Revistas
Revista:
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
ISSN:
0031-9155
Año:
2021
Vol.:
66
N°:
3
Págs.:
035025
The purpose of this study was to devise and evaluate a method to quantify the dosimetric uncertainty produced by the interplay between the movement of multileaf collimator (MLC) and respiratory motion in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The method calculates the dose distribution for all control points from a dynamic treatment in all respiratory phases. The methodology includes some characteristics of a patient's irregular breathing patterns. It selects, for each control point, the phases with maximum and minimum mean dose over the tumor and their corresponding adjacent phases, whenever necessary. According to this selection, the dose matrices from each control point are summed up to obtain two dose distributions in each phase, which are accumulated in the reference phase subsequently by Deformable Image Registration (DIR). D95 and Dmin,0.035cc were calculated over those accumulated dose distributions for Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), Planning Target Volume (PTV) - based on Internal Target Volume (ITV) approach - and Evaluation Target Volume (ETV), a novel concept that applies to 4D dose accumulation. With the ETV, DIR and interplay uncertainties are separated. The methodology also evaluated how variations in the breathing rate and field size affects the mean dose received by the GTV. The method was applied retrospectively in five patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) - minimum area defined by the leaves configuration at any control point was at least 4cm2-. Uncertainties in tumor coverage were small (in most patients, changes on D95 and Dmin,0.035cc were below 2% for GTV and ETV) but significant over- and under- dosages near ETV, which can be accentuated by highly irregular breathing. Uncertainties in mean dose for GTV tended to decrease exponentially with increasing field size and were reduced by an increase of breathing rate. The implementation of this method would be helpful to assess treatment quality in patients with irregular breathing. Furthermore, it could be used to study interplay uncertainties when small field sizes are used.
Revista:
MEDICAL PHYSICS
ISSN:
0094-2405
Año:
2019
Vol.:
46
N°:
10
Págs.:
4346 - 4355
Purpose To use four-dimensional (4D) dose accumulation based on deformable image registration (DIR) to assess dosimetric uncertainty in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment planning. A novel concept, the Evaluation Target Volume (ETV), was introduced to achieve this goal. Methods The internal target volume (ITV) approach was used for treatment planning for 11 patients receiving lung SBRT. Retrospectively, 4D dose calculation was done in Pinnacle v9.10. Total dose was accumulated in the reference phase using DIR with MIM. DIR was validated using landmarks introduced by an expert radiation oncologist. The 4D and three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions were compared within the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) using the D-95 and D-min (calculated as D-min,D-0.035cc) metrics. For lung involvement, the mean dose and V-20, V-10, and V-5 were used in the 3D to 4D dose comparison, and D-max (D-0.1cc) was used for all other organs at risk (OAR). The new evaluation target volume (ETV) was calculated by expanding the GTV in the reference phase in order to include geometrical uncertainties of the DIR, interobserver variability in the definition of the tumor, and uncertainties of imaging and delivery systems. D-95 and D-min,D-0.035cc metrics were then calculated on the basis of the ETV for 4D accumulated dose distributions, and these metrics were compared with those calculated from the PTV for 3D planned dose distributions.
Revista:
PLOS ONE
ISSN:
1932-6203
Año:
2019
Vol.:
14
N°:
6
Págs.:
e0217881
Background Hypofractionated radiation therapy is a feasible and safe treatment option in elderly and frail patients with glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypofractionated radiation therapy with concurrent temozolomide in terms of feasibility and disease control in primary glioblastoma patients with poor prognostic factors other than advanced age, such as post-surgical neurological complications, high tumor burden, unresectable or multifocal lesions, and potential low treatment compliance due to social factors or rapidly progressive disease. Material and methods GTV included the surgical cavity plus disease visible in T1WI-MRI, FLAIR-MRI and in the MET-uptake. The CTV was defined as the GTV plus 1.5-2 cm margin; the PTV was the CTV+0.3 cm margin. Forty, fourty-five, and fifty grays in 15 fractions were prescribed to 95% of PTV, CTV, and GTV, respectively. Treatment was delivered using IMRT or the VMAT technique. Simultaneously, 75 mg/m(2)/day of temozolomide were administered. Results Between January 2010 and November 2017, we treated a total of 17 patients. The median age at diagnosis was 68-years; median KPS was 50-70%. MGMT-methylation status was negative in 5 patients, and 8 patients were IDH-wildtype. Eight of 18 patients were younger than 65-years. Median tumor volume was 26.95cc; median PTV volume was 322cc. Four lesions were unresectable; 6 patients underwent complete surgical resection. Median residual volume was 1.14cc. Progression-free survival was 60% at 6 months, 33% at 1-year and 13% at 2-years (median OS = 7 months). No acute grade 3-5 toxicities were documented. Symptomatic grade 3 radiation necrosis was observed in one patient. Conclusions Patients with poor clinical factors other than advanced age can be selected for hypofractionated radiotherapy. The OS and PFS rates obtained in our series are similar to those in patients treated with standard fractionation, assuring good treatment adherence, low rates of toxicity and probable improved cost-effectiveness.
Revista:
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
ISSN:
0167-8140
Año:
2019
Vol.:
135
Págs.:
91 - 99
Background: To analyze toxicity, patterns of failure, and survival in 106 adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity and the superficial trunk treated in a prospective controlled trial of combined Perioperative High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (PHDRB) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Methods: Patients were treated with surgical resection and 16 Gy or 24 Gy of PHDRB for negative or close/positive margins, respectively. EBRT (45 Gy) was added postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to selected patients with high-grade tumors. Results: The median follow-up was 7.1 years (range, 0.6-16.0). Grade >= 3 adverse events were observed in 22 patients (20.8%), and grade >= 4 events in 14 patients (13.2%). No grade 5 events were noted. Multivariate analysis (p = 0.003) found that Grade >= 3 toxic events increased with increasing implant volume (TV100). Local control, locoregional control, and distant control rates at 5 and 10 years were 89% and 87%, 82% and 80% and 75% and 69%, respectively. Multivariate analysis (p = 0.024) found that positive margins correlated with decreased local control. Disease-free survival and overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 64% and 59% and 73% and 62%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, disease-free survival rates decreased with increasing tumor size (p = 0.0001) and inadequate margins (p = 0.024), and overall survival decreased with increasing tumor size (p = 0.001) and male gender (p = 0.039). Conclusions: The combination of conservative surgery, high-dose PHDRB, and EBRT produces adequate function and local control in the majority of patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and the superficial trunk, including a substantial percentage of cases with positive margins. Patients with larger tumors are at a higher risk of complications, treatment failure, and cancer-related death and require an individualized treatment approach. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Revista:
BRACHYTHERAPY
ISSN:
1873-1449
Año:
2016
Vol.:
15
N°:
2
Págs.:
127 - 135
Purpose: To compare rectal toxicity, urinary toxicity, and nadir+2 PSA relapse-free survival (bRFS) in two consecutive Phase II protocols of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy used at the authors institution from 2001 to 2012. Methods and Materials: Patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high risk and very high risk prostate cancer enrolled in studies HDR4 (2001-2007, n = 183) and HDR2 (2007-2012, n = 56) were analyzed. Patients received minipelvis external beam radiation therapy/intensity-modulated external radiotherapy to 54 Gy and 2 years of androgen blockade along with HDR brachytherapy. HDR4 protocol consisted of four 4.75 Gy fractions delivered in 48 hours; the HDR2 protocol delivered two 9.5 Gy fractions in 24 hours. Average 2-Gy equivalent dose (¿/ß = 1.2) prostate D90 doses for the HDR4 and HDR2 groups were 89.8 Gy and 110.5 Gy, respectively (p = 0.0001). Both groups were well balanced regarding risk factors. Prior transurethral resection of the prostate was more frequent in the HDR2 group (p = 0.001). Results: After a median followup of 7.4 years (range, 2-11.2), there was no difference in adverse grade ¿ 2 rectal events (HDR4 = 10.4% vs. HDR2 = 12.5%; p = ns) or grade ¿3 (HDR4 = 2.2% vs. HDR2 = 3.6%; p = ns). No differences in urinary grade ¿2 adverse events (HDR4 = 23% vs. HDR2 = 26.8%; p = ns) or grade ¿3 (HDR4 = 7.7% vs. HDR2 = 8.9%; p = ns) were detected. The 7-year bRFS for HDR4 and HDR2 protocols was 88.7% and 87.8%, respectively (p = ns). Conclusions: HDR4 and HDR2 protocols produce similar results in terms of toxicity and bRFS at the intermediate time point of 7 years.
Revista:
BRACHYTHERAPY
ISSN:
1538-4721
Año:
2016
Vol.:
15
N°:
4
Págs.:
485 - 494
Purpose: To assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of free-hand intraoperative multicatheter breast implant (FHIOMBI) and perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (PHDRBT) in early breast cancer. Methods and Materials: Patients with early breast cancer candidates for breast conservative surgery (BCS) were prospectively enrolled. Patients suitable for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) (low or intermediate risk according GEC-ESTRO criteria) received PHDRBT (3.4 Gy BID × 10 in 5 days). Patients not suitable for APBI (high risk patients according GEC-ESTRO criteria) received PHDRBT boost (3.4 Gy BID × 4 in 2 days) followed by whole breast irradiation. Results: From June 2007 to November 2014, 119 patients were treated and 122 FHIOMBI procedures were performed. Median duration of FHIOMBI was 25 minutes. A median of eight catheters (range, 4-14) were used. No severe intraoperative complications were observed. Severe early postoperative complications (bleeding) were documented in 2 patients (1.6%), wound healing complications in 3 (2.4%), and infection (mastitis or abscess) in 2 (1.6%). PHDRBT was delivered as APBI in 88 cases (72.1%) and as a boost in 34 (27.8%). The median clinical target volume T was 40.8 cc (range, 12.3-160.5); median D90 was 3.32 Gy (range, 3.11-3.85); median dose homogeneity index was 0.72 (range, 0.48-0.82). With a median followup of 38.4 months (range, 8.7-98.7) no local, elsewhere, or regional relapses were observed; there was only one distant failure in PHDRBT boost. No major (acute or late) RTOG grade 3 or higher were documented in any of the 119 patients treated with PHDRBT. Cosmetic outcome in APBI patients was excellent or good in (87.0%) and fair or poor in (11.9%) while in boost patients was excellent or good in (76.4%) and fair in (23.5%). Conclusion: The FHIOMBI-PHDRBT program does not add complications to conservative surgery. It allows precise selection of APBI patients and offers excellent results in disease control and cosmetics. It also offers logistic advantages because it dramatically shortens the time of local treatment and avoids further invasive procedures.
Revista:
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
ISSN:
1699-3055
Año:
2016
Vol.:
18
N°:
3
Págs.:
259 - 268
Introduction: Lung cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in humans. Surgery is considered the best therapeutic approach for stage I non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC). However, a remarkable amount of patients are considered as inoperable. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has risen as an option for those patients, rendering excellent results in quality of life and survival. Materials and methods: We analyzed clinical studies published between 2002 and 2015 which included SBRT as a treatment modality. Our own clinical series was analyzed as well. The patterns of failure following SBRT were investigated, together with the outcomes and the toxicity observed. Results: SBRT has proven to maintain an excellent local control. The analysis showed the tumor size and the histology as determinant factors for the response to treatment. Conclusion: According to the published evidence as well as our own experience, SBRT is a safe and feasible approach for early NSCLC. Its results may be comparable with surgery treatment.
Revista:
CANCER RESEARCH
ISSN:
0008-5472
Año:
2015
Vol.:
75
N°:
12
Págs.:
2416 - 2425
Predictive biomarkers can play a key role in individualized disease monitoring. Unfortunately, the use of biomarkers in clinical settings has thus far been limited. We have previously shown that mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling enables integration of nonvalidated biomarker data to provide predictive model-based biomarkers for response classification. The biomarker model we developed incorporates an underlying latent variable (disease) representing (unobserved) tumor size dynamics, which is assumed to drive biomarker production and to be influenced by exposure to treatment. Here, we show that by integrating CT scan data, the population model can be expanded to include patient outcome. Moreover, we show that in conjunction with routine medical monitoring data, the population model can support accurate individual predictions of outcome. Our combined model predicts that a change in disease of 29.2% (relative standard error 20%) between two consecutive CT scans (i.e., 6-8 weeks) gives a probability of disease progression of 50%. We apply this framework to an external dataset containing biomarker data from 22 small cell lung cancer patients (four patients progressing during follow-up). Using only data up until the end of treatment (a total of 137 lactate dehydrogenase and 77 neuron-specific enolase observations), the statistical framework prospectively identified 75% of the individuals as having a predictable outcome in follow-up visits. This included two of the four patients who eventually progressed. In all identified individuals, the model-predicted outcomes matched the observed outcomes. This framework allows at risk patients to be identified early and therapeutic intervention/monitoring to be adjusted individually, which may improve overall patient survival.
Autores:
Rodrigues, G. (Autor de correspondencia); Oberije, C.; Senan, S.; et al.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
1879-355X
Año:
2015
Vol.:
91
N°:
1
Págs.:
133 - 139
Purpose: The clinical benefits and risks of dose escalation (DE) for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain uncertain despite the results from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) protocol 0617. There is significant heterogeneity of practice, with many clinicians prescribing intermediate dose levels between the 0617 study arms of 60 and 74 Gy. This study investigated whether this strategy is associated with any survival benefits/risks by analyzing a large multi-institutional database.
Methods and materials: An individual patient database of stage III NSCLC patients treated with radical intent concurrent chemoradiation therapy was created (13 institutions, n=1274 patients). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on tumor Biological Effective Dose at 10 Gy (BED 10): those receiving standard dose (SD; n=552), consisting of 72Gy ¿ BED 10 ¿ 76.8 Gy (eg 60-64 Gy/30-32 fractions [fr]), and those receiving intermediate dose (ID; n=497), consisting of 76.8Gy < BED 10 < 100.8 Gy (eg >64 Gy/32 fr and <74 Gy/37 fr), with lower-dose patients (n=225) excluded from consideration. Patients were then matched using propensity scores, leading to 2 matched groups of 196 patients. Outcomes were compared using various statistics including interquartile range (IQR), Kaplan-Meier curves, and adjusted Cox regression analysis.
Results: Matched groups were found to be balanced except for N stage (more N3 disease in SD), median treatment year (SD in 2003; ID in 2007), platinum and taxane chemotherapy (SD in 28%; ID in 39%), and median follow-up (SD were 89 months; ID were 40 months). Median dose fractionation was 60 Gy/30 fr in SD (BED 10 IQR: 72.0-75.5 Gy) and 66 Gy/33 fr (BED 10 IQR: 78.6-79.2 Gy) in ID. Survival curves for SD and ID matched cohorts were statistically similar (P=.27); however, a nonstatistically significant trend toward better survival for ID was observed after 15 months (median survival SD: 19.3 months; ID: 21.0 months). There was an increase in grades III to V lung toxicity associated with ID (13.0% vs 4.9%, respectively).
Conclusions: No significant overall survival benefits were found with intermediate DE; however, more grade III or greater lung toxicity was observed. The separation of survival curves after 15 months of follow-up suggests that a small overall survival improvement associated with intermediate DE cannot be excluded.
Revista:
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
ISSN:
1748-717X
Año:
2015
Vol.:
10
N°:
1
Págs.:
Article number 25
Background: Stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) is a novel and sophisticated radiation modality that involves the irradiation of extracranial tumors through precise and very high doses in patients with oligometastatic lung disease and primary lung tumors. Case presentation: A 52-year-old female with subclinical idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILD) and oligometastatic lung disease from squamous urethral cancer who was treated with SABR for a metastatic lesion located in the right lower pulmonary lobe. The patient received a hypo-fractionated course of SABR. A 3D-conformal multifield technique was used with six coplanar and one non-coplanar statics beams. A 48Gy total dose in three fractions over six days was prescribed to the 95% of the PTV. The presence of idiopathic ILD and other identifiable underlying lung conditions were not taken into account as a constraint to prescribe a different than standard total dose or fractionation schedule. Six months after the SABR treatment, a CT-scan showed the presence of a pneumomediastinum with air outside the bronchial tree and within the subcutaneous tissue without co-existing pneumothorax. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pneumomediastinum appearing 6months after SABR treatment for a lung metastasis located in the perihiliar/central tumors region as defined by the RTOG protocols as the proximal bronchial tree. Conclusion: Radiation oncologist should be aware of the potential risk of severe lung toxicity caused by SABR in patients with ILD, especially when chemotherapy-induced pulmonary toxicity is administered in a short time interval.
Revista:
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
ISSN:
0167-8140
Año:
2015
Vol.:
116
N°:
2
Págs.:
316 - 322
Purpose To evaluate the influence of equivalent dose (EQD2) in clinical outcomes of patients with isolated locally recurrent tumors (ILRT), treated with salvage surgery and intra-operative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT). Methods and materials We retrospectively reviewed 128 patients with non-metastatic ILRT of different tissues (soft tissue sarcomas, head and neck, uterine, and colorectal). Patients had received salvage surgery (R0/R1/R2) and IOERT. Previously not irradiated patients had received additional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Results IOERT was delivered at a median dose of 15 Gy (range, 5-25 Gy). Seventy-five patients (60.9%) received additional EBRT of 46 Gy. Median EQD2 of salvage program was 62 Gy and median EQD2 of exclusive IORT was 31.2 Gy. Median follow-up was 19.2 months (range: 1.3-220). Thirty-one patients (24.2%) developed severe (grade 3-5) complications. New locoregional recurrence was documented in 86 (67.2%) of the 123 cases. Five-year rates were 31% for locoregional control, 57% for distant metastasis-free and 31% for overall survival. On multivariate analysis, R0-1 vs. R2 resection (HR 2.2, 95 CI: 1.2-4.1) was statistically significant for locoregional recurrence and EQD2 ¿62 Gy for survival (HR 2.2, 95 CI: 1.1-4.1). Conclusions Surgical radicality (gross macroscopic resection) and radiation dose (EQD2 ¿62 Gy in radiation salvage program) are the dominant prognostic factors beside ILRT histology. Modest rates of long-term disease control are expected when both factors are fulfilled.
Revista:
BRACHYTHERAPY
ISSN:
1538-4721
Año:
2015
Vol.:
14
N°:
1
Págs.:
62 - 70
PURPOSE: To assess the toxicity and efficacy of salvage wide resection (SWR) with intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT) or perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (PHDRB) in previously unirradiated patients (PUP) vs. previously irradiated patients (PIP) with isolated local recurrence of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities and the superficial trunk. METHODS AND MATERIALS: PUP received SWR and IOERT/PHDRB with external beam radiation therapy. PIP received SWR and IOERT/PHDRB only. RESULTS: Fifty patients were analyzed retrospectively. PUP (n = 24; 48%) received IOERT (n = 13) or PHDRB (n = 11). PIP (n = 26; 52%) received IOERT (n = 10) or PHDRB (n = 16). Reintervention because of complications was not required in PUP. Nine of 26 (34%) PIP required reintervention (p = 0.01). After a median followup of 3.7 years (range, 0.2-18.3), the 5-year rates of locoregional control, distant control, and overall survival were 54%, 66%, and 56%, respectively. Five-year locoregional control was higher in PUP than in PIP (81% vs. 26%, p = 0.01) and in the extremity locations compared with trunk locations (68% vs. 28%, p = 0.001). Five-year overall survival was superior in unifocal vs. multifocal presentations (70% vs. 36%, p = 0.03) and for tumor sizes <4 vs. >= 4 cm (74% vs. 50%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prior irradiation is the main determinant of locoregional control in patients with isolated local recurrence of STS. The locoregional control rates in PUP were similar to those described in primary STS. In PIP, SWR + IOERT/PHDRB reirradiation yielded modest locoregional control rates and was associated with significant morbidity, especially in PHDRB cases. (C) 2015 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Revista:
AAPS JOURNAL
ISSN:
1550-7416
Año:
2014
Vol.:
16
N°:
3
Págs.:
609 - 619
The development of individualized therapies poses a major challenge in oncology. Significant hurdles to overcome include better disease monitoring and early prediction of clinical outcome. Current clinical practice consists of using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) to categorize response to treatment. However, the utility of RECIST is restricted due to limitations on the frequency of measurement and its categorical rather than continuous nature. We propose a population modeling framework that relates circulating biomarkers in plasma, easily obtained from patients, to tumor progression levels assessed by imaging scans (i.e., RECIST categories). We successfully applied this framework to data regarding lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) concentrations in patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). LDH and NSE have been proposed as independent prognostic factors for SCLC. However, their prognostic and predictive value has not been demonstrated in the context of standard clinical practice. Our model incorporates an underlying latent variable ("disease level") representing (unobserved) tumor size dynamics, which is assumed to drive biomarker production and to be influenced by exposure to treatment; these assumptions are in agreement with the known physiology of SCLC and these biomarkers. Our model predictions of unobserved disease level are strongly correlated with disease progression measured by RECIST criteria. In conclusion, the proposed framework enables prediction of treatment outcome based on circulating biomarkers and therefore can be a powerful tool to help clinicians monitor disease in SCLC.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
ISSN:
1479-5876
Año:
2013
Vol.:
11
Págs.:
13
Background: Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) and 3 (Id3) genes have been related with the inhibition of cell differentiation, cell growth promotion and tumor metastasis. Recently, Id1 has been identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, regardless of the stage. Furthermore, Id1 may confer resistance to treatment (both, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Methods: We have studied, using monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry, the Id1 and Id3 tumor epithelial expression in 17 patients with stage III-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Results: Id1 expression is observed in 82.4% of the tumors, whereas Id3 expression is present in 41.2% of the samples. Interestingly, Id1 and Id3 expression are mutually correlated (R = 0.579, p = 0.015). In a subgroup analysis of patients with the most locally advanced disease (T4N2 stage), co-expression of Id1 and Id3 showed to be related with a worse overall survival (45 vs 6 months, p = 0.002). A trend towards significance for a worse progression free survival (30 vs 1 months, p = 0.219) and a lower response rate to the treatment (RR = 50% vs 87.5%, p = 0.07) were also observed. Conclusions: A correlation between Id1 and Id3 protein expression is observed. Id1 and Id3 co-expression seems associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.
Autores:
Palma, D. A. (Autor de correspondencia); Senan, S.; Oberije, C.; et al.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
0360-3016
Año:
2013
Vol.:
87
N°:
4
Págs.:
690 - 696
Purpose: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) improves survival compared with sequential treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, but it increases toxicity, particularly radiation esophagitis (RE). Validated predictors of RE for clinical use are lacking. We performed an individual-patient-data meta-analysis to determine factors predictive of clinically significant RE.
Methods and materials: After a systematic review of the literature, data were obtained on 1082 patients who underwent CCRT, including patients from Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets (2/3 vs 1/3 of patients). Factors predictive of RE (grade¿2 and grade¿3) were assessed using logistic modeling, with the concordance statistic (c statistic) used to evaluate the performance of each model.
Results: The median radiation therapy dose delivered was 65 Gy, and the median follow-up time was 2.1 years. Most patients (91%) received platinum-containing CCRT regimens. The development of RE was common, scored as grade 2 in 348 patients (32.2%), grade 3 in 185 (17.1%), and grade 4 in 10 (0.9%). There were no RE-related deaths. On univariable analysis using the training set, several baseline factors were statistically predictive of RE (P<.05), but only dosimetric factors had good discrimination scores (c>.60). On multivariable analysis, the esophageal volume receiving ¿60 Gy (V60) alone emerged as the best predictor of grade¿2 and grade¿3 RE, with good calibration and discrimination. Recursive partitioning identified 3 risk groups: low (V60<0.07%), intermediate (V60 0.07% to 16.99%), and high (V60¿17%). With use of the validation set, the predictive model performed inferiorly for the grade¿2 endpoint (c=.58) but performed well for the grade¿3 endpoint (c=.66).
Conclusions: Clinically significant RE is common, but life-threatening complications occur in <1% of patients. Although several factors are statistically predictive of RE, the V60 alone provides the best predictive ability. Efforts to reduce the V60 should be prioritized, with further research needed to identify and validate new predictive factors.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
0360-3016
Año:
2012
Vol.:
82
N°:
3
Págs.:
E469-E476
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
0360-3016
Año:
2012
Vol.:
83
N°:
2
Págs.:
587-593
PURPOSE:
To validate tolerance and pathological complete response rate (pCR) of a 4-week preoperative course of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
METHODS AND MATERIALS:
Patients with T3 to T4 and/or N+ rectal cancer received preoperative IMRT (47.5 Gy in 19 fractions) with concurrent capecitabine (825 mg/m(2) b.i.d., Monday to Friday) and oxaliplatin (60 mg/m(2) on Days 1, 8, and 15). Surgery was scheduled 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. Primary end points were toxicity and pathological response rate. Local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed.
RESULTS:
A total of 100 patients were evaluated. Grade 1 to 2 proctitis was observed in 73 patients (73%). Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 9% of the patients. Grade 3 proctitis in 18% of the first 50 patients led to reduction of the dose per fraction to 47.5 Gy in 20 treatments. The rate of Grade 3 proctitis decreased to 4% thereafter (odds ratio, 0.27). A total of 99 patients underwent surgery. A pCR was observed in 13% of the patients, major response (96-100% of histological response) in 48%, and pN downstaging in 78%. An R0 resection was performed in 97% of the patients. After a median follow-up of 55 months, the LC, DFS, and OS rates were 100%, 84%, and 87%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative CAPOX-IMRT therapy (47.5 Gy in 20 fractions) is feasible
Revista:
BRACHYTHERAPY
ISSN:
1538-4721
Año:
2012
Vol.:
11
N°:
2
Págs.:
119-124
Revista:
RADIATION ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND)
ISSN:
1748-717X (Electronic)
Año:
2012
Vol.:
7
Págs.:
50
Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a radiation technique used in patients with oligometastatic lung disease. Lung and chest wall toxicities have been described in the patients but pathological vertebral fracture is an adverse effect no reported in patients treated with SBRT for lung metastases.
Case presentation: A 68-year-old woman with the diagnosis of a recurrence of a single lung metastatic nodule of urothelial carcinoma after third line of chemotherapy. The patient received a hypo-fractionated course of SBRT.A 3D-conformal multifield technique was used with six coplanar and one non-coplanar statics beams. A total dose of 48 Gy in three fractions over six days was prescribed to the 95% of the CTV. Ten months after the SBRT procedure, a CT scan showed complete response of the metastatic disease without signs of radiation pneumonitis. However, rib and vertebral bone toxicities were observed with the fracture-collapse of the 7th and 8th vertebral bodies and a fracture of the 7th and 8th left ribs. We report a unique case of pathological vertebral fracture appearing ten months after SBRT for an asymptomatic growing lung metastases of urothelial carcinoma.
Conclusion: Though SBRT allows for minimization of normal tissue exposure to high radiation doses SBRT tolerance for vertebral bone tissue has been poorly evaluated in patients with lung tumors. Oncologists should be alert to the potential risk of fatal bone toxicity caused by this novel treatment. We recommend BMD testing in all woman over 65 years old with clinical risk factors that could contribute to low BMD. If low BMD is demonstrated, we should carefully restrict the maximum radiation dose in the vertebral body in order to avoid intermediate or low radiation dose to the whole vertebral body.
Revista:
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
ISSN:
1699-048X
Año:
2012
Vol.:
14
N°:
11
Págs.:
835-41
The management of operable locally advanced N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a controversial topic. Concurrent chemoradiation (CT-RT) is considered the standard of care for inoperable or unresectable patients, but the role of trimodality treatment remains controversial. We present our institution's experience with the management of stage III (N2) NSCLC patients, analyzing whether the addition of surgery improves survival when compared with definitive CT-RT alone.
METHODS:
From 1996 to 2006, 72 N2 NSCLC patients were treated. Thirty-four patients received cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy, followed by paclitaxel-cisplatin CT-RT, and 38 patients underwent surgery preceded by induction and/or followed by adjuvant therapy. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the differences were assessed with the log-rank test.
RESULTS:
Most of the patients (87 %) were men. The median age was 59 years. A statistically significant association between T3-T4c and definitive CT-RT as well as between T1-T2c and surgery was noted (p < 0.0001). After a median follow-up period of 35 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 42 months for the surgery group versus 41 months for the CT-RT patients (p = 0.590). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14 months after surgery and 25 months after CT-RT (p = 0.933). Responders to radical CT-RT had a better OS than non-responders (43 vs. 17 months, respectively, p = 0.011). No significant differences were found in
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
1879-355X
Año:
2011
Vol.:
81
N°:
4
Págs.:
E245-E254
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
0360-3016
Año:
2011
Vol.:
79
N°:
4
Págs.:
1158 - 1163
Purpose
To determine patient, tumor, and treatment factors predictive of local control (LC) in a series of patients treated with either perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (PHDRB) alone (Group 1) or with PHDRB combined with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (Group 2).
Patient and Methods
Patients (n = 312) enrolled in several PHDRB prospective Phase I¿II studies conducted at the Clínica Universidad de Navarra were analyzed. Treatment with PHDRB alone, mainly because of prior irradiation, was used in 126 patients to total doses of 32 Gy/8 b.i.d. or 40 Gy/10 b.i.d. treatments after R0 or R1 resections. Treatment with PHDRB plus EBRT was used in 186 patients to total doses of 16 Gy/4 b.i.d. or 24 Gy/6 b.i.d. treatments after R0 or R1 resections along with 45 Gy of EBRT with or without concomitant chemotherapy.
Results
No dose-margin interaction was observed in Group 1 patients. In Group 2 patients there was a significant interaction between margin status and 2-Gy equivalent (Eq2Gy) dose (p = 0.002): (1) patients with negative margins had 9-year LC of 95.7% at Eq2Gy = 62.9Gy; (2) patients with close margins of >1 mm had 9-year LC of 92.4% at Eq2Gy = 72.2Gy, and (3) patients with positive/close <1-mm margins had 9-year LC of 68.0% at Eq2Gy = 72.2Gy.
Conclusions
Two-gray equivalent doses ¿70 Gy may compensate the effect of close margins ¿1 mm but do not counterbalance the detrimental effect of unfavorable (positive/close <1 mm) resection margins. No dose¿margin interaction is observed in patients treated at lower Eq2Gy doses ¿50 Gy with PHDRB alone.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
0360-3016
Año:
2011
Vol.:
81
N°:
2
Págs.:
439 - 444
Purpose: The main goals of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) in rectal cancer are to achieve pathological response and to ensure tumor control with functional surgery when possible. Assessment of the concordance between clinical and pathological responses is necessary to make decisions regarding alternative conservative procedures. The present study evaluates the patterns of response after a preoperative CHRT regimen, and the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in assessing response. Methods and Materials: A total of 51 EUS-staged T3 to T4 and/or N0 to N+ rectal cancer patients received preoperative CHRT (intensity-modulated radiation therapy and capecitabine/oxaliplatin (XELOX) followed by radical resection. Clinical response was assesed by EUS. Rates of pathological tumor regression grade (TRG) and lymph node (LN) involvement were determined in the surgical specimen. Clinical and pathological responses were compared, and the accuracy of EUS in assessing response was calculated. Results: Twenty-four patients (45%) achieved a major pathological response (complete or >95% pathological response (TRG 3+/4)). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of EUS in predicting pathological T response after preoperative CHRT were 77.8%, 37.5%, 60%, and 58%, respectively. The EUS sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for nodal staging were 44%, 88%, 88%, and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, EUS after CHRT accurately predicted the absence of LN involvement in 7 of 7 patients (100%) with major pathological response of the primary tumor. Conclusion: Preoperative IMRT with concomitant XELOX induces favorable rates of major pathological response. EUS has a limited ability to predict primary tumor response after preoperative CHRT, but it is useful for accurately determining LN status. EUS may have a potential value in identifying patients with a very low risk of LN involvement in association with a good pathological response as potential candidates for conservative local surgical protocols. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc.
Revista:
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS
ISSN:
1537-453X
Año:
2010
Vol.:
33
N°:
2
Págs.:
137-143
Revista:
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
ISSN:
1748-717X
Año:
2010
Vol.:
5
Págs.:
17
Purpose: To compare target dose distribution, comformality, normal tissue avoidance, and irradiated body volume (IBV) in 3DCRT using classic anatomical landmarks (c3DCRT), 3DCRT fitting the PTV (f3DCRT), and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).
Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with LARC underwent c3DCRT, f3DCRT, and IMRT planning. Target definition followed the recommendations of the ICRU reports No. 50 and 62. OAR (SB and bladder) constraints were D5 < or = 50 Gy and Dmax < 55 Gy. PTV dose prescription was defined as PTV95 > or = 45 Gy and PTVmin > or = 35 Gy. Target coverage was evaluated with the D95, Dmin, and Dmax. Target dose distribution and comformality was evaluated with the homogeneity indices (HI) and Conformity Index (CI). Normal tissue avoidance of OAR was evaluated with the D5 and V40. IBV at 5 Gy (V5), 10 Gy (V10), and 20 Gy (V20) were calculated.
Results: The mean GTV95, CTV95, and PTV95 doses were significantly lower for IMRT plans. Target dose distribution was more inhomogeneous after IMRT planning and 3DCRTplans had significantly lower CI. The V40 and D5 values for OAR were significantly reduced in the IMRT plans .V5 was greater for IMRT than for f3DCRT planning (p < 0.05) and V20 was smaller for IMRT plans(p < 0.05).
Conclusions: IMRT planning improves target conformity and decreases irradiation of the OAR at the expense of increased target heterogeneity. IMRT planning increases the IBV at 5 Gy or less but decreases the IBV at 20 Gy or more.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
ISSN:
1879-355X
Año:
2010
Vol.:
76
N°:
2
Págs.:
386-392
Revista:
BRACHYTHERAPY
ISSN:
1873-1449
Año:
2010
Vol.:
9
N°:
1
Págs.:
8-14
Revista:
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY
ISSN:
0344-5704
Año:
2010
Vol.:
65
N°:
3
Págs.:
457 - 465
Purpose
Capecitabine is effective against metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We hypothesized that sequential treatment with dose-dense epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) and docetaxel/capecitabine would be active and tolerable in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting.
Methods
In this prospective phase II clinical trial patients with HER2-negative and node-positive or locally advanced tumors were eligible to receive four cycles of EC (100/600 mg/m2) every 2 weeks with G-CSF on days 3¿10, followed by four cycles of docetaxel/capecitabine (75/1,000 mg/m2 b.i.d., days 1¿14) every 3 weeks.
Results
Fifty-five patients were enrolled with median age of 49, and 80% had hormone receptor-positive disease. The median tumor size was 2.5 cm, with a median of two axillary nodes involved. Seventy-five percent of the first 20 patients had grade 2/3 hand-foot syndrome (HFS). Dose reduction of capecitabine to 800 mg/m2 reduced the grade 2/3 HFS incidence to 31% in the remaining patients. No grade 4/5 toxicities were observed. All 20 patients treated preoperatively responded, with 5 (25%) pathologic complete responses and 3 additional pT0N1 tumors. At a median follow-up of 48 (range 28¿60) months, the event-free and overall survival rates are 91 and 98%, respectively.
Conclusions
Sequential treatment with dose-dense EC followed by docetaxel/capecitabine, using a lower capecitabine dose than that approved for MBC, has an acceptable toxicity profile and encouraging activity when used as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
Nacionales y Regionales
Título:
platafoRma de intElIgeNcia artiFicial para la predicción de tOxicidad y Recurrencia del CancE
Código de expediente:
0011-1411-2020-000074
Investigador principal:
Javier Rodríguez Rodríguez
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2020 GN PROYECTOS ESTRATEGICOS DE I+D 2020-2022
Fecha de inicio:
22/06/2020
Fecha fin:
30/11/2022
Importe concedido:
212.396,26€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
Identificación de biomarcadores para la detección de radionecrosis en pacientes tratados con radioterapia estereopática y desarrollo experimental de nuevas terapias para su prevención.
Código de expediente:
PI20/01531
Investigador principal:
José Javier Aristu Mendioroz
Financiador:
INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III
Convocatoria:
2020 AES Proyectos de investigación
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2021
Fecha fin:
31/12/2023
Importe concedido:
123.420,00€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
Administración intratumoral de agentes inmunoterápicos y radioterapia para potenciar los efectos sistémicos y locales antitumorales
Código de expediente:
PI20/00434
Investigador principal:
María Esperanza Rodríguez Ruiz
Financiador:
INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III
Convocatoria:
2020 AES Proyectos de investigación
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2021
Fecha fin:
31/12/2023
Importe concedido:
111.320,00€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
Desarrollo tecnológico y validación clínica de una estrategia de raido terapia adaptativa en cáncer de pulmón
Código de expediente:
PI16/00899
Financiador:
INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III
Convocatoria:
2016 AES PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2017
Fecha fin:
31/12/2020
Importe concedido:
74.415,00€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
