Revistas
Revista:
METALS
ISSN:
2075-4701
Año:
2021
Vol.:
11
N°:
2
Págs.:
219
The effect of the initial microstructure and soft annealing temperature on cementite spheroidization and microstructure softening is studied on an AISI 5140 hot-rolled wire. In coarse pearlite microstructure (lambda: 0.27 mu m), the cementite spheroidization progresses slowly under subcritical treatment, and the microstructure does not achieve the minimum G2/L2 IFI rating defined in the ASTM F2282 to be used in cold forming operations under any of the annealing treatment studies. Fine pearlite (lambda: 0.10 mu m) and upper bainite microstructures are more prone to spheroidization, and the minimum G2/L2 IFI rating is achieved under subcritical annealing at 720 degrees C for 6 h. Independent of the initial microstructure, even in the case of martensite, low hardness values within 165-195 HV are attained after imposing a 10 h long treatment at 720 degrees C. Annealing treatments conducted at 660 degrees C and 600 degrees C on pearlitic microstructures give rise to very poor softening. The G2/L2 rating is not achieved in any of the treatments applied at these two temperatures in this study. In pearlitic microstructures, the spheroidization progresses according to a fault migration mechanism, enhanced by the presence of defects such as lamella terminations, holes, and kinks. In the upper bainite, the row-like disposition of the cementite along the ferrite lath interface provides necks where dissolution and consequent lamellae break-up take place quickly under annealing.
Revista:
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
ISSN:
1073-5623
Año:
2016
Vol.:
47
N°:
1
Págs.:
412 - 423
The influence of strain, strain rate, and temperature on deformation-induced transformation (DIT) in a low-alloy medium carbon steel is studied. The strain promotes the nucleation of ferrite (deformation-induced ferrite) and also pearlite (deformation-induced pearlite), this last being characterized by a fine interlamellar spacing and morphological instability. At strains epsilon > 0.5, intragranular nucleation activates and further ferrite nucleation over the newly created alpha/gamma interface takes place, which gives rise to the precipitation of cementite (deformation-induced cementite) at the ferrite boundaries. Soft annealing treatments have been performed on the microstructures obtained by DIT, and the degree of spheroidization has been quantified by image analysis techniques. In comparison to non-deformed conditions, the application of DIT results in a higher degree of spheroidization after soft annealing. Moreover, the EBSD analysis denotes that ferrite grain size refinement is achieved with respect to non-deformed conditions. The degree of spheroidization is highly influenced by the applied strain level and subsequent holding temperature.
Revista:
TRATER PRESS
ISSN:
1888-4423
Año:
2015
Vol.:
47
Págs.:
32 - 42
Revista:
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
ISSN:
1073-5623
Año:
2014
Vol.:
45
N°:
3
Págs.:
1470 - 1484
Warm deformations have been applied to a low-alloy medium carbon steel (AISI 5140) to promote faster spheroidization during soft annealing treatments. The application of warm deformation leads to the fragmentation of cementite lamellae and the formation of defects on both cementite and the matrix. This induces faster lamellae break-up according to a boundary splitting mechanism, which is responsible for the improved spheroidization after annealing. The substructure developed in the matrix enhances pipe diffusion through the sub-boundaries, which helps the lamellae terminations to coarsen and causes lamellae fast splitting and finally yields a coarse cementite particle distribution. When deforming up to epsilon = 0.3, almost fully spheroidized microstructures are obtained after annealing at 993 K (720 A degrees C), independently of the initial pearlite features. By means of the EBSD technique, it has been observed that the applied warm deformation, in addition to enhancing the degree of spheroidization, allows a much finer microstructure to be formed after annealing. Grain refinement takes place as a consequence of a continuous recrystallization process, which is directly related to cementite spheroidization in the long term. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013
Revista:
IRON & STEEL TECHNOLOGY
ISSN:
1547-0423
Año:
2012
Vol.:
9
N°:
10
Págs.:
122 - 128
A spheroidization kinetic study has been carried out in a low alloy medium carbon steel by means of image analysis techniques. Two different initial pearlite microstructures, coarse and fine pearlite, have been generated at two different transformation temperatures of 700 and 630ºC. The effect of a deformation application once the steel is completely transformed has been analyzed and compared with that observed in non deformed samples. The deformation accelerates spheroidization kinetics and leads to a higher spheroidization degree. Several phenomena that take place during the spheroidization treatment contribute to the matrix softening.
Artículo premiado con el 2012 Gilbert R. Speich Award (AIST). PR-264-049 - 2011