Detalle Publicación

Cellular Pharmacokinetics and Intracellular Activity Against Listeria Monocytogenes and Staphylococcus Aureus of Chemically Modified and Nanoencapsulated Gentamicin

Autores: Imbuluzqueta Iturburua, Edurne; Lemaire, S; Gamazo de la Rasilla, Carlos Manuel; Elizondo, E.; Ventosa, N.; Van Bambeke, F.; Blanco Prieto, María
Título de la revista: JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
ISSN: 0305-7453
Volumen: 67
Número: 9
Páginas: 2158-2164
Fecha de publicación: 2012
Resumen:
The aim of this study was to investigate different hydrophobic gentamicin formulations [gentamicin-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (GEN-AOT), microstructured GEN-AOT (PCA GEN-AOT) and GEN-AOT-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs)] in view of improving its therapeutic index against intracellular bacteria. The intracellular accumulation, subcellular distribution and intracellular activity of GEN-AOT and NPs in different monocyticmacrophagic cell lines were studied. Human THP-1 and murine J774 phagocytic cells were incubated with GEN-AOT formulations at relevant extracellular concentrations [from 1 MIC to 18 mg/L (human C-max)], and their intracellular accumulation, subcellular distribution and toxicity were evaluated and compared with those of conventional unmodified gentamicin. Intracellular activity of the formulations was determined against bacteria showing different subcellular localizations, namely Staphylococcus aureus (phagolysosomes) and Listeria monocytogenes (cytosol). GEN-AOT formulations accumulated 2-fold (GEN-AOT) to 8-fold (GEN-AOT NPs) more than gentamicin in phagocytic cells, with a predominant subcellular localization in the soluble fraction (cytosol) and with no significant cellular toxicity. NP formulations allowed gentamicin to exert its intracellular activity after shorter incubation times and/or at lower concentrations. With an extracellular concentration of 10 MIC, a 1 log(10) decrease in S. aureus intracellular inoculum was obtained after 12 h instead of 24 h for NPs versus free gentamicin, and a static effect was observed against L. monocytogenes at 24 h with NPs, while free gentamicin was ineffective. GEN-AOT formulations yielded a high cellular accumulation, especially in the cytosol, which resulted in improved efficacy against both intracellular S. aureus and L. monocytogenes.
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