Revistas
Revista:
CLINICAL PRACTICE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN MENTAL HEALTH
ISSN 1745-0179
N° 15
Año 2019
Págs.160-171
Revista:
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (ONLINE)
ISSN 0168-8278
Vol. 70
N° Supl. 1
Año 2019
Págs.E27 - E28
Revista:
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
ISSN 1087-0547
Vol. 23
N° 6
Año 2019
Págs.615 - 623
Objective: The objective was to obtain normalized data from the ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Preschool Version (ADHD-RS-IV-P) in a Spanish sample. Method: We translated and adapted the ADHD-RS-IV to our culture to obtain normalized data from a random representative sample of 1,426 Spanish preschool children (3 to <7 years old; 49.7% males). To analyze differences between evaluators, we used MANOVA. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach's alpha. Results: The mean age was 4.7 years old. There was a significant sex effect. The questionnaire had an internal consistency between .86 and .96 according to subscale and evaluator. Conclusion: To evaluate ADHD in preschool children, it is necessary to use scores standardized by sex. Using a validated scale in schools and primary care centers may be useful for early detection of ADHD.
Revista:
NEUROLOGIA
ISSN 0213-4853
Vol. 34
N° 9
Año 2019
Págs.563 - 572
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to validate a Spanish-language version of the 18-item ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) in a Spanish sample. Methods: From a total sample of 652 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (mean age was 11.14 +/- 3.27), we included 518 who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD and 134 healthy controls. To evaluate the factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the scale, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling on a polychoric correlation matrix and maximum likelihood estimation. The scale's discriminant validity and predictive value were estimated using ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis. Results: Both the full scale and the subscales of the Spanish-language version of the ADHD-RS-IV showed good internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for the full scale and >= 0.90 for the subscales, and ordinal alpha was 0.95 and >= 0.90, respectively. CFA showed that a two-factor model (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) provided the best fit for the data. ADHD-RS-IV.es offered good discriminant ability to distinguish between patients with ADHD and controls (AUC = 0.97). Conclusions: The two-factor structure of the Spanish-language version of the ADHD-RS-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) is consistent with those of the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 as well as with the model-proposed by the author of the original scale. Furthermore, it has good discriminant ability. ADHD-RS-IV.es is therefore a valid and reliable tool for determining presence and severity of ADHD symptoms in the Spanish population. (C) 2017 Sociedad Espanola de Neurologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
Revista:
REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
ISSN 0210-0010
Vol. 66
Año 2018
Págs.S115 - S120
Introduction. There are few studies about preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence. Aim. To study the prevalence of ADHD in preschoolers using an specific scale (ADHD-RS-IV-P-Es) developed for this age range. Subjects and methods. We evaluated the prevalence of possible ADHD in a representative sample of preschoolers in Navarra and La Rioja, Spain. Results. We find a range of prevalence between 2.5-4.1% depending on the criteria that was used (more or less strict). Conclusions. There are specific tools that can be use in preschool ADHD study. The prevalence of preschool ADHD in Spain is similar than in other countries. The frequency of symptoms in this age range is similar to the found in school age children.
Autores:
Marín Méndez, Juan; Borra Ruiz, Maria Cristina; Álvarez Gómez, Maria José; et al.
Revista:
NEUROLOGÍA (BARCELONA. ED. IMPRESA)
ISSN 0213-4853
Vol. 32
N° 8
Año 2017
Págs.487-493
El probable TDAH en preescolares se ve asociado a la percepción parental de dificultades en varias dimensiones del desarrollo y el aprendizaje. Es importante realizar una detección precoz del TDAH en la época preescolar para iniciar de forma temprana intervenciones clínicas y educativas efectivas
Revista:
NEUROLOGIA
ISSN 0213-4853
Vol. 32
N° 8
Año 2017
Págs.487 - 493
Introduction: ADHD symptoms begin to appear at preschool age. ADHD may have a significant negative impact on academic performance. In Spain, there are no standardized toots for detecting ADHD at preschool age, nor is there data about the incidence of this disorder. Objective: To evaluate developmental factors and learning difficulties associated with probable ADHD and to assess the impact of ADHD in school performance. Methods: We conducted a population -based study with a stratified multistage proportional cluster sample design. Results: We found significant differences between probable ADHD and parents' perception of difficulties in expressive language, comprehension, and fine motor skills, as well as in emotions, concentration, behaviour, and relationships. Around 34% of preschool children with probable ADHD showed global learning difficulties, mainly in patients with the inattentive type. According to the multivariate analysis, learning difficulties were significantly associated with both delayed psychomotor development during the first 3 years of life (OR: 5.57) as assessed by parents, and probable ADHD (OR: 2.34) Conclusions: There is a connection between probable ADHD in preschool children and parents' perception of difficulties in several dimensions of development and learning. Early detection of ADHD at preschool ages is necessary to start prompt and effective clinical and educational interventions.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
ISSN 1044-5463
Vol. 27
N° 8
Año 2017
Págs.723 - 730
Objective: To describe the methylphenidate (MPH) effects on weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) in a Spanish sample diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Patients (6-18 years) diagnosed with ADHD treated at our Unit with MPH in the last 10 years were included in an observational longitudinal study. Weight, height, and BMI Z scores were measured at baseline and at last follow-up. Results: Three hundred forty-two patients (mean [standard deviation] age: 10.7 [3.8] years, 80% males) were included. Mean dose was 1.25 (0.40) mg/(kg<bold>d</bold>). After 27 (14-41) months taking MPH, weight and BMI standard deviation score (SDS) were reduced by treatment (baseline weight-SDS: 0.34 [1.22], follow-up weight-SDS: -0.06 [1.38], t-test p<0.001; baseline BMI-SDS: 0.35 [1.10], and follow-up BMI-SDS [SDS]: -0.23 [1.08], t-test p<0.001). In the whole sample, no differences in height before and after treatment were observed. However, considering only the group of patients who were children 6-12 years (68.6%) when starting treatment, height was slightly affected (baseline height-SDS: 0.04 [1.14], follow-up: -0.10 [1.11], p<0.001). This effect was not observed if treatment was started during adolescence. Linear regression analysis showed that age starting MPH (B=0.07, p=0.003), dose (B=-0.50, p=0.001), and duration of treatment (B=0.07, p=0.031) affect follow-up height. Conclusion: MPH slightly decreased weight and BMI in this group of ADHD patients followed naturalistically over 2.2 years, and slightly affected height only if treatment was started before the age of 12. Girls, children who started treatment being younger or children on higher MPH doses, showed greater impact in height.
Revista:
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
ISSN 0924-977X
Vol. 26
N° Supl.2
Año 2016
Págs.S744 - S745
Autores:
Borra Ruiz, Maria Cristina; Álvarez Gómez, Maria José; Marín Méndez, Juan; et al.
Revista:
REVISTA DE PSICOPATOLOGIA Y SALUD MENTAL DEL NIÑO Y DEL ADOLESCENTE
ISSN 1695-8691
Vol. 26
Año 2015
Págs.41-48
Nuestro objetivo es realizar un estudio piloto clínico-epidemiológico de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en población preescolar. El método utilizado ha sido un estudio poblacional multicéntrico. Evaluamos 1.171 preescolares, el 4,1% de los cuales correspondían a un posible caso de TDAH. Los posibles factores asociados a una presencia de sospecha de TDAH han sido antecedentes familiares de TDAH, consumo de tabaco en el embarazo y antecedentes de dificultades en el desarrollo psicomotor. Es importante realizar una detección precoz del TDAH en la época preescolar para iniciar de forma temprana intervenciones efectivas
Revista:
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
ISSN 0165-1781
Vol. 220
N° 3
Año 2014
Págs.737 - 744
Timing is an essential function for the survival of many living organisms. Despite its significance, it is relatively under-researched, particularly in schizophrenia. We examined neurophysiological, neuropathological, imaging and genetic studies of both healthy subjects and subjects suffering from schizophrenia in relation to time perception as measured by interval timing. We found that the data from studies in healthy populations indicate that time perception may be inter-linked with numerous other cognitive functions and share common brain networks. The same networks are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. There is also evidence that several neurotransmitter systems, particularly the dopaminergic D2 system, are involved in interval timing. Patients with schizophrenia have been shown to suffer from a distorted sense of time, which has an impact on their cognitive function and results in both positive and negative symptoms. Therefore, genes involved in interval timing can be considered candidate genes for distorted cognition in schizophrenia. We discuss the hypothesis that time perception dysfunction is a primary cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Revista:
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
ISSN 0165-1781
Vol. 208
N° 2
Año 2013
Págs.118 - 124
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a core feature and seems to be related mainly to dopaminergic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The functional polymorphism Val158Met of the COMT (catechol-. O-methyltransferase) gene could mediate the relationship between cognition and dopamine activity in PFC. The present study tested the influence of this polymorphism on the cognitive performance of schizophrenia spectrum patients and their relatives, using some subtests of the neuropsychological battery, the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery, and evaluated the impact of this polymorphism on a specific prefrontal cognitive function using a cognitive neuroscience paradigm. A Group of 74 schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients, 48 relatives and 67 controls performed some subtests of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. In addition, 40 schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients, 26 relatives and 63 controls performed the Dot Pattern Expectancy Task (DPX) to study context processing. For the neuropsychological battery, no differences in any of the cognitive domains were found according to genotype. The DPX task was sensitive to genotype effects in patients as well as in relatives. Context processing deficits in schizophrenia patients and their relatives may be mediated by COMT genotype. The influence of the COMT genotype on cognition is more relevant in specific cognitive tasks related to prefrontal function. These results should be replicated in larger samples.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
ISSN 0165-0327
Vol. 138
N° 3
Año 2012
Págs.479-484
Background: As marker genes for bipolar disorder (BP) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not fully identified, we carried out a complete genome analysis to search for genes differentially expressed in ADHD and BP. Materials and methods: We recruited 39 patients (30 ADHD, 9 BP), aged 7 to 23 years. For evaluation of the psychiatric diagnosis, we used a semi-structured interview based on the K-SADS-PL (DSM-IV). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed with the GeneChip (R) Human Genome U133-Plus 2.0 (Affymetrix). For the validation of differentially expressed genes, real-time PCR was used. Results: Hybridization and subsequent statistical analysis found 502 probe-sets with significant differences in expression in ADHD and BP patients. Of these, 82 had highly significant differences. Neuregulin (NRG1), cathepsins B and D (CTSB, CTSD) and prostaglandin-D2-synthase (FTGDS) were chosen for semi-quantitative mRNA determination. The expression of PTGDS was statistically increased in ADHD relative to BP patients (p = 0.01). We found no such differential expression with NRG1, CTSB and CTSD genes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The gene coding for FTGDS was found to be more expressed in patients with ADHD relative to patients with BP, indicating a possible link with the differential etiology of ADHD. The experimental approach we have used is, at least in part, validated by the detection of proteins directly concerned with brain functions, and shows a possible way forward for studies of the connection between brain function genes and psychiatric disorders. Limitations: Confirmation of our findings requires a larger sample of patients with clearly-defined phenotypes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Revista:
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
ISSN 0920-9964
Vol. 117
N° 2-3
Año 2010
Págs.352-353
Dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) seem to play a crucial role in cognitive function in schizophrenia. The COMT enzyme has a functional polymorphism (val158met): val/val individuals have a higher functioning enzyme leading to lower dopamine levels in PFC and therefore to poorer cognitive performance. This genetic polymorphism could mediate the relationship between dopamine levels, cognitive functioning and neural activity of PFC. We used global neuropsychological and specific cognitive assessments and fMRI to study the influence of COMT genotype on cognition and brain function in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients, relatives and healthy control subjects.