Resumen: The principles of economic evaluation and cost benefit analysis implemented in sewage treatment plants; Economic evaluation of innovative technologies aiming to increase the energy efficiency of the sewage treatment plants; Instrumentation, monitoring and real-time control strategies for efficient sewage treatment plant operation; Process integration to improve carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal with less aeration requirements and less sludge production; Bioreactor development with less aeration requirement; Improvement of anaerobic digestion of sewage wastewater and sludge; Development of microbial fuel cells for electricity production from sewage; Nutrient recovery from sewage; Cost saving management strategies or policies; Economic evaluation of innovative technologies aiming to increase the energy efficiency of the sewage treatment plants: Case studies.