Aunque en los últimos años se han llevado a cabo algunas investigaciones de la onomástica en América Latina desde distintos enfoques, lo cierto es que la antroponima ha gozado de muy poca atención (San Martín Gómez, 2021). Por esta razón, el presente trabajo tiene la intención de responder a esta necesidad analizando los nombres propios en Querétaro durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX; de este modo, se estudiarán 50 documentos de esta región editados por Gutiérrez Bello (2017). En concreto, los objetivos de este trabajo son los siguientes: a) aportar una descripción del nombre propio de esta región; b) analizar la distribución del nombre propio de acuerdo a criterios sociales; c) establecer una comparación con otras zonas de dominio hispánico durante esta centura o periodos anteriores. El propósito final es abrir nuevas líneas de investigación que contribuyan a la historia del nombre propio en América.

To this day, little is known about the prisoner of war in Early Modern Europe. Our research examines the issue in its two stages. Firstly, we will focus on the scenarios where soldiers were taken prisoners, such as battles, sieges, or skirmishes. Then, our attention will be placed in the period of captivity. Hence, we will discuss both life condi-tions and future negotiations, exchanges and forced recruitments. This wide canvas painted will help us define the main features of the prisoner of war experience during the so-called Century of the Soldier.

El artículo revisa la idea tradicional de la construcción de un Estado Forestal y de su supuesto triunfo a mediados del siglo XVIII a partir de la política de suministros de madera para la construcción naval. El objetivo es analizar cómo el progresivo avance en la capacidad legislativa y administrativa del Estado para intervenir en la gestión de los recursos forestales afectó al abastecimiento de madera. Concluimos que el aumento de la autoridad de la Corona sobre los bosques, al imponerse sobre cualquier otra jurisdicción, repercutió en la capacidad del Estado de desarrollar políticas de abastecimiento, así como en la modificación de su relación con los proveedores. El Estado español logró durante el siglo XVIII imponer un efectivo monopolio sobre los recursos forestales, que le permitió desarrollar políticas nacionalistas en beneficio de la explotación por sus súbditos, al tiempo que permitió al Estado conceder a los asentistas marcos de actuación más seguros, mediante la imposición y extensión de la autoridad real.

This article analyzes Marian art in Spain from the tenth to nineteenth centuries in order to show how popular piety represented Mary's motherhood. Through art, including architecture, painting, sculpture, and oral preaching, a popular image of Mary emerged and, in turn, became key for understanding the history of the family in western Catholic countries. Studying the evolution of Marian iconography during this thousand-year period reveals a kind of grandeur, and then a certain crisis, surrounding Mary's motherhood. This crisis specifically involves the meaning of the body as an effective sign of the personal gift-of-self. We argue that this process ran parallel to growing problems in theological culture related to reconciling the natural and supernatural realms, and we further sustain that it contains a true cultural revolution, a shift that is at the origin of many later transformations. This interpretation helps better understand the dilemmas surrounding the history of the family in the West, and specifically of motherhood, from the point of view of the Christian tradition.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la trayectoria de un apellido vasco, Jaso, desde su origen en el reino de Navarra, su implantación en México en los años 20 del siglo XVI y el arraigo posterior. Se trata de un ejemplo ilustrativo de otros muchos casos, pues es bien conocida la importancia del contingente poblacional vasco-navarro desde los primeros momentos del descubrimiento. El estudio se detiene en una circunstancia que afectó a numerosos inmigrantes de este origen, el reconocimiento de su hidalguía. Para ello, se ha utilizado tanto el proceso de probanza de hidalguía litigado ante el Consejo Real de Navarra como la bibliografía disponible sobre el linaje. Los resultados permiten comprender las circunstancias que motivaron la salida del solar nativo a estos miles de inmigrantes, con la particularidad de que los Jaso aprovecharon para desplazarse los pocos años en que los oriundos de Baja Navarra fueron castellanos: desde la incorporación del reino de Navarra a Castilla, en 1515, hasta el abandono de ese territorio por Carlos I, hacia 1527.

The War of Polish Succession gave Spain the opportunity to renovate its policy of revisionism and reconquer Naples and Sicily in 1734-1735. In this paper we address the question of how this expedition was financed, which means were used, and how Campillo managed the affair. Archival sources witness the payment with loans by bankers in the form of bills of exchange. The bills were transferred by Italian houses of bank in Madrid to colleagues in Tuscany. In some occasions the Spanish government was able to send Spanish American bullion directly from Cadis to Naples. The paper studies the vicissitudes of payments processes, and the relations between bankers and Spanish military authorities, as well as the choice of sending bills or bullion as appropriate. This text is also an opportunity to observe the managerial role of an "intendente" of the army.

Este trabajo aborda el estudio del sistema onomástico durante la Edad Moderna en el reino de Navarra tras su división en dos partes, una de las cuales se integró en España y otra en Francia. Se trata de probar la hipótesis de que, durante el Antiguo Régimen, el papel del estado ha sido más intenso en la Navarra española que en la francesa. Para ello, se ha analizado una extensa ejecutoria (1755) obtenida por un hidalgo oriundo de la parte francesa pero avecindado en la española; de ella se extrae tanto la genealogía del solicitante como información sobre numerosos testigos de uno y otro lado de la frontera. El análisis de los modos en que estos individuos son identificados ha permitido probar la hipótesis de partida: el sistema onomástico tradicional, que vinculaba la identidad personal al solar más que a la filiación un apellido o al lugar de vecindad, se mantenía a mediados del XVIII al norte de los Pirineos, mientras que en la Monarquía Hispánica se advierten rasgos de mayor modernidad, junto con más peso del papel masculino.

Desde que Caro Baroja acuñara la expresión «hora navarra» para referirse al encum-bramiento en la corte de hombres de negocios de esa procedencia a finales del xvii, numerosos trabajos han profundizado en tales trayectorias, en particular las de los baztaneses. Mi objetivo es presentar otro escenario en el mismo reino, origen también de exitosas carreras, pero con un entorno muy diferente: la ciudad de Corella, y en ella, la familia Sesma. Se describen algunos rasgos que definen la situación de Navarra tras su incorporación a Castilla. Con ayuda de la valoración de bienes de 1607 se trata de responder a la pregunta de cuál pudo ser la fuente primera de acumulación de capital que permitiera iniciar el despegue; el resultado apunta a que, además del comercio de la lana y del vino, pudo tener importancia el cáñamo, lo que además explicaría la vinculación de esta familia con la Marina. Su relación con Goyeneche justificaría su servicio a distintos miembros de la familia real. A mediados del xviii los Sesma, ya encumbrados, abandonan la actividad comercial y Corella. Since Caro Baroja coined the expression «la hora navarra» to refer to the success in court of businessmen of that origin at the end of the xvii, numerous works have deepened in such trajectories, in particular those of the Baztanese. My goal is to present another scenario in the same kingdom, also the origin of successful careers, but with a very different environment: the city of Corella and the Sesma family. Some features that define the situation of Navarra after its incorporation to Castilla are described. With the help of the «valoración de bienes» de 1607, the question is what could have been the first source of capital accumulation that would allow such successful careers. The results suggest that, in addition to the wool and wine trade, hemp might have importance, and would also explain the relationship between this family and the Navy. Their relationship with Goyeneche would justify their service to different members of the royal family. In the middle of the xviii the Sesma, already raised, leave the commercial activity and Corella.

At the onset of 1707, when the War of the Spanish Succession (1700-1715) was in full swing and the Bourbon Army was stationed in the region of Murcia, a tabardillos epidemic -probably typhus- broke out. The poor hygienic and alimentary conditions, coupled with the overcrowding of thousands of soldiers in towns heavily scarred by war, provided the ideal environment for the spread of the disease. The present case study, focusing on this problem that emerged in Murcia between December 1706 and June 1707, is aimed to analyse the way in which early eighteenth-century society responded to the epidemic. In 1705, the Bourbon Monarchy had signed an ambitious hospital asiento - contract - with a French entrepreneur, Pedro Carlos de Laugeac, who was associated with a group of French merchants and financiers living in Madrid. However, the problems arising in the winter of 1707 questioned the feasibility of the asiento. The epidemic was a public health crisis, but it also had political implications as it was partially due to the decision by the Bourbon Government to favour French commercial groups and sign general asientos. But it was also a military crisis, since such an epidemic threatened to decimate military ranks. Faced with the gravity of the situation, local authorities, led by the Bishop of Cartagena and Don Luis Antonio de Belluga y Moncada, Captain-General of Murcia, resorted to the religious orders, especially the Hospitaller Order of the Brothers of Saint John of God, which had an established network of hospitals in the region. This resulted in a questioning of both the Laugeac management and the Bourbon Administration, which transferred hospital attention to the Brothers Hospitallers in the Kingdom of Murcia and neighbouring Orihuela, in the Kingdom of Valencia. The object of the present article is to analyse how that health, political and military crisis was solved, in an attempt to shed light on the little-studied history of Spanish military health care.

A diversity of opinions concerning what the School of Salamanca is flourish in contemporary academic literature, and interest in its study has notably increased. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the sixteenth to eighteenth-century authors that Jose Barrientos presents in his work Repertorio de moral economica (1536-1670): la Escuela de Salamanca y su proyeccion (EUNSA, 2011). A study of the information that Barrientos provides -including years of edition of the different works, the places of publication, variations in the cited authors, the religious orders to which their authors belong and the central themes discussed- aims to show the rise and decline of the School, and its importance for the West's economic and political history. It concludes that the School of Salamanca's efforts were the first attempt to configure specialized and systematic thought about economic and social problems starting from the medieval tradition and up to Renaissance humanism.

Pamplona desde finales del siglo xviii y primeras décadas del xix fue testigo de varios intentos de constituir una Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País. Aunque estas instituciones han sido ampliamente estudiadas en el presente artículo hemos querido comprobar si hubo alguna continuidad entre las élites intelectuales que las promovieron o, como resultado de los convulsos periodos que se sucedieron, fueron iniciativas aisladas entre sí. Para ello se han cruzado los datos de los individuos que constituyeron las distintas sociedades dejando ver ciertas constantes entre algunos grupos de la nobleza, los comerciantes o el clero, en especial el alto clero. Algunas de las familias que participaron en el ascenso social del fenómeno denominado la Hora navarra consiguieron continuar en puestos políticos y económicos destacados en el nuevo régimen liberal, dejando los que tradicionalmente habían ocupado para entrar en otros nuevos.

La correspondencia familiar es una fuente riquísima para conocer aspectos relacionados con la intimidad del hogar, hechos o circunstancias históricas, así como los éxitos y fracasos en la carrera de los individuos; todo ello redactado a modo de confidencia, permitiéndonos conocer rasgos identitarios personales y colectivos. Este artículo analiza bajo esta perspectiva las relaciones familiares de un clérigo y la carrera eclesiástica en relación con elementos políticos que influían en el acceso a las prebendas eclesiásticas y al episcopado durante los últimos años del siglo XVIII.

Reseña del libro de Benoît Cursente que aborda el estudio de una minoría que ha vivido segregada durante siglos, los agotes, tanto en la Navarra peninsular como en la del norte de los Pirineos. El autor intenta explicar el origen de tan estricta y duradera segregación, por encima de explicaciones no científicas, hasta señalar dos momentos clave y una indudable relación con la presión demográfica sobre el territorio.

Taxation is accepted as a fact of modern life, despite recurring political conflict over the nature and direction of fiscal policies. Most financiers regard obligations issued by the state as a safe investment option. Neither taxation nor state obligations were taken for granted during much of the history of public finance, however, at least not before the early 1800s. The 'tax state' developed in fits and starts, driven by the exigencies of warfare, which provided the main rationale for raising state income. Although wartime fiscal innovations eventually facilitated the rise of an efficient military state, the options available for implementing such improvements and preferences for specific fiscal or financial instruments varied greatly across early modern states. Focusing on the 'long' eighteenth century, this introduction presents a framework for assessing these differences and introduces the other articles in this special issue.

The detrimental effects traditionally assigned to warfare in the development of pre-industrial economies have obscured the prominent role that military entrepreneurs played in economic development in this period. Historiography minimises the extent to which war and the concomitant strengthening of the central state provided a whole new range of opportunities for capital investment, a tendency that has been strengthened by the paradigm of Redlich's decline of the soldier-entrepreneur' and the technological determinism of the debate on the Military Revolution among others. The aim of this introduction is to look into the background of this relative lack of interest and to reaffirm the mutual dependence of eighteenth-century state-formation and the business of war.

Taxation is accepted as a fact of modern life, despite recurring political conflict over the nature and direction of fiscal policies. Most financiers regard obligations issued by the state as a safe investment option. Neither taxation nor state obligations were taken for granted during much of the history of public finance, however, at least not before the early 1800s. The `tax state¿ developed in fits and starts, driven by the exigencies of warfare, which provided the main rationale for raising state income. Although wartime fiscal innovations eventually facilitated the rise of an efficient military state, the options available for implementing such improvements and preferences for specific fiscal or financial instruments varied greatly across early modern states. Focusing on the `long¿ eighteenth century, this introduction presents a framework for assessing these differences and introduces the other articles in this special issue.

This article is part of a special issue on the relation between war and military enterprises in the long eighteenth century. The focus is on artillery as a military enterprise providing for the needs of the army and the navy. The paper shows the difficulties faced by Spain in producing guns (cast iron and bronze). The structure of ownership of firms, the nature of production systems, and scarcity of funding and technological shortcomings are considered. The state turned to monopolistic practices from the 1760s onwards but this change did not produce significant technological change. Contrary to expectations, wars did not stimulate production in the long run. From the early years of nineteenth century, the sector found itself overwhelmed by military invasion, financial crisis, and the decline of naval demand. Together, these factors caused the collapse of gun production.