN: 0149-5992 Vol.45 N° 7 2022 págs. 1621 - 1630
    Resumen
    Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was recently reclassified into severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD), which have different risk of complications. We explored whether DNA methylation differs between these subgroups and whether subgroup-unique methylation risk scores (MRSs) predict diabetic complications. Research design and methods: Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in blood from subjects with newly diagnosed T2D in discovery and replication cohorts. Subgroup-unique MRSs were built, including top subgroup-unique DNA methylation sites. Regression models examined whether MRSs associated with subgroups and future complications. Results: We found epigenetic differences between the T2D subgroups. Subgroup-unique MRSs were significantly different in those patients allocated to each respective subgroup compared with the combined group of all other subgroups. These associations were validated in an independent replication cohort, showing that subgroup-unique MRSs associate with individual subgroups (odds ratios 1.6-6.1 per 1-SD increase, P < 0.01). Subgroup-unique MRSs were also associated with future complications. Higher MOD-MRS was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65, P = 0.001) and renal (HR 0.50, P < 0.001) disease, whereas higher SIRD-MRS and MARD-MRS were associated with an increased risk of these complications (HR 1.4-1.9 per 1-SD increase, P < 0.01). Of 95 methylation sites included in subgroup-unique MRSs, 39 were annotated to genes previously linked to diabetes-related traits, including TXNIP and ELOVL2. Methylation in the blood of 18 subgroup-unique sites mirrors epigenetic patterns in tissues relevant for T2D, muscle and adipose tissue. Conclusions: We identified differential epigenetic patterns between T2D subgroups that associated with future diabetic complications. These data support a reclassification of diabetes and the need for precision medicine in T2D subgroups.
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Catalan Lamban, Ana; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.95 N° Supl. 2 2022 págs. 236
  • Autores: García Calzón, Sonia; Schrader, S.; Perfilyev, A.; et al.
    Revista: DIABETOLOGIA
    ISSN: 0012-186X Vol.65 N° SUPPL 1 2022 págs. S183 - S183
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina (Autor de correspondencia)
    Revista: GENES
    ISSN: 2073-4425 Vol.12 N° 6 2021 págs. 946
    Resumen
    Obesity is a chronic disease, which needs to be early detected early and treated in order prevent its complications. Changes in telomere length (TL) have been associated with obesity and its complications, such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize results of studies that have measured TL in children and adolescents with obesity. Fourteen studies aiming to assess TL in pediatric patients with either obesity or who were overweight were included in this review. In conclusion, obesity and adiposity parameters are negatively associated with TL. Shorter telomeres are observed in children with obesity compared with their lean counterparts. Factors involved in obesity etiology, such as diet and physical activity, may contribute to maintenance of TL integrity. In the long term, TL change could be used as a biomarker to predict response to obesity treatment.
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia); Arrúe Ishiyama, S. A.
    Revista: ANALES DE LA REAL ACADEMIA DE FARMACIA
    ISSN: 0034-0618 Vol.87 N° 3 2021 págs. 339 - 350
    Resumen
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. An unhealthy diet, among other risk factors, can be involved in the development of the disease. This type of diet is usually characterized by being low in unprocessed foods (fruits, vegetables, etc.) and high in ultra-processed foods (UPFs). It has been suggested that a high consumption of UPFs could be related to the development of CVD. However, as UPFs are a broad group in which multiple foods with different compositions coexist, it is not only difficult but also a generalization to draw a conclusion about their possible association. The present systematic review studies the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and the risk of CVD. A systematic review was performed in the PubMed database. PRISMA criteria were applied to identify articles that met the following criteria: studies performed in humans, in English or Spanish, and be original articles, excluding meta-analyses and reviews. The search was performed using the terms ¿Ultra-processed food¿ or ¿Fast food¿ and ¿Cardiovascular disease¿ or ¿Cardiovascular risk factor¿, with a total of 10 articles included: 4 prospective cohort studies, 4 cross-sectional studies and 2 modeling studies. An association between the consumption of UPFs and CVD was found in all the studies analyzed. However, there are limitations with respect to the use of different food classification systems according to the degree of processing. This systematic review concludes that more studies are needed to establish with greater evidence the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and risk of CVD.
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia); Calvo, C.; Martínez, A.
    Revista: NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
    ISSN: 0212-1611 Vol.38 N° 1 2021 págs. 177 - 185
    Resumen
    Resumen Introducción y objetivo: cada vez son más numerosos los estudios que relacionan el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados con la prevalencia de la obesidad. Esta clase de alimentos se caracteriza porque aportan gran cantidad de azúcares libres y grasas saturadas, lo que contribuye a aumentar la ingesta energética. En las últimas décadas, el consumo de estos alimentos ha aumentado hasta el punto de convertirse en una importante fuente de energía diaria en algunas poblaciones. De esta manera se desplazan los alimentos ricos en fibra, hidratos de carbono complejos y grasas beneficiosas para la salud que pertenecen a los patrones de alimentación saludables. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue recopilar la información existente en la literatura sobre la relación entre alimentos ultraprocesados y obesidad. Material y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática en la base de datos PubMed. Se siguieron los criterios PRISMA para identificar los artículos publicados desde el año 2000 hasta abril de 2020 que cumplían los siguientes criterios: eran artículos originales (en inglés o español), realizados en sujetos humanos y excluyendo a mujeres embarazadas. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando los términos "Ultra-processed food and obesity" y "ultra-processed food and overweight", de manera que se incluyeron un total de 12 artículos: 7 estudios transversales, 3 estudios prospectivos de cohortes y 2 estudios ecológicos. Resultados: se encontró una asociación positiva entre el consumo de ultraprocesados y la obesidad en 9 de los 12 artículos incluidos en la revisión. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones con respecto a la heterogeneidad de las metodologías de los diversos estudios o la utilización de distintos sistemas de clasificación de alimentos en función del grado de procesamiento. Conclusión: es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan establecer con mayor evidencia la relación entre el consumo de ultraprocesados y la prevalencia e incidencia de la obesidad.
  • Autores: da Silva Tabuyo, I.; Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia)
    Revista: REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE DROGODEPENDENCIAS
    ISSN: 0213-7615 Vol.46 N° 4 2021 págs. 14 - 28
    Resumen
    El alcohol es una de las drogas más consumidas en la sociedad y su consumo supone un riesgo tanto para la salud física como mental. Los efectos se hacen aún más evidentes en los consumidores adolescentes, ya que el cerebro continúa aún inmaduro durante esta etapa de la vida. El objeto del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática del efecto del consumo de alcohol por atracones, más conocido como ¿ Binge drinking¿, en el cerebro adolescente. Como resultado principal se ha encontrado que este patrón de consumo está asociado a un peor desempeño en tareas psicológicas, una menor actividad cerebral y una desviación en el desarrollo normal del cerebro. Además, se han detectado diferencias iniciales entre los controles y futuros bebedores, que podrían servir como marcadores de riesgo potencial para el consumo futuro de alcohol o desarrollo de trastornos por consumo de alcohol.
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia); Martínez Fernández, María Isabel; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; et al.
    Revista: NUTRIENTS
    ISSN: 2072-6643 Vol.13 N° 2 2021 págs. 289
    Resumen
    Elevated circulating plasma levels of both lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and chemerin are reported in patients with obesity, but few studies are available on lifestyle intervention programs. We investigated the association of both LBP and chemerin plasma levels with metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes in a lifestyle intervention in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity Methods: Twenty-nine patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial were selected. The lifestyle intervention with a 2-month intensive phase and a subsequent 10-month follow-up consisted of a moderate calorie-restricted diet, recommendations to increase physical activity levels, and nutritional education. Results: Weight loss was accompanied by a significant reduction in MetS prevalence (-43%; p = 0.009). Chemerin (p = 0.029) and LBP (p = 0.033) plasma levels were significantly reduced at 2 months and 12 months, respectively. At the end of intervention, MetS components were associated with both LBP (p = 0.017) and chemerin (p < 0.001) plasma levels. Conclusions: We describe for the first time a reduction in both LBP and chemerin plasma levels and its association with MetS risk factors after a lifestyle intervention program in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. Therefore, LBP and chemerin plasma levels could be used as biomarkers for the progression of cardiovascular risk in pediatric populations.
  • Autores: Jonsson, J. (Autor de correspondencia); Renault, K. M. ; García Calzón, Sonia; et al.
    Revista: DIABETES
    ISSN: 0012-1797 Vol.70 N° 4 2021 págs. 854 - 866
    Resumen
    Maternal obesity may lead to epigenetic alterations in the offspring and might thereby contribute to disease later in life. We investigated whether a lifestyle intervention in pregnant women with obesity is associated with epigenetic variation in cord blood and body composition in the offspring. Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in cord blood from 208 offspring from the Treatment of Obese Pregnant women (TOP)-study, which includes pregnant women with obesity randomized to lifestyle interventions comprised of physical activity with or without dietary advice versus control subjects (standard of care). DNA methylation was altered at 379 sites, annotated to 370 genes, in cord blood from offspring of mothers following a lifestyle intervention versus control subjects (false discovery rate [FDR] <5%) when using the Houseman reference-free method to correct for cell composition, and three of these sites were significant based on Bonferroni correction. These 370 genes are overrepresented in gene ontology terms, including response to fatty acids and adipose tissue development. Offspring of mothers included in a lifestyle intervention were born with more lean mass compared with control subjects. Methylation at 17 sites, annotated to, for example, DISC1, GBX2, HERC2, and HUWE1, partially mediates the effect of the lifestyle intervention on lean mass in the offspring (FDR <5%). Moreover, 22 methylation sites were associated with offspring BMI z scores during the first 3 years of life (P < 0.05). Overall, lifestyle interventions in pregnant women with obesity are associated with epigenetic changes in offspring, potentially influencing the offspring's lean mass and early growth.
  • Autores: Schrader, S.; Perfilyev, A.; Martinell, M.; et al.
    Revista: EPIGENOMICS
    ISSN: 1750-1911 Vol.13 N° 12 2021 págs. 919 - 925
    Resumen
    Aim: Statins lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the exact mechanisms of statins remain unknown. We investigated whether statin therapy associates with epigenetics in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Materials & methods: DNA methylation was analyzed in blood from newly diagnosed T2D patients in All New Diabetics in Scania (ANDIS) and a replication cohort All New Diabetics in Uppsala County (ANDiU). Results: Seventy-nine sites were differentially methylated between cases on statins and controls (false discovery rate <5%) in ANDIS. These include previously statin-associated methylation sites annotated to DHCR24 (cg17901584), ABCG1 (cg27243685) and SC4MOL (cg05119988). Differential methylation of two sites related to cholesterol biosynthesis and immune response, cg17901584 (DHCR24) and cg23011663 (ARIH2), were replicated in ANDiU. Conclusion: Statin therapy associates with epigenetic modifications in T2D patients.
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Morell Azanza, Lydia; Martín Calvo, Nerea; et al.
    Revista: APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM- PHYSIOLOGIE APPLIQUEE NUTRITION ET METABOLISME
    ISSN: 1715-5312 Vol.46 N° 3 2021 págs. 205 - 212
    Resumen
    The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity (PA) changes, measured by accelerometry, on telomere length (TL) in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twenty-one children (7-16 years old) with abdominal obesity were randomized to the intervention (a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or the usual care group (standard pediatric recommendations) for 22 months (a 2 month intensive phase and a subsequent 20 month follow-up). Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra 200 min/week of PA. TL was measured by MMqPCR. Data were analyzed in 102 subjects after 2 months and 64 subjects at the first 10 months of follow-up. Light PA level decreased in both groups after 12 months of intervention. At month 2, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) increased in the intervention group (+5.4 min/day, p = 0.035) and so did sedentary time in the usual care group (+49.7 min/day, p = 0.010). TL changes were positively associated (p < 0.050) with metabolic equivalents (METs), MVPA level, and number of steps, and were inversely associated with sedentary and light PA levels in the intervention group after the intensive phase. In conclusion, favourable changes in PA levels in the intensive phase of a lifestyle intervention could contribute to TL maintenance in a pediatric population with abdominal obesity. Novelty Changes in physical activity levels had a direct effect on telomere length, a biomarker of cellular aging and oxidative stress. PA advice based on The American College of Sports Medicine included in this intervention is easy to implement in primary care.
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Zazpe García, Itzíar (Autor de correspondencia); Alonso Pedrero, Lucia; et al.
    Revista: BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
    ISSN: 0007-1145 Vol.126 N° 4 2021 págs. 531 - 540
    Resumen
    Telomere integrity is influenced by oxidative stress. Also, inflammation-related factors, including nutritional factors, could modulate telomere integrity. The relationship between a posteriori-derived dietary patterns and telomere length (TL) has been scarcely investigated. Thus, our objective was to examine the association between empirically derived dietary patterns ascertained through principal component analysis (PCA) and TL in an older adult Spanish population. A total of 886 older adults (>55 years old; 645 males and 241 females) from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort were included in the study. TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. Age-adjusted TL was used for all analyses. Dietary patterns were identified by PCA based on thirty predefined candidate food groups collected from a validated 136-food items frequency questionnaire. Generalised linear models were fitted to obtain ß-coefficients and their 95 % CI evaluating differences in TL between each of the four upper quintiles of adherence to dietary patterns and the lowest quintile. Sensitivity analyses by rerunning all multiple linear models under different stratifications were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results. Two major dietary patterns were empirically identified, Western dietary pattern (WDP) and Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). After adjustment for potential confounders, longer TL was found among subjects in the highest quintile of MDP (ß = 0·064; 95 % CI 0·004, 0·123). The WDP showed no significant association with TL. In conclusion, higher adherence to a posteriori-derived MDP was independently associated with longer telomeres in an older adult Spanish population of the SUN project.
  • Autores: Catalan Lamban, Ana; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Gea Sánchez, Alfredo; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.94 N° Supl. 1 2021 págs. 282 - 282
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Morell Azanza, Lydia; Leon Falconi, Jose Luis; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.94 N° Supl. 1 2021 págs. 279 - 279
  • Autores: Medina Junquera, Irene Teresa; Caballero Aldunate, Maider; Beneto Alducin, Almudena; et al.
    Revista: BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD VASCO-NAVARRA DE PEDIATRIA
    ISSN: 0037-8658 Vol.52 N° 121 2020 págs. 73 - 75
  • Autores: López Iracheta, Roberto; Patiño García, Ana; Caballero Aldunate, Maider; et al.
    Revista: BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD VASCO-NAVARRA DE PEDIATRIA
    ISSN: 0037-8658 Vol.52 N° 1 2020 págs. 79 - 81
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Morell Azanza, Lydia; Zalba Goñi, Guillermo; et al.
    Revista: PEDIATRIC OBESITY
    ISSN: 2047-6310 Vol.15 N° 11 2020 págs. e12661
    Resumen
    Background Dietary factors seem to influence telomere length. Moreover, associations between changes in adiposity indices and telomere length (TL) have been found in intervention studies. Objective We evaluated changes in two diet quality indices and their association with TL in children with abdominal obesity in a 12-month lifestyle intervention. Methods Eighty-seven participants (7-16 years old) were assigned to the intervention (moderate hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or usual care group (standard paediatric recommendations) for a 2-month intensive phase and a subsequent 10-month follow-up. Diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) and the Healthy Lifestyle Diet Index (HLD-I). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. The intra-class correlation coefficient for TL was 0.793 (95% CI 0.707, 0.857). Results After a 12-month lifestyle intervention, a significant reduction in BMI-SDS (-0.57 and -0.49 for the intervention and usual care groups, respectively) and fat mass was observed in all subjects without differences between groups. Changes in DQI-A (+12.36% vs +5.53%,P= .005) and HLD-I (+4.43 vs +1.09,P < .001) were higher in the intervention subjects compared with usual care subjects after 2 months. Interestingly, we observed a positive change in TL between 2 and 12 months (P= .025), which was associated with higher scores on the DQI-A (beta= 0.008,R-2= 0.088,P= .010) and HLD-I (beta= 0.022,R-2= 0.198,P= .015), in the intervention group after the 2-month intensive phase. Conclusion Favourable changes in diet quality indices could contribute to telomere integrity in children with abdominal obesity enrolled in an intensive lifestyle intervention.
  • Autores: Canudas, Silvia (Autor de correspondencia); Becerra Tomás, Nerea; Hernández Alonso, Pablo (Autor de correspondencia); et al.
    Revista: ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
    ISSN: 2161-8313 Vol.11 N° 6 2020 págs. 1544 - 1554
    Resumen
    Accelerated telomere shortening has been associated with several age-related diseases and/or decreased lifespan in humans. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered to be 1 of the most recognized diets for disease prevention and healthy aging, partially due to its demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties which may impact on telomere length (TL). The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the associations between MedDiet adherence and TL maintenance. MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to December 2018 for studies evaluating the association between MedDiet adherence and TL in blood cells. Two reviewers, working independently, screened all titles and abstracts to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria [cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English and excluded nonoriginal articles]. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using the random effects model and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was identified using the Cochran Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. A total of 8 original cross-sectional studies were included for the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total of 13,733 participants from 5 countries. A positive association between adherence to the MedDiet and TL was observed in all meta-analyses, with the exception of those conducted only in men: SMD (95% CI) of 0.130 (0.029; 0.231) for all subjects, 0.078 (0.005; 0.152) for women, and 0.095 (-0.005; 0.195) for men. Only 1 prospective cohort study and 1 RCT were identified, therefore, we could not undertake a meta-analysis for these study designs. The present meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrates that higher MedDiet adherence is associated with longer TL. At the same time, larger and high-quality prospective studies and clinical trials are warranted to confirm this association.
  • Autores: Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; et al.
    Revista: NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
    ISSN: 0939-4753 Vol.30 N° 4 2020 págs. 694 - 700
    Resumen
    In lifestyle intervention studies, we demonstrated that changes in telomere length (TL) were associated with changes in anthropometric indices. Therefore, our new hypothesis is that TL could be a predictor of changes in anthropometric or metabolic measures in children with abdominal obesity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anthropometric and biochemical measurements with TL before and after an 8-week lifestyle intervention in children with abdominal obesity (7-16 years old). We assessed anthropometric and biochemical outcomes at baseline and after 8-week lifestyle intervention in 106 children with abdominal obesity (11.30 ± 2.49 years old, 63% girls). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. After the lifestyle intervention, anthropometric parameters and glucose metabolism indicators significantly improved in the participants. TL did not change after the intervention in participants. Significant negative correlations between baseline TL and anthropometric measures (BMI, body weight and waist circumference) were observed. Furthermore, baseline TL was a predictor for changes in blood glucose levels after the lifestyle intervention. An inverse correlation between TL and obesity traits was observed in children with abdominal obesity. Interestingly, we found that baseline TL could predict changes in blood glucose levels.
  • Autores: Cebrian Nebot, Carolina del Lidon; López Iracheta, Roberto; Macías Mojón, María; et al.
    Revista: BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD VASCO-NAVARRA DE PEDIATRIA
    ISSN: 0037-8658 Vol.52 N° 121 2020 págs. 76 - 78
  • Autores: Alonso Pedrero, Lucia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Martínez González, Miguel Ángel; et al.
    Revista: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
    ISSN: 0002-9165 Vol.111 N° 6 2020 págs. 1259 - 1266
    Resumen
    Background: Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological age that may be affected by dietary factors through oxidation and inflammation mechanisms. In addition, ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increasedworldwide and it has been associated with the risk of developing several diseases. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of having short telomeres in an elderly population of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 886 participants (645 men and 241 women) aged 57-91 y recruited from the SUN Project (Spain, 1999-2018). TL was measured from saliva samples by real-time qPCR at baseline and UPF consumption was collected using a validated 136-item FFQ and classified according to the NOVA system. We evaluated the association between consumption of energy-adjusted UPF categorized into quartiles (low, medium-low, medium-high, and high consumption) and the risk of having short telomeres (<20th percentile) using logistic regression models. Results: Those participants with the highest UPF consumption had almost twice the odds of having short telomeres compared with those with the lowest consumption (adjusted OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.22; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions: A higher consumption of UPF (>3 servings/d) was associated with higher risk of having shorter telomeres in an elderly Spanish population of the SUN Project.
  • Autores: García Calzón, Sonia (Autor de correspondencia); Perfilyev, A.; Martinell, M.; et al.
    Revista: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
    ISSN: 1946-6234 Vol.12 N° 561 2020 págs. eaaz1803
    Resumen
    Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, many patients with T2D do not respond to or tolerate metformin well. Currently, there are no phenotypes that successfully predict glycemic response to, or tolerance of, metformin. We explored whether blood-based epigenetic markers could discriminate metformin response and tolerance by analyzing genome-wide DNA methylation in drug-naive patients with T2D at the time of their diagnosis. DNA methylation of 11 and 4 sites differed between glycemic responders/nonresponders and metformin-tolerant/intolerant patients, respectively, in discovery and replication cohorts. Greater methylation at these sites associated with a higher risk of not responding to or not tolerating metformin with odds ratios between 1.43 and 3.09 per 1-SD methylation increase. Methylation risk scores (MRSs) of the 11 identified sites differed between glycemic responders and nonresponders with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.80 to 0.98. MRSs of the 4 sites associated with future metformin intolerance generated AUCs of 0.85 to 0.93. Some of these blood-based methylation markers mirrored the epigenetic pattern in adipose tissue, a key tissue in diabetes pathogenesis, and genes to which these markers were annotated to had biological functions in hepatocytes that altered metformin-related phenotypes. Overall, we could discriminate between glycemic responders/nonresponders and participants tolerant/intolerant to metformin at diagnosis by measuring blood-based epigenetic markers in drug-naive patients with T2D. This epigenetics-based tool may be further developed to help patients with T2D receive optimal therapy.
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia); Fortique, F.
    Revista: NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
    ISSN: 0212-1611 Vol.36 N° 4 2019 págs. 939 - 949
    Resumen
    In a growing elderly population, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age related cognitive decline (ARCD) are increasing in prevalence worldwide. In the search for food compounds able to ameliorate this condition, it has been postulated that n-3 Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), also known as omega-3, consumption could have a positive effect in the prevention or therapy of these cognitive declines. However, there are contradictory findings in the literature concerning the effects of n-3 LCPUFA on cognitive decline making it difficult to draw a conclusion on this topic. This current systematic review studies the relationship between n-3 LCPUFAs and cognitive status in aged adult and elder populations to determine whether there is or not a positive effect of n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation on cognitive decline. Additionally, we remark how duration periods, different cognitive baseline status in subjects, dosage of n-3 LCPUFAs administration and the presence of other factors might be related to different outcomes. A search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related with the relationship between cognitive impairment and n-3 LCPUFA (docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid or combined) supplementation was conducted through PubMed database from January 2010 to December 2017 following the PRISMA statement. Interventional studies which included aged adults or elder subjects with or without MCI and with no previous intake of fish oil supplements (FOS) were included. Ten out of the fourteen RCTs reviewed showed positive outcome on at least one domain of cognitive function (working memory, executive function, verbal memory, short-term memory, perceptual speed, etc.). This systematic review concludes that omega-3 supplementation might have a positive effect on cognitive function. Thus, n-3 LCPUFAs could be used as a preventive or therapeutic tool for cognitive decline in aged or elder adults.
  • Autores: Alonso Pedrero, Lucia; Bes Rastrollo, Maira; Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia)
    Revista: OBESITY REVIEWS
    ISSN: 1467-7881 Vol.20 N° 12 2019 págs. 1680 - 1690
    Resumen
    Weight gain is an adverse effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics. This side effect can lead to numerous comorbidities and reduces life expectancy. The use of these drugs is increasing worldwide, and the weight gain produced by them represents a common clinical challenge. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the potential association of antidepressant and antipsychotic therapy with body weight gain in cohort studies. A search of cohort studies investigating the association between weight gain and the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics in individuals was conducted through the PubMed database from 1 January 2008 to 31 January 2019 following the PRISMA statement. We found 27 independent eligible cohort studies that included children (2-18 years old) and adult (18-103 years old) subjects. Most of the included studies showed a 5% weight gain in individuals using antidepressant therapy. However, Quetiapine, Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine, Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, and Clozapine increased body weight >= 7% from baseline, which is considered a clinically significant result. Weight loss was found in individuals treated with Bupropion. Further cohort studies with higher sample sizes and longer durations of treatment are needed to confirm our observations.
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Autor de correspondencia)
    Revista: NUTRIENTS
    ISSN: 2072-6643 Vol.11 N° 8 2019 págs. 1902
  • Autores: Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Giuranna, J.; et al.
    Revista: NUTRIENTS
    ISSN: 2072-6643 Vol.11 N° 5 2019 págs. 960
    Resumen
    Mutations leading to a reduced function of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) exert a major gene effect on extreme obesity. Recently it was shown that the bone derived hormone lipocalin 2 (LCN2) binds to the MC4R and activates a MC4R dependent anorexigenic pathway. We identified mutations in both genes and screened the effects of MC4R and LCN2 mutations on eating behavior and weight change after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twelve children (11.24 +/- 2.6 years, BMI-SDS 2.91 +/- 1.07) with abdominal obesity participated in a lifestyle intervention. MC4R and LCN2 coding regions were screened by Sanger sequencing. Eating behavior was assessed at baseline with the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). We detected three previously described non-synonymous MC4R variants (Glu42Lys, Thr150Ile, and Arg305Gln) and one non-synonymous polymorphism (Ile251Leu). Regarding LCN2, one known non-synonymous variant (Thr124Met) was detected. Eating behavior was described in carriers of the MC4R and LCN2 mutation and in non-carriers. MC4R and LCN2 mutations were detected in 2.42% and 0.84%, respectively, of Spanish children with abdominal obesity. A number of subjects with functional mutation variants in MC4R and LCN2 were able to achieve a reduction in BMI-SDS after a lifestyle intervention.
  • Autores: Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Ochotorena Elicegui, Amaia; et al.
    Revista: BMC PEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1471-2431 Vol.19 2019 págs. 90
    Resumen
    BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is associated with changes in body composition that affect insulin sensitivity and leptin levels. Few studies have assessed the effect of lifestyle interventions on changes in objectively measured PA levels in obese children. To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters and accelerometer measured PA in abdominal obese children.MethodsA randomized control trial was performed in 106 children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to usual or intensive care group for 8-week. PA was measured by accelerometry over four days including, at least, two weekdays in all participants. Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra time of 200min per week in their PA.ResultsAt baseline, 75% of subjects do not fulfill the WHO recommendation of being more than 60min/day on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The intensive care group achieved a significant reduction in anthropometric indexes compared to the usual care but no significant change was found in biochemical or PA parameters. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in light PA. Interestingly, intensive care participants significantly increased MVPA in 5.5min/day. Moreover, an inverse association between changes in MVPA and leptin levels was found.ConclusionThe two lifestyle intervention reduced anthropometric indexes and lowered light PA in abdominal obese children. No significant differences were observed between intensive care and usual care in regard to PA. Intensive care participants significantly increase physical activity (MVPA) and, changes in MVPA were inversely associated with changes in leptin levels after the intervention.
  • Autores: Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Ochotorena Elicegui, Amaia; et al.
    Revista: BMC PEDIATRIC
    ISSN: 1471-2431 Vol.19 N° 1 2019 págs. 90
    Resumen
    Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with changes in body composition that affect insulin sensitivity and leptin levels. Few studies have assessed the effect of lifestyle interventions on changes in objectively measured PA levels in obese children. To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters and accelerometer measured PA in abdominal obese children. Methods: A randomized control trial was performed in 106 children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to usual or intensive care group for 8-week. PA was measured by accelerometry over four days including, at least, two weekdays in all participants. Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra time of 200 min per week in their PA. Results: At baseline, 75% of subjects do not fulfill the WHO recommendation of being more than 60 min/day on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The intensive care group achieved a significant reduction in anthropometric indexes compared to the usual care but no significant change was found in biochemical or PA parameters. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in light PA. Interestingly, intensive care participants significantly increased MVPA in 5.5 min/day. Moreover, an inverse association between changes in MVPA and leptin levels was found. Conclusion: The two lifestyle intervention reduced anthropometric indexes and lowered light PA in abdominal obese children. No significant differences were observed between intensive care and usual care in regard to PA. Intensive care participants significantly increase physical activity (MVPA) and, changes in MVPA were inversely associated with changes in leptin levels after the intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , Identifier: NCT03147261 . Registered 10 May 2017. Retrospectively registered.
  • Autores: Canudas, S. (Autor de correspondencia); Hernandez-Alonso, P.; Galie, S.; et al.
    Revista: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
    ISSN: 0002-9165 Vol.109 N° 6 2019 págs. 1738 - 1745
    Resumen
    Background: Telomere attrition may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D), increasing the probability of beta cell senescence and leading to reduced cell mass and decreased insulin secretion. Nutrition and lifestyle are known factors modulating the aging process and insulin resistance/secretion, determining the risk of T2D. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pistachio intake on telomere length and other cellular aging-related parameters of glucose and insulin metabolism. Methods: Forty-nine prediabetic subjects were included in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Subjects consumed a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD, 50 E% [energy percentage] carbohydrates and 33 E% fat, including 57 g pistachios/d) and an isocaloric control diet (CD, 55 E% carbohydrates and 30 E% fat) for 4 mo each, separated by a 2-wk washout period. DNA oxidation was evaluated by DNA damage (via 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine). Leucocyte telomere length and gene expression related to either oxidation, telomere maintenance or glucose, and insulin metabolism were analyzed by multiplexed quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction after the dietary intervention. Results: Compared with the CD, the PD reduced oxidative damage to DNA (mean: -3.5%; 95% CI: -8.07%, 1.05%; P = 0.009). Gene expression of 2 telomere-related genes (TERT and WRAP53) was significantly upregulated (164% and 53%) after the PD compared with the CD (P = 0.043 and P = 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, changes in TERT expression were negatively correlated to changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations and in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusions: Chronic pistachio consumption reduces oxidative damage to DNA and increases the gene expression of some telomere-associated genes. Lessening oxidative damage to DNA and telomerase expression through diet may represent an intriguing way to promote healthspan in humans, reversing certain deleterious metabolic consequences of prediabetes.
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Zazpe García, Itzíar; Morell Azanza, Lydia; et al.
    Revista: OBESITY FACTS
    ISSN: 1662-4025 Vol.12 N° Supl. 1 2019 págs. 112
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Catalan Lamban, Ana; Morell Azanza, Lydia; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.91 N° Supl. 1 2019 págs. 223 - 223
  • Autores: Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Zalba Goñi, Guillermo; et al.
    Revista: OBESITY FACTS
    ISSN: 1662-4025 Vol.12 N° Supl. 1 2019 págs. 56
  • Autores: Guerendiain, M.; Montes, R.; Lopez-Belmonte, G.; et al.
    Revista: CLINICAL NUTRITION
    ISSN: 0261-5614 Vol.37 N° 1 2018 págs. 149 - 156
    Resumen
    Background & aims: In recent years, obesity has reached alarming levels among children and adolescents. The study of plasma fatty acid (FA) composition, as a reflection of diet, and its associations with other parameters, that are closely linked to obesity and the cardiometabolic profile, may be useful for setting nutritional goals for obesity treatment and prevention. This study explored the relationship between plasma FA levels and body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers, in overweight adolescents. Methods: A multidisciplinary weight loss program was followed by 127 overweight and obese adolescents aged 12-17 years old. Plasma FA composition, anthropometric indicators of adiposity and biochemical parameters were analyzed at baseline, two months (the end of the intensive intervention phase) and six months (the end of the extensive phase). Results: While saturated fatty acid (SFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels decreased significantly during the intervention, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and n-3 PUFA showed the opposite trend. The decrease in SFA C14:0 was associated with a reduction in total and LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and insulin. The increase in MUFAs, especially C18:1n-9, was related to a reduction in weight, fat mass, fat mass index and glucose. Regarding PUFAs, changes in the n-3 series were not associated with any of the parameters studied, whereas the reduction in n-6 PUFA5 was directly related to weight, fat mass, total and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein Al, glucose and insulin, and inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure. The adolescents with greater weight loss presented significant changes in MUFAs, n-6 PUFA5 and C14:0. Conclusions: Modifications in plasma FA composition were associated with adiposity reduction and cardiometabolic profile improvement in an anti-obesity program aimed at adolescents. The changes observed in FA composition were related to the success of the treatment, since the individuals most affected by these variations were those who presented the greatest weight loss. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Zazpe García, Itzíar; Morell Azanza, Lydia; et al.
    Revista: NUTRIENTS
    ISSN: 2072-6643 Vol.10 N° 10 2018 págs. 1500
    Resumen
    High rates of childhood obesity require integral treatment with lifestyle modifications that achieve weight loss. We evaluated a lifestyle intervention on nutrient adequacy and diet quality in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. A randomized controlled trial was performed on 107 participants, assigned either to a usual care group or to an intensive care group that followed a moderate hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and received nutritional education. Intake adequacy was evaluated using Dietary Reference Intakes and diet quality through the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A), the Healthy Lifestyle Diet-Index (HLD-I) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). Both groups achieved a significant reduction in BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), glucose and total cholesterol levels. Intake of Calcium, Iodine and vitamin D were higher in the intensive care group, with enhanced compliance with recommendations. Higher dietary scores were associated with lower micronutrient inadequacy. DQI-A and HLD-I were significantly higher in the intensive care group vs. usual care group after the treatment. In conclusion, we observed that an intensive lifestyle intervention was able to reduce BMI-SDS in children with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, participants significantly improved dietary indices getting closer to the nutritional recommendations. Therefore, these diet quality indices could be a valid indicator to evaluate micronutrient adequacy.
  • Autores: Guerro-Fernandez, J.; Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Barreiro Conde, J.; et al.
    Revista: ANALES DE PEDIATRIA
    ISSN: 1695-4033 Vol.89 N° 5 2018 págs. 315.e1 - 315.e19
    Resumen
    Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) include a wide range of anomalies among the chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic (genital) characteristics that define sexual differentiation. At present, a definition as Different Sexual Development (DSD) is currently preferred. They originate in the pre-natal stage, are classified according to the sex chromosomes present in the karyotype. The known genetic causes are numerous and heterogeneous, although, in some cases, they may be secondary to maternal factors and/or exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The diagnosis and treatment of DSD always requires multidisciplinary medical and psychosocial care. An aetiological diagnosis needs the interaction of clinical, biochemical (hormonal), genetic, imaging and, sometimes, surgical examinations. The treatment should deal with sex assignment, the possible need for hormone replacement therapy (adrenal if adrenal function is impaired, and with sex steroids from pubertal age if gonadal function is impaired), as well as the need for surgery on genital structures (currently deferred when possible) and/or on gonads (depending on the risk of malignancy), the need of psychosocial support and, finally, an adequate organisation of the transition to adult medical specialties. Patient Support Groups have a fundamental role in the support of families, as well as the interaction with professional and social media. The use of Registries and the collaboration between professionals in Working Groups
  • Autores: Guerrero-Fernández, J.; Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Barreiro Conde, J.; et al.
    Revista: ANALES DE PEDIATRIA
    ISSN: 1695-4033 Vol.89 N° 5 2018 págs. 315.e1 - 315.e19
    Resumen
    Las anomalías de la diferenciación sexual (ADS) engloban un amplio espectro de discordancias entre los criterios cromosómico, gonadal y fenotípico (genital) que definen la diferenciación sexual; actualmente, se aboga por la denominación de «desarrollo sexual diferente» (DSD). Su origen es congénito; se clasifican en función de los cromosomas sexuales presentes en el cariotipo; las causas genéticas conocidas son muy diversas y heterogéneas, aunque algunos casos pueden ser secundarios a factores maternos o medioambientales. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento requieren siempre una atención médica y psicosocial multidisciplinar. El diagnóstico etiológico precisa la interacción entre las exploraciones clínicas, bioquímicas (hormonales), genéticas, de imagen y, eventualmente, quirúrgicas. El tratamiento debe abordar la asignación de género, la posible necesidad de tratamiento hormonal substitutivo (suprarrenal si hay insuficiencia suprarrenal y con esteroides sexuales si hay insuficiencia gonadal a partir de la edad puberal), la necesidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas sobre las estructuras genitales (actualmente se tiende a diferirlas) y/o sobre las gónadas (en función de los riesgos de malignización), la necesidad de apoyo psicosocial y, finalmente, una adecuada programación de la transición a la atención médica en las especialidades de adultos. Las asociaciones de personas afectadas tienen un papel fundamental en el apoyo a familias y la interacción con los medios profesionales y sociales. La utilización de Registros y la colaboración entre profesionales en Grupos de Trabajo de sociedades médicas nacionales e internacionales es fundamental para avanzar en mejorar los medios diagnósticos y terapéuticos que precisan los DSD.
  • Autores: Gielen, M. (Autor de correspondencia); Hageman, GJ.; Antoniou, EE.; et al.
    Revista: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
    ISSN: 0002-9165 Vol.108 N° 3 2018 págs. 453 - 475
    Resumen
    Even before the onset of age-related diseases, obesity might be a contributing factor to the cumulative burden of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation throughout the life course. Obesity may therefore contribute to accelerated shortening of telomeres. Consequently, obese persons are more likely to have shorter telomeres, but the association between body mass index (BMI) and leukocyte telomere length (TL) might differ across the life span and between ethnicities and sexes. Objective: A collaborative cross-sectionalmeta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate the associations between BMI and TL across the life span. Design: Eighty-seven distinct study samples were included in the meta-analysis capturing data from 146,114 individuals. Study-specific age-and sex-adjusted regression coefficients were combined by using a random-effects model in which absolute [base pairs (bp)] and relative telomere to single-copy gene ratio (T/S ratio) TLs were regressed against BMI. Stratified analysis was performed by 3 age categories ("young": 18-60 y; "middle": 61-75 y; and "old": > 75 y), sex, and ethnicity.
  • Autores: De Miguel-Etayo, P.; Moreno, L. A.; Santabárbara, J.; et al.
    Revista: CLINICAL NUTRITION
    ISSN: 0261-5614 Vol.38 N° 2 2018 págs. 782 - 790
    Resumen
    Background & aim: A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual's dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. Methods: To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13¿16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents¿ compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. Results: Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen's d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. Conclusions: We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support.
  • Autores: Álvarez Zallo, Noelia (Autor de correspondencia); Aguinaga-Ontoso, I. ; Alvarez-Alvarez, I. ; et al.
    Revista: ALLERGOLOGIA ET IMMUNOPATHOLOGIA
    ISSN: 0301-0546 Vol.46 N° 1 2018 págs. 9 - 14
    Resumen
    Background: This study examined the relationship between different food groups and the adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the risk of wheezing and eczema in children aged 12-15 months. Methods: The study involves 1087 Spanish infants from the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). The study of the association of the different food consumption and Mediterranean diet with wheezing, recurrent wheezing and eczema was performed using different models of unconditional logistic regression to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: No association was found between a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the development of wheezing (p= 0.372), recurrent wheezing (p= 0.118) and eczema (p= 0.315). The consumption once or twice a week of white fish (OR: 1.95[1.01-3.75]), cooked potatoes (OR: 1.75[1.22-2.51]) and industrial pastry (OR: 1.59[1.13-2.24]), and the consumption more than three times a week of industrial pastry (OR: 1.47 [1.01-2.13]) during pregnancy increases the risk of "wheezing" at 12 months. Instead, high fruit consumption during the pregnancy has a protective effect against "wheezing" in 12-month-old infants (OR: 0.44 [0.20-0.99]). No statistically significant differences were observed between food intake during pregnancy and "recurrent wheezing". No statistically significant differences were observed between the consumption of any food during pregnancy and the presence of eczema at 12 months. Conclusions The present study showed that the consumption of Mediterranean diet during pregnancy did not have a protective effect for wheezing, recurrent wheezing or eczema. (C) 2017 SEICAP. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
  • Autores: Moreno Galarraga, Laura; Peñafiel-Freire, D. M.; Rico-Campà, A.; et al.
    Revista: REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PEDIATRIA
    ISSN: 0034-947X Vol.74 N° 1 2018 págs. 8 - 13
  • Autores: Ochotorena Elicegui, Amaia; Prados Ruiz de Almiron, Mónica; Oliver Olid, Asier; et al.
    Revista: ENDOCRINOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA
    ISSN: 2013-7788 Vol.9 N° Supl. 1 2018 págs. 208
  • Autores: Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Morell Azanza, Lydia; Regent, L.; et al.
    Revista: OBESITY FACTS
    ISSN: 1662-4025 Vol.11 N° Supl. 1 2018 págs. 227
  • Autores: Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ojeda Rodríguez, Ana; Rendo Urteaga, Tara; et al.
    Revista: OBESITY FACTS
    ISSN: 1662-4025 Vol.11 N° Supl. 1 2018 págs. 222 - 223
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Leon Falconi, Jose Luis; Prados Ruiz de Almiron, Mónica; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.90 N° Supl. 1 2018 págs. 630 - 631
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ochotorena Elicegui, Amaia; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.90 N° Supl. 1 2018 págs. 313 - 313
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Morell Azanza, Lydia; Ochotorena Elicegui, Amaia; et al.
    Revista: ENDOCRINOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA
    ISSN: 2013-7788 Vol.9 N° Supl. 1 2018 págs. 182
  • Autores: Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; Ochotorena Elicegui, Amaia; Prados Ruiz de Almiron, Mónica; et al.
    Revista: HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
    ISSN: 1663-2818 Vol.90 N° Supl.1 2018 págs. 586
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  • Autores: Zazpe García, Itzíar; Muñoz Hornillos, María Mercedes; Martí del Moral, Amelia
    Libro: Nutrición y Dietética clínica
    ISSN: 978-84-9113-3003-2 2019 págs. 159 - 178
  • Autores: Guerrero-Fernandez, J.; Mora-Palma, C.; Azcona San Julián, María Cristina; et al.
    Libro: Manual de diagnostico y terapéutica en endocrinologí­a pediátrica
    ISSN: 978-84-17194-44-4 Vol.1.0 2018 págs. 476 - 505
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Editor); Aguilera, CM. (Editor)
    ISSN: 978-0-12-812504-5 2018
    Resumen
    Obesity: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants cover the science of oxidative stress in obesity and associated conditions, including metabolic syndrome, bariatric surgery, and the potentially therapeutic usage of natural antioxidants in the diet or food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are not described in isolation, but in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial and oxidative stress is but a single component. The book is designed for nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, physicians and clinical workers, health care workers and research scientists.
  • Autores: Martí del Moral, Amelia (Editor); Zalba Goñi, Guillermo (Editor)
    ISSN: 9781498750912 2018
    Resumen
    The maintenance of telomeres - repetitive sequences at the end of chromosome - is essential to health. Dysfunction in telomere maintenance pathways plays a role in aging, cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This has led to telomere maintenance as a prime target for patient therapies. This book describes the advances in telomere research as it applies to human health and especially how lifestyle and dietary factors could modify the telomerase maintenance process. The book examines the mechanisms involved, the primary of which are oxidative stress and the role of sirtuins, and how they can be modified by dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet.

Proyectos desde 2018

  • Título: Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion 2019
    Código de expediente: IJC2019-040796-I
    Investigador principal: AMELIA ANGELA MARTI DEL MORAL.
    Financiador: MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN
    Convocatoria: 2019 AEI - MCIU JUAN DE LA CIERVA INCORPORACION
    Fecha de inicio: 01-12-2020
    Fecha fin: 21-03-2024
    Importe concedido: 93.000,00€
    Otros fondos: -
  • Título: CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA NADPH OXIDASA 5 COMO DIANA TERAPÉUTICA EN EL ICTUS. NOXICTUS
    Código de expediente: 0011-1383-2020-000010 PC159 UNAV NOXICTUS
    Investigador principal: GUILLERMO ZALBA GOÑI, GUILLERMO ZALBA GOÑI.
    Financiador: GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
    Convocatoria: 2020 GN Proyectos Colaborativos
    Fecha de inicio: 01-01-2020
    Fecha fin: 30-11-2022
    Importe concedido: 139.351,50€
    Otros fondos: -
  • Título: Identificación de BIOmarcadores de envejecimiento (AGing) saludable: Ejercicio físico, Microbiota y Telómeros
    Código de expediente: 0011-1383-2019-000005
    Investigador principal: PEDRO GONZALEZ MUNIESA.
    Financiador: GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
    Convocatoria: 2019 GN Centros
    Fecha de inicio: 01-12-2018
    Fecha fin: 30-11-2019
    Importe concedido: 85.804,38€
    Otros fondos: -
  • Título: Multiexposición y toxicidad combinada de micotoxinas en el hombre y animales de granja. Caracterización toxicocinética y metabolismo.
    Código de expediente: AGL2017-85732-R
    Investigador principal: MARIA ELENA GONZALEZ PEÑAS, MARIA ELENA GONZALEZ PEÑAS.
    Financiador: MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN
    Convocatoria: 2017 MINECO RETOS INVESTIGACION. PROYECTOS DE I+D+i
    Fecha de inicio: 01-01-2018
    Fecha fin: 30-09-2021
    Importe concedido: 139.150,00€
    Otros fondos: Fondos FEDER
  • Título: Efecto de la risoterapia sobre la calidad del sueño en lactantes alimentados con lactancia materna.
    Investigador principal: EDUARDO ARNAUS MARTIN, MARIA CRISTINA AZCONA SAN JULIAN, ANA CATALAN LAMBAN, EDUARDO ARNAUS MARTIN, MARIA CRISTINA AZCONA SAN JULIAN, ANA CATALAN LAMBAN, MARIA DE LOS REYES LOPEZ DE MESA, MARIA DE LOS REYES LOPEZ DE MESA
    Financiador: ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE PEDIATRIA
    Convocatoria: 2020 AEP Beca Dodot con Procter & Gamble
    Fecha de inicio: 01-02-2021
    Fecha fin: 31-01-2022
    Importe concedido: 12.000,00€
  • Título: Impacto de una intervención integral sobre el riesgo cardiometabólico en niños con obesidad central: estudio de marcadores genéticos y epigenéticos.
    Investigador principal: MARIA CRISTINA AZCONA SAN JULIAN, MARIA CRISTINA AZCONA SAN JULIAN
    Financiador: FUNDACION MERCK SALUD
    Convocatoria: 2015 SALUD 2000
    Fecha de inicio: 01-06-2016
    Fecha fin: 31-12-2022
    Importe concedido: 25.000,00€