Aims To identify the most effective interventions to empower cardiorenal patients. Design A systematic review of the literature has been carried out. Data sources The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were reviewed, and journals in the field were manually searched between January and February 2020. Review methods Five randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies that met the selection and CONSORT & TREND methodological quality criteria were selected. Results The evidence supports that there are no existing interventions aimed at empowering cardiorenal patients. However, the interventions to empower people with chronic kidney disease and heart failure suggest that their integration should address seven domains: patient education, sense of self-management, constructive coping, peer sharing, enablement, self-efficacy and quality of life. Conclusion A gap has been revealed in the literature regarding the empowerment of cardiorenal patients. This review provides relevant information to help design, implement and evaluate interventions to empower these patients by describing the strategies used to empower people experiencing both chronic conditions and the tools used for their assessment. Impact There is a need for further research to design, implement and evaluate a multidimensional intervention that favours the empowerment of cardiorenal patients by using valid and reliable instruments that measure the domains that constitute it in an integrated manner. Interventions aimed at empowering the cardiorenal patient should include seven domains: patient education, sense of self-management, constructive coping, peer sharing, enablement, self-efficacy and quality of life.

Patients with the dual burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic congestive heart failure (HF) experience unacceptably high rates of symptom load, hospitalization, and mortality. Currently, concerted efforts to identify, prevent and treat HF in CKD patients are lacking at the institutional level, with emphasis still being placed on individual specialty views on this topic. The authors of this review paper endorse the need for a dedicated cardiorenal interdisciplinary team that includes nephrologists and renal nurses and jointly manages appropriate clinical interventions across the inpatient and outpatient settings. There is a critical need for guidelines and best clinical practice models from major cardiology and nephrology professional societies, as well as for research funding in both specialties to focus on the needs of future therapies for HF in CKD patients. The implementation of cross-specialty educational programs across all levels in cardiology and nephrology will help train future specialists and nurses who have the ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent HF in CKD patients in a precise, clinically effective, and cost-favorable manner.

Incorpora un sistema anual de autoevaluación y acreditación dentro de un Programa de Formación Continuada sobre la revisión de conocimientos para la atención de enfermería al paciente adulto en estado crítico. Uno de los objetivos de ENFERMERÍA INTENSIVA es que sirva como instrumento educativo y formativo en esta área y estimule el estudio continuado. Las personas interesadas en acceder a la obtención de los créditos de Formación Continuada, que a través de la SEEIUC otorga la Comisión Nacional de Formación Continuada, deberán remitir cumplimentada la hoja de respuestas adjunta (no se admiten fotocopias), dentro de los 2 meses siguientes a la aparición de cada número, a la Secretaría de la SEEIUC. Vicente Caballero, 17. 28007 Madrid.

ENFERMERÍA INTENSIVA incorpora un sistema anual de autoevaluación y acreditación dentro de un Programa de Formación Continuada sobre la revisión de conocimientos para la atención de enfermería al paciente adulto en estado crítico. Uno de los objetivos de ENFERMERÍA INTENSIVA es que sirva como instrumento educativo y formativo en esta área y estimule el estudio continuado.