Revistas
Revista:
NUTRIENTS
ISSN:
2072-6643
Año:
2023
Vol.:
15
N°:
10
Págs.:
2375
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new nutritional intervention, focused on improving the quality of the diet in children aged 6 to 12 years. A 2-month parallel, controlled randomized trial was conducted in the Spanish child population. The children were randomized to ALINFA nutritional intervention, which consisted of a normocaloric diet that incorporates products, ready-to-eat meals and healthy recipes specifically designed for the study, or a control group, which received the usual advice on healthy eating. The change in diet quality was assessed through the Kidmed index. The secondary outcomes were anthropometry, glucose and lipid profiles, inflammation markers, dietary intake and lifestyle. The participants in the intervention group showed an increase in the mean score of the Kidmed index (p < 0.001). Alongside that, these children decreased their intake of calories (p = 0.046), and total and saturated fat (p = 0.016//p = 0.011), and increased fiber intake (p < 0.001). Likewise, the children in the ALINFA group increased the intake of white fish (p = 0.001), pulses (p = 0.004), whole grains (p < 0.001) and nuts (p < 0.001), and decreased fatty meat (p = 0.014), refined grain (p = 0.008), pastry (p < 0.001), fast food (p < 0.001) and sugar (p = 0.001) intake. Moreover, these children had a significantly decreased BMI (p < 0.001), BMI z-score (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.016) and fat mass (p = 0.011), as well as leptin (p = 0.004). Participants in the control group did not report significant changes in diet quality. In conclusion, ALINFA nutritional intervention is possibly a useful strategy to increase the diet quality in children, which is associated to improvements in the nutritional status. These results highlight the importance of developing well-designed nutritional interventions.
Revista:
CLINICAL NUTRITION
ISSN:
0261-5614
Año:
2022
Vol.:
41
N°:
8
Págs.:
1712 - 1723
Background & aims: The response to weight loss depends on the interindividual variability of determinants such as gut microbiota and genetics. The aim of this investigation was to develop an integrative model using microbiota and genetic information to prescribe the most suitable diet for a successful weight loss in individuals with excess of body weight. Methods: A total of 190 Spanish overweight and obese participants were randomly assigned to two hypocaloric diets for 4 months: 61 women and 29 men followed a moderately high protein (MHP) diet, and 72 women and 28 men followed a low fat (LF) diet. Baseline fecal DNA was sequenced and used for the construction of four microbiota subscores associated with the percentage of BMI loss for each diet (MHP and LF) and for each sex. Bootstrapping techniques and multiple linear regression models were used for the selection of families, genera and species included in the subscores. Finally, two total microbiota scores were generated for each sex. Two genetic subscores previously reported to weight loss were used to generate a total genetic score. In an attempt to personalize the weight loss prescription, several linear mixed models that included interaction with diet between microbiota scores and genetic scores for both, men and women, were studied. Results: The microbiota subscore for the women who followed the MHP-diet included Coprococcus, Dorea, Flavonifractor, Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium bolteaea. For LF-diet women, Cytophagaceae, Catabacteriaceae, Flammeovirgaceae, Rhodobacteriaceae, Clostridium-x1vb, Bacteriodes nordiiay, Alistipes senegalensis, Blautia wexlerae and Psedoflavonifractor phocaeensis. For MHP-diet men, Cytophagaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Marinilabiliaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Fusicatenibacter, Odoribacter and Ruminococcus faecis; and for LF-men, Porphyromanadaceae, Intestinimonas, Bacteroides finegoldii and Clostridium bartlettii. The mixed models with microbiota scores facilitated the selection of diet in 72% of women and in 84% of men. The model including genetic information allows to select the type of diet in 84% and 73%, respectively.
Revista:
EPIGENETICS
ISSN:
1559-2294
Año:
2022
Vol.:
17
N°:
1
Págs.:
81 - 92
Differentially methylated regions (DMR) are genomic regions with different methylation status. The aim of this research was to identify DMRs in subjects with obesity that predict the response to a weight-loss dietary intervention and its association with metabolic variables. Based on the change in body mass index (BMI), 201 subjects with overweight and obesity were categorized in tertiles according to their response to a hypocaloric diet: Responders (R; n = 64) and Non-Responders (NR; n = 63). The R group lost 4.55 +/- 0.91 BMI units (kg/m(2)) and the NR group lost 1.95 +/- 0.73 kg/m(2) (p < 0.001). DNA methylation was analysed in buffy coat through a methylation array at baseline. DMRs were analysed using a function of ChAMP (Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline) in R software. Baseline DNA methylation analysis between R and NR exhibited a DMR located at paraoxonase 3 gene (PON3) consisting of 13 CpG sites, eleven of them significantly hypermethylated in R. To analyse the implication of these 11 CpGs on weight loss, a z-score was performed as a measure of DMR methylation. This analysis showed a correlation between PON3 DNA methylation and BMI loss. This z-score negatively correlated with PON3 protein serum levels. Total paraoxonase activity in serum was not different between groups, but PON enzymatic activity positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels. The present study identified a DMR within PON3 gene that is related to PON3 protein levels in serum, and that could be used as a potential biomarker to predict the response to weight-loss dietary interventions.
Revista:
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
ISSN:
1436-6207
Purpose Obesity has been related to intestinal dysbiosis and the modification of gut microbiota composition by dietary strategies becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two weight-loss diets on the composition and functional profile of gut microbiota. Methods 55 men and 124 women with BMI > 25 kg/m(2) were randomly assigned to moderately high-protein (MHP) or low-fat (LF) diet. Differences in fecal bacteria abundance (based on 16 s rRNA sequencing) between before and after 4 months of calorie restriction was analyzed using EdgeR tool in MicrobiomeAnalyst platform. Bacterial functional profile was predicted using Tax4Fun and metagenomeSeq analysis. Significant KEGG Orthology (KO) terms were selected for the metabolomic study using chromatography. Results After the intervention, MHP-men showed a significant decrease in Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Dielma and Dielma fastidiosa. LF-men showed a significant increase in Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Christensenellaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Streptococcaceae, Peptococcus, Streptococcus and Christensenella, Duncaniella dubosii_CP039396_93.49%, Roseburia sp_AB744234_98.96% and Alistipes inops_KJ572413_99.57%. MHP-women increased Pasteurellales, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans_LR215981_99.55% and decreased in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens_NR112902_99.56%. Finally, LF-women presented a significant decrease in Bacteroides clarus and Erysipelothrix inopinata_CP060715_84.4%. Surprisingly, no matching bacterial changes were found between these four groups. A total of 42 KO, 10 metabolic pathways and 107 related metabolites related were found implicated in these bacterial changes. Seven metabolites were confirmed in plasma. Conclusion Weight-loss-related-changes in gut microbiome composition and the functional profile occur in a sex- and diet-related manner, showing that women and men could differentially benefit from the consumption of MHP and LF diets.
Autores:
Sandra González-Casado; Lucía Martínez Virto; Amaia Azcona Martínez; et al.
Revista:
TECNIFOOD
ISSN:
1138-9028
Año:
2021
N°:
136
Págs.:
83 - 84
Revista:
NUTRIENTS
ISSN:
2072-6643
Año:
2021
Vol.:
13
N°:
7
Págs.:
2465
Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.
Revista:
NUTRIENTS
ISSN:
2072-6643
Año:
2020
Vol.:
12
N°:
1
Págs.:
33
This study aimed to nutrigenetically screen gene-diet and gene-metabolic interactions influencing insulin resistance (IR) phenotypes. A total of 232 obese or overweight adults were categorized by IR status: non-IR (HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance) index <= 2.5) and IR (HOMA-IR index > 2.5). A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was constructed using 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms related to energy homeostasis, which were genotyped by a next generation sequencing system. Body composition, the metabolic profile and lifestyle variables were evaluated, where individuals with IR showed worse metabolic outcomes. Overall, 16 obesity-predisposing genetic variants were associated with IR (p < 0.10 in the multivariate model). The wGRS strongly associated with the HOMA-IR index (adj. R squared = 0.2705, p < 0.0001). Moreover, the wGRS positively interacted with dietary intake of cholesterol (P int. = 0.002), and with serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P int. = 0.008) regarding IR status, whereas a negative interaction was found regarding adiponectin blood levels (P int. = 0.006). In conclusion, this study suggests that interactions between an adiposity-based wGRS with nutritional and metabolic/endocrine features influence IR phenotypes, which could facilitate the prescription of personalized nutrition recommendations for precision prevention and management of IR and diabetes.
Revista:
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
ISSN:
0002-9165
Año:
2020
Vol.:
111
N°:
2
Págs.:
459 - 470
Background: Interindividual variability in weight loss and metabolic responses depends upon interactions between genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. Objective: We aimed to model an integrative (nutri) prototype based on genetic, phenotypic, and environmental information for the personalized prescription of energy-restricted diets with different macronutrient distribution. Methods: A 4-mo nutritional intervention was conducted in 305 overweight/obese volunteers involving 2 energy-restricted diets (30% restriction) with different macronutrient distribution: a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet (30% proteins, 30% lipids, and 40% carbohydrates) and a low-fat (LF) diet (22% lipids, 18% proteins, and 60% carbohydrates). A total of 201 subjects with good dietary adherence were genotyped for 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to energy homeostasis. Genotyping was performed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Two weighted genetic risk scores for the MHP (wGRS1) and LF (wGRS2) diets were computed using statistically relevant SNPs. Multiple linear regression models were performed to estimate percentage BMI decrease depending on the dietary macronutrient composition. Results: After energy restriction, both the MHP and LF diets induced similar significant decreases in adiposity, body composition, and blood pressure, and improved the lipid profile. Furthermore, statistically relevant differences in anthropometric and biochemical markers depending on sex and age were found. BMI decrease in the MHP diet was best predicted at similar to 28% (optimism-corrected adjusted R-2 = 0.279) by wGRS1 and age, whereas wGRS2 and baseline energy intake explained similar to 29% (optimism-corrected adjusted R-2 = 0.287) of BMI decrease variability in the LF diet. The incorporation of these predictive models into a decision algorithm allowed the personalized prescription of the MHP and LF diets. Conclusions: Different genetic, phenotypic, and exogenous factors predict BMI decreases depending on the administration of a hypocaloric MHP diet or an LF diet. This holistic approach may help to personalize dietary advice for the management of excessive body weight using precision nutrition variables. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02737267.
Revista:
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
ISSN:
0014-2972
Año:
2020
Vol.:
50
N°:
11
Págs.:
e13307
Background: Obesity is a major public health problem, which continues to be diagnosed and classified by BMI, excluding the most elemental concepts of the precision medicine approach. Obesity does not equally affect males and females, even with the same BMI. Microalbuminuria is a risk marker of cardiovascular disease closely related to obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gender-dependent differences in the development of early obesity-related disease, focusing on pathologic microalbuminuria (PMA).
Material and methods: We developed a single-centre cross-sectional study including 1068 consecutive adults from May 2016 to January 2018, divided into two groups: one including the first 787 patients attended, evaluated as a description population; the second group included 281 subjects analysed as an external validation population. Collected data included medical history, anthropometric measures, abdominal bioimpedance and routine laboratory tests.
Results: First, we confirmed the lack of accuracy of classic obesity measures in predicting microalbuminuria. Second, we tested the utility of a tailored evaluation to predict PMA, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.78 for females and 0.82 for males. We also confirmed the different physiology of visceral adiposity for males when compared to females, in which small variations of fat mass entail major changes in the clinical repercussion. Third, we performed an external validation of our results, achieving a 77% accuracy rate.
Conclusions: Our findings support that there is an individual threshold of fat amount necessary to develop obesity-dependent PMA and that gender plays a major role in the interplay between PMA and adiposity.
Revista:
NUTRIENTS
ISSN:
2072-6643
Año:
2019
Vol.:
11
N°:
6
Págs.:
E1206
Current evidence proposes diet quality as a modifiable risk factor for mental or emotional impairments. However, additional studies are required to investigate the effect of dietary patterns and weight loss on improving psychological symptoms. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of energy-restriction, prescribed to overweight and obese participants, on anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the potential predictive value of some baseline psychological features on weight loss. Overweight and obese participants (n = 305) were randomly assigned for 16 weeks to two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution: a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet and a low-fat (LF) diet. Anthropometrical, clinical, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The nutritional intervention evidenced that weight loss has a beneficial effect on trait anxiety score in women (beta = 0.24, p = 0.03), depression score in all population (beta = 0.15, p = 0.02), particularly in women (beta = 0.22, p = 0.03) and in subjects who followed the LF diet (beta = 0.22, p = 0.04). Moreover, weight loss could be predicted by anxiety status at baseline, mainly in women and in those who were prescribed a LF diet. This trial suggests that weight loss triggers an improvement in psychological traits, and that anxiety symptoms could predict those volunteers that benefit most from a balanced calorie-restricted intervention, which will contribute to individualized precision nutrition.
Revista:
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
ISSN:
0212-1611
Año:
2019
Vol.:
36
N°:
4
Págs.:
862 - 874
Background: there are numerous approaches to assess nutritional status, which are putatively applied to nutritionally classify diseased people, but less information is available to study the role of environmental factors on nutritional well-being. A qualitative (nutritypes) and quantitative (nutrimeter) nutritional categorization based on dietary, lifestyle and disease criteria can be a useful nutritional approach to personalize health interventions and identify at risk individuals. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted on 102 patients (60 women), evaluating quality of life using the Short-Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) and lifestyle factors with a general questionnaire, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A nutrimeter based on physical activity, fat mass, diet and diseases (hypertension, prediabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia) data was defined with an equation to quantitatively score the nutritive well-being of the participants, and classify them into two (proto)nutritypes. Results: participants were categorized into two groups (lower/higher global health) according to quality of life. Significant or marginal statistical differences in physical activity, fat mass, diet and disease were found (all p < 0.1). Two (proto)nutritypes were identified based on participant's age, sex, fat mass, physical activity, diet and diseases. Participants classified as high nutritional well-being nutritype showed higher value
Revista:
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
ISSN:
2042-0188
Año:
2019
Vol.:
10
Págs.:
1 - 12
Revista:
JOURNAL OF NEGATIVE & NO POSITIVE RESULTS
ISSN:
2529-850X
Año:
2019
Vol.:
4
N°:
2
Págs.:
159 - 171
Background. Few studies have examined the influence of personal, phenotypical and lifestyle habits on quality of life related to health.
Methods. Cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 106 patients (63 women). Quality of life was measured by the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire while lifestyle factors were evaluated with a general questionnaire developed by the authors of the study, with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Participants were divided into two groups (lower and higher global health) attended to their punctuation on the SF-36.
Results. The 8 domains of the SF-36, quantifying the quality of life, were influenced by sex and age. A total of 51 out 106 were qualified as lower global health (score lower than 84.8 points). No significant differences were found how lifestyle factors, body composition and blood biomarkers affect the quality of life between groups. The three dimensions of the SF-36 and the transition of health question were not significantly influenced by any of the items analyzed.
Conclusion. This research enabled us to obtain a pilot vision of the lifestyle of the population and the planning of future research despite that the outcomes were not sufficient satisfactory.
Revista:
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
ISSN:
1664-8021
Año:
2019
Vol.:
10
Págs.:
686
Aim: To analyze the influence of genetics and interactions with environmental factors on adiposity outcomes [waist circumference reduction (WCR) and total body fat loss (TFATL)] in response to energy-restricted diets in subjects with excessive body weight. Materials and Methods: Two hypocaloric diets (30% energy restriction) were prescribed to overweight/obese subjects during 16 weeks, which had different targeted macronutrient distribution: a low-fat (LF) diet (22% energy from lipids) and a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet (30% energy from proteins). At the end of the trial, a total of 201 participants (LF diet = 105; MHP diet = 96) who presented good/regular dietary adherence were genotyped for 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with weight loss through next-generation sequencing from oral samples. Four unweighted (uGRS) and four weighted (wGRS) genetic risk scores were computed using statistically relevant SNPs for each outcome by diet. Predictions of WCR and TFATL by diet were modeled through recognized multiple linear regression models including genetic (single SNPs, uGRS, and wGRS), phenotypic (age, sex, and WC, or TFAT at baseline), and environment variables (physical activity level and energy intake at baselines) as well as eventual interactions between genes and environmental factors. Results: Overall, 26 different SNPs were associated with differential adiposity outcomes, 9 with WCR and 17 with TFATL, most of which were specific for each dietary intervention. In addition to conventional predictors (age, sex, lifestyle, and adiposity status at baseline), the calculated uGRS/wGRS and interactions with environmental factors were major contributors of adiposity responses. Thus, variances in TFATL-LF diet, TFATL-MHP diet, WCR-LF diet, and WCR-MHP diet were predicted by approximately 38% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0.3792), 32% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0.3208), 22% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0.2208), and 21% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0.2081), respectively. Conclusions: Different genetic variants and interactions with environmental factors modulate the differential individual responses to MHP and LF dietary interventions. These insights and models may help to optimize personalized nutritional strategies for modeling the prevention and management of excessive adiposity through precision nutrition approaches taking into account not only genetic information but also the lifestyle/clinical factors that interplay in addition to age and sex.
Revista:
NUTRITION
ISSN:
0899-9007
Año:
2018
Vol.:
47
Págs.:
83 - 89
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two PPARGCIA gene polymorphisms on metabolic outcomes in response to two energy-restricted diets.
Methods: A 4-mo nutritional intervention was conducted that involved two different hypo-energetic diets based on low-fat (LF) and moderately high-protein (MHP) dietary patterns. Unrelated subjects with excessive weight were genotyped for two PPARGCIA polymorphisms: Rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) and rs3755863 (G > A). Genotyping was performed by next-generation sequencing and haplotypes were screened. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were assessed with standardized methods.
Results: Different cholesterol outcomes were observed by diet and Gly482Ser genotype. The Gly482 Gly homozygotes after an LF diet had lower reductions in total cholesterol (-9 mg/dL vs. -27 mg/dL; P = 0.017) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (-5 mg/dL vs. -18 mg/dL; P = 0.016) than the subjects who were carriers of 482 Ser allele. However, this finding was not recorded in the MHP group where Gly482 Gly homozygotes underwent similar cholesterol decreases as the 482 Ser allele carriers. Likewise, all genotype carriers had significant reductions in the frequencies of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol >= 200 mg/dL) except for Gly482 Gly homozygotes in the LF group. Meanwhile, the rs3755863 polymorphism and PPARGCIA haplotypes showed borderline effects with regard to cholesterol decreases.
Conclusions: An energy-restricted MHP diet might be more beneficial than an LF diet to reduce serum cholesterol among subjects who are carriers of the PPARGCIA Gly482Gly genotype. The analysis of this genetic variant might be the basis for a precise. nutrigenetic management of hypercholesterolemia based on genetic makeup.
Revista:
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
ISSN:
0939-4753
Año:
2018
Vol.:
28
N°:
2
Págs.:
165 - 172
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
A precise nutrigenetic management of hypercholesterolemia involves the understanding of the interactions between the individual's genotype and dietary intake. The aim of this study was to analyze the response to two dietary energy-restricted interventions on cholesterol changes in carriers of two ADRB2 polymorphisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A 4-month nutritional intervention was conducted involving two different hypo-energetic diets based on low-fat (LF) and moderately high-protein (MHP) dietary patterns. A total of 107 unrelated overweight/obese individuals were genotyped for two ADRB2 non-synonymous polymorphisms: Arg16Gly (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714). Genotyping was performed by next-generation sequencing and haplotypes were phenotypically screened. Anthropometric measurements and the biochemical profile were assessed by conventional methods. Both diets induced cholesterol decreases at the end of both nutritional interventions. Interestingly, phenotypical differences were observed according to the Arg16Gly polymorphism. Within the MHP group, Gly16Gly homozygotes had lower reductions in total cholesterol (-6.5 mg/dL vs. -24.2 mg/dL, p = 0.009), LDL-c levels (-1.4 mg/dL vs. -16.5 mg/dL, p = 0.005), and non-HDL-c (-4.5 mg/dL vs. -21.5 mg/dL, p = 0.008) than Arg16 allele carriers. Conversely, within the LF group, Gly16Gly homozygotes underwent similar falls in total cholesterol (-18.5 mg/dL vs. -18.7 mg/dL, ns), LDL-c levels (-9.7 mg/dL vs. -13.1 mg/dL, ns), and non-HDL-c (-15.3 mg/dL vs. -15.7 mg/dL, ns) than Arg16 allele carriers. The Gln27Glu polymorphism and the Gly16/Glu27 haplotype showed similar, but not greater effects.
CONCLUSIONS:
An energy-restricted LF diet could be more beneficial than a MHP diet to reduce serum cholesterol, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c among Gly16Gly genotype carriers. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: Identifier: NCT02737267.
Revista:
NUTRIENTS
ISSN:
2072-6643
Año:
2018
Vol.:
10
N°:
6
Págs.:
E789
The adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) gene is involved in the regulation of several metabolic processes including the development and function of adipose tissue. The effects of the ADCY3 rs10182181 genetic variant on changes in body composition depending on the macronutrient distribution intake after 16 weeks of the dietary intervention were tested. The ADCY3 genetic variant was genotyped in 147 overweight or obese subjects, who were randomly assigned to one of the two diets varying in macronutrient content: a moderately-high-protein diet and a low-fat diet. Anthropometric and body composition measurements (DEXA scan) were recorded. Significant interactions between the ADCY3 genotype and dietary intervention on changes in weight, waist circumference, and body composition were found after adjustment for covariates. Thus, in the moderately-high-protein diet group, the G allele was associated with a lower decrease of fat mass, trunk and android fat, and a greater decrease in lean mass. Conversely, in the low-fat diet group carrying the G allele was associated with a greater decrease in trunk, android, gynoid, and visceral fat. Subjects carrying the G allele of the rs10182181 polymorphism may benefit more in terms of weight loss and improvement of body composition measurements when undertaking a hypocaloric low-fat diet as compared to a moderately-high-protein diet.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
ISSN:
0022-2275
Año:
2018
Vol.:
59
N°:
1
Págs.:
155 - 161
Compelling evidence indicates that lipid metabolism is in partial control of the circadian system. In this context, it has been reported that the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) genetic variant influences the dynamics of melatonin secretion, which is involved in the circadian system as a chronobiotic. The objective was to analyze whether the MTNR1B rs10830963 genetic variant was related to changes in lipid levels in response to dietary interventions with different macronutrient distribution in 722 overweight/obese subjects from the POUNDS Lost trial. We did not find a significant association between the MTNR1B genotype and changes in lipid metabolism. However, dietary fat intake significantly modified genetic effects on 2 year changes in total and LDL cholesterol (P interaction = 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). In the low-fat diet group, carriers of the sleep disruption G allele (minor allele) showed a greater reduction of total cholesterol (ß ± SE = -5.78 ± 2.88 mg/dl, P = 0.04) and LDL cholesterol (ß ± SE = -7.19 ± 2.37 mg/dl, P = 0.003). Conversely, in the high-fat diet group, subjects carrying the G allele evidenced a smaller decrease in total cholesterol (ß ± SE = 5.81 ± 2.65 mg/dl, P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (ß ± SE = 5.23 ± 2.21 mg/dl, P = 0.002). Subjects carrying the G allele of the circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B variant may present a bigger impact on total and LDL cholesterol when undertaking an energy-restricted low-fat diet.
Revista:
NUTRITION AND DIABETES
ISSN:
2044-4052
Año:
2018
Vol.:
8
N°:
1
Págs.:
27
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from the interactions among genetics, metabolic, behavioral, sociocultural and environmental factors. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to identify phenotype and genotype variables that could be relevant determinants of body mass index (BMI) variability.
SUBJECTS/METHODS:
In the present study, a total of 1050 subjects (798 females; 76%) were included. Least angle regression (LARS) analysis was used as regression model selection technique, where the dependent variable was BMI and the independent variables were age, sex, energy intake, physical activity level, and 16 polymorphisms previously related to obesity and lipid metabolism.
RESULTS:
The LARS analysis obtained the following formula for BMI explanation: (64.7¿+¿0.10¿×¿age [years]¿+¿0.42¿×¿gender [0, men; 1, women]¿+¿-40.6¿×¿physical activity [physical activity level]¿+¿0.004¿×¿energy intake [kcal]¿+¿0.74¿×¿rs9939609 [0 or 1-2 risk alleles]¿+¿-0.72¿×¿rs1800206 [0 or 1-2 risk alleles]¿+¿-0.86¿×¿rs1801282 [0 or 1-2 risk alleles]¿+¿0.87¿×¿rs429358 [0 or 1-2 risk alleles]. The multivariable regression model accounted for 21% of the phenotypic variance in BMI. The regression model was internally validated by the bootstrap method (r2 original data set¿=¿0.208, mean r2 bootstrap data sets¿=¿0.210).
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, age, physical activity, energy intake and polymorphisms in FTO, APOE, PPARG and PPARA genes are significant predictors of the BMI trait.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENOMICS
ISSN:
2314-436X
Background and Aim. Individual lipid phenotypes including circulating total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) determinations are influenced by gene-environment interactions. The aim of this study was to predict blood lipid level (TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG) variability using genetic and lifestyle data in subjects with excessive body weight-for-height. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 304 unrelated overweight/obese adults of self-reported European ancestry. A total of 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity and weight loss were analyzed by a targeted next-generation sequencing system. Relevant genotypes of each SNP were coded as 0 (nonrisk) and 1 (risk). Four genetic risk scores (GRS) for each lipid phenotype were calculated by adding the risk genotypes. Information concerning lifestyle (diet, physical activity, alcohol drinking, and smoking) was obtained using validated questionnaires. Total body fat (TFAT) and visceral fat (VFAT) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results. Overall, 45 obesity-related genetic variants were associated with some of the studied blood lipids. In addition to conventional factors (age, sex, dietary intakes, and alcohol consumption), the calculated GRS significantly contributed to explain their corresponding plasma lipid trait. Thus, HDL-c, TG, TC, and LDL-c serum concentrations were predicted by approximately 28% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0 28), 25% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0 25), 24% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0 24), and 21% (optimism-corrected adj. R-2 = 0.21), respectively. Interestingly, GRS were the greatest contributors to TC (squared partial correlation (PC2) = 0.18) and LDL-c (PC2 = 0.18) features. Likewise, VFAT and GRS had a higher impact on HDL-c (PC2 = 0.09 and PC2 = 0.06, respectively) and TG levels (PC2 = 0.20 and PC2 = 0.07, respectively) than the rest of variables. Conclusions. Besides known lifestyle influences, some obesity-related genetic variants could help to predict blood lipid phenotypes.
Autores:
Fiol Martínez, L.; Calleja-Fernández, A.; Pintor de la Maza, B.; et al.
Revista:
NUTRITION
ISSN:
0550-404X
Año:
2017
Vol.:
34
Págs.:
97 - 100
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the study was to compare two nutritional screening tools in oncohematologic inpatients.
METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was performed in a hematology ward from August to December 2015. Within the first 24 h of admission, the following nutritional screenings were performed: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Patients who stayed in the hematologic ward were reevaluated with the three screening tools 1 and 2 wk after admission. The SGA was used as the gold standard in the detection of malnutrition.
RESULTS:
Sixty-three patients were included in the study. Of these, 61.9% were men, ages 64 y (SD = 17.9 y) with 90.5% having a diagnosis of cancer. The prevalence of patients with nutritional risk at admission was 17.5% with SGA, 16.7% at week 1, and 31.6% at week 2. According to MST, the prevalence was 41.3% at admission, 13.9% at week 1, and 15.8% at week 2. According to MUST, the prevalence was 36.5%, 25%, and 36.8%, respectively. The results of diagnostic tests on admission were an area under the curve receiver operating characteristic of 0.691 for MST and 0.830 for MUST at admission; at week 1, 0.717 for MST and 0.850 for MUST; and at week 2 of assessment, 0.506 for MST and 0.840 for MUST.
CONCLUSION:
MUST might be a better screening tool than MST for detecting the risk for malnutrition in oncohematological inpatients.
Revista:
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
ISSN:
0002-9165
Año:
2017
Vol.:
106
N°:
3
Págs.:
902 - 908
Background: Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) have been shown to be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes risk. The common rs1440581 T allele in the protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K) gene has been related to elevated BCAA concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes.
Objective: In the present study, we tested whether dietary fat and carbohydrate intakes influenced the association between the rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant and glucose-metabolism traits during weight loss.
Design: The rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant was genotyped in a total of 757 nondiabetic individuals who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 energy-restricted diets that differed in macronutrient composition (low-fat diet: 20¿25% fat, 15% protein, and 60¿65% carbohydrate; high-fat diet: 40¿45% fat, 15% protein, and 40¿45% carbohydrate). The changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and homeostasis model assessment of ß cell function (HOMA-B) were measured after a mean ± SD weight loss of 6.8 ± 3.4 kg over 10 wk and analyzed according to the presence of the T allele of rs1440581.
Results: The rs1440581 T allele was associated with a smaller improvement in glucose concentrations after the 10-wk dietary intervention (ß ± SE: 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/dL; P = 0.03). In addition, significant gene-diet interactions were shown for the rs1440581 PPM1K genetic variant in relation to changes in insulin and HOMA-B (P-interaction = 0.006 and 0.002, respectively). In response to the high-fat diet, the T allele was associated with a higher reduction of insulin (ß ± SE: ¿0.77 ± 0.40 ¿U/mL; P = 0.04) and HOMA-B (ß ± SE: ¿13.2 ± 3.81; P = 0.003). An opposite effect was observed in the low-fat diet group, although in this group the T allele was marginally (P = 0.10) and not significantly (P = 0.24) associated with insulin and HOMA-B, respectively.
Conclusion:PPM1K rs1440581 may affect changes in glucose metabolism during weight loss, and this effect is dependent on dietary fat and carbohydrate intakes. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN25867281.
Revista:
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
ISSN:
1436-6207
Año:
2017
Vol.:
56
N°:
4
Págs.:
1589 - 1596
Purpose: There is controversy about the effect of the rs1799983 nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genetic variant on hypertension and blood pressure (BP) levels. The aims of the current study were to examine whether rs1799983 affects BP levels and to identify potential interactions between this polymorphism and other non-genetic risk factors. Methods: A total of 705 subjects were examined for anthropometric and body composition measurements, BP, dietary habits and physical activity. Oral epithelial cells were collected for the identification of rs1799983 using Luminex® 100/200TM System. Results: After adjusted for covariates, TT genotype showed a 2.30-fold higher predisposition of hypertension than GG genotype subjects. According to BP levels, for each risk allele diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased in 1.99 mmHg. Significant interactions between rs1799983 and saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found. Moreover, an interaction with body weight status was observed. Among overweight individuals, T allele carriers showed higher DBP than GG genotype. Conclusion: The present study evidenced that rs1799983 NOS3 polymorphism could be associated with hypertension and DBP among Southern Europeans, being this association influenced by dietary fat (SFA and MUFA) and body mass index.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
ISSN:
0022-3166
Año:
2016
Vol.:
146
N°:
4
Págs.:
905S - 912S
As obesity has become a major global public health challenge, a large number of studies have analyzed different strategies aimed at inducing a negative energy balance and, consequently, body weight loss. However, most existing weight loss programs are generally unsuccessful, so several interventions have been carried out to identify physiologic and behavioral factors concerning this variability in order to implement more personalized treatment. Nowadays, an individualized approach is being proposed through so-called personalized nutrition, whereby not only the phenotype but also the genotype is used for customized nutrition treatment. Regarding body weight regulation, similar to 70 polymorphisms have been identified in or near genes related to energy expenditure, appetite, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. Although personalized nutrition refers mainly to genetic makeup, recent advances in the investigation of the epigenome and themicrobiome open the door to implement more personalized recommendations for body weight management. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of several epigenetic markers that may modify gene expression and could be involved in the outcome of weight loss interventions. Moreover, different studies have shown that dietary interventions could affect the composition of gut microbiota and have an impact on body weight. The integration of nutrigenetic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may lead to the design of more personalized dietary treatments to prevent chronic diseases and to optimize the individual's response to dietary interventions.
Revista:
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
ISSN:
0212-1611
Año:
2016
Vol.:
33
N°:
6
Págs.:
1391 - 1399
Introduction: The assessment of intake and eating habits become increasingly important to relate them to the risk of disease. In this sense, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are a common dietary tool used in both clinical practice and nutritional epidemiological studies. Objective: The aim of the study was the validation of a food groups frequency questionnaire (FGFQ) based on an exchange system, in relation to a 7 days food record (FR) used as reference. Methods: A total of 60 healthy adults (males and females) were recruited. To each one a dietitian applied the FGFQ to be validated and then gave instructions for completing the 7 days FR used as a reference standard. Energy and macronutrient distribution were calculated for both methods and appropriate statistical methods were applied. Results: The correlation coeffi cients comparing methods were found between r = 0.3 and r = 0.6 (p < 0.01), and the intraclass correlation coeffi cient between r = 0.2 and r = 0.6 (p < 0.01). The cross-classifi cation analysis revealed that over 80% of individuals were classifi ed into identical and contiguous quartiles from both dietary methods. Conclusions: The proposed FGFQ, based on an exchange system of 19 groups, has obtained comparable results to other similar models for assessing of energy and macronutrient distribution with a more rapid outcome.
Revista:
GENES AND NUTRITION
ISSN:
1555-8932
Año:
2015
Vol.:
10
N°:
1
Págs.:
445
There is little evidence about genetic risk score (GRS)-diet interactions in order to provide personalized nutrition based on the genotype. The aim of the study was to assess the value of a GRS on obesity prediction and to further evaluate the interactions between the GRS and dietary intake on obesity. A total of 711 seekers of a Nutrigenetic Service were examined for anthropometric and body composition measurements and also for dietary habits and physical activity. Oral epithelial cells were collected for the identification of 16 SNPs (related with obesity or lipid metabolism) using DNA zip-coded beads. Genotypes were coded as 0, 1 or 2 according to the number of risk alleles, and the GRS was calculated by adding risk alleles with such a criterion. After being adjusted for gender, age, physical activity and energy intake, the GRS demonstrated that individuals carrying >7 risk alleles had in average 0.93 kg/m(2) of BMI, 1.69 % of body fat mass, 1.94 cm of waist circumference and 0.01 waist-to-height ratio more than the individuals with ¿7 risk alleles. Significant interactions for GRS and the consumption of energy, total protein, animal protein, vegetable protein, total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates and fiber intake on adiposity traits were found after adjusted for confounders variables. The GRS confirmed that the high genetic risk group showed greater values of adiposity than the low risk group and demonstrated that macronutrient intake modifies the GRS association with adiposity traits.
Revista:
MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY
ISSN:
1072-3714
Año:
2015
Vol.:
22
N°:
7
Págs.:
750 - 757
Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, as well as the presence of menopausal symptoms, with overweight/obesity in Spanish perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were 8,954 Spanish perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and all women were interviewed to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, using a validated questionnaire and the Menopause and Health subscale of the validated Cervantes Scale. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between categories of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the odds of being overweight/obese. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study the association between menopausal symptoms and the odds of being overweight/obese (reference categories: participants in the low-adherence category and participants with no menopausal problems).
Results: After adjustment for relevant confounders, the odds ratio (95% CI) for being overweight/obese among women in the highest category of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was 0.68 (0.60-0.78; P for trend <0.001). The odds ratio (95% CI) for being overweight/obese was 3.05 (1.98-4.71) for the category "severe problems" in comparison with the category "no problems."
Conclusions: Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (Mediterranean diet) is inversely associated with overweight/obesity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The occurrence of low to severe problems during perimenopause or postmenopause is positively associated with overweight/obesity. Therefore, high adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and a body mass index of 25kg/m or lower might improve quality of life in women at these stages.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
ISSN:
1138-7548
Año:
2015
Vol.:
71
N°:
3
Págs.:
547 - 558
Irisin is a myokine/adipokine with potential role in obesity and diabetes. The objectives of the present study were to analyse the relationship between irisin and glucose metabolism at baseline and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to determine the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or alpha-lipoic acid treatment on irisin production in cultured human adipocytes and in vivo in healthy overweight/obese women following a weight loss program. Seventy-three overweight/obese women followed a 30 % energy-restricted diet supplemented without (control) or with EPA (1.3 g/day), alpha-lipoic acid (0.3 g/day) or both EPA + alpha-lipoic acid (1.3 + 0.3 g/day) during 10 weeks. An OGTT was performed at baseline. Moreover, human adipocytes were treated with EPA (100-200 mu M) or alpha-lipoic acid (100-250 mu M) during 24 h. At baseline plasma, irisin circulating levels were positively associated with glucose levels; however, serum irisin concentrations were not affected by the increment in blood glucose or insulin during the OGTT. Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid (250 mu M) upregulated Fndc5 messenger RNA (mRNA) and irisin secretion in cultured adipocytes. In overweight/obese women, irisin circulating levels decreased significantly after weight loss in all groups, while no additional differences were induced by EPA or alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Moreover, plasma irisin levels were positively associated with higher glucose concentrations at beginning and at endp
Revista:
PLOS ONE
ISSN:
1932-6203
Año:
2015
Vol.:
10
N°:
5
Págs.:
e0126345
Computer assisted instruction (CAI) is an effective tool for evaluating and training students and professionals. In this article we will present a learning-oriented CAI, which has been developed for students and health professionals to acquire and retain new knowledge through the practice. A two-phase pilot evaluation was conducted, involving 8 nutrition experts and 30 postgraduate students, respectively. In each training session, the software developed guides users in the integral evaluation of a patient's nutritional status and helps them to implement actions. The program includes into the format clinical tools, which can be used to recognize possible patient's needs, to improve the clinical reasoning and to develop professional skills. Among them are assessment questionnaires and evaluation criteria, cardiovascular risk charts, clinical guidelines and photographs of various diseases. This CAI is a complete software package easy to use and versatile, aimed at clinical specialists, medical staff, scientists, educators and clinical students, which can be used as a learning tool. This application constitutes an advanced method for students and health professionals to accomplish nutritional assessments combining theoretical and empirical issues, which can be implemented in their academic curriculum.
Revista:
NUTRIENTS
ISSN:
2072-6643
Año:
2014
Vol.:
6
N°:
10
Págs.:
4434 - 4451
Abstract: The nutritional status and lifestyle of women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation determine maternal, fetal and child health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate dietary patterns and lifestyles according the perinatal physiological status in a large sample of Spanish women. Community pharmacists that were previously trained to collect the data recruited 13,845 women. General information, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, unhealthy habits and dietary data were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Mean values and percentages were used as descriptive statistics. The t-test, ANOVA or chi-squared test were used to compare groups. A score that included dietary and behavioral characteristics was generated to compare lifestyles in the three physiological situations. The analysis revealed that diet quality should be improved in the three stages, but in a different manner. While women seeking a pregnancy only met dairy recommendations, those who were pregnant only fulfilled fresh fruits servings and lactating women only covered protein group requirements. In all cases, the consumption allowances of sausages, buns and pastries were exceeded. Food patterns and unhealthy behaviors of Spanish women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation should be improved, particularly in preconception. This information might be useful in order to implement educational programs for each population group.
Revista:
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
ISSN:
1436-6207
Año:
2014
Vol.:
53
N°:
1
Págs.:
201 - 210
Purpose: Dietary food composition influences postprandial glucose homeostasis. Thus, the objective was to investigate the effects of an acute intake of three different types of strawberry jam, differing in carbohydrate and antioxidants content, on postprandial glucose metabolism, lipid profile, antioxidant status, and satiety. Methods: Sixteen healthy adults participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study with three arms, receiving 60 g of three different strawberry jams. Blood samples were collected at fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after its intake. Blood analyses were performed with validated procedures and satiety was estimated with visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Blood glucose concentrations were maintained at normal values and without peaks within the 2 h after consumption of low-sugar jams. However, blood glucose and insulin were significantly higher at 30 and 60 min after high-sugar (HS) jam intake versus both low-sugar jams. Furthermore, HS jam produced more satisfaction at short time, but decreased as soon as blood glucose concentration began to decrease. Moreover, HS ingestion produced lower free fatty acid levels ( p < 0.05) throughout the trial with respect both the low-sugar jams. However, no additional benefits on oxidative status (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and uric acid), glucose, lipid, and satiety variables were observed due to the inclusion of an antioxidant to low-sugar jam. Conclusions: This study reinforces the idea that products without added sugars are appropriate for the management of glycemic alterations and provides further insight into the effect of natural antioxidants as a functional ingredient on oxidative status and related metabolic disturbances.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS
ISSN:
1661-6499
Año:
2014
Vol.:
7
N°:
4-6
Págs.:
232 - 242
BACKGROUND/AIMS:
Investigation of the genetic makeup may facilitate the implementation of more personalized nutritional interventions. The aims were to examine whether the rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphism affects weight loss in response to a hypocaloric diet and to find potential gene-gene interplays and gene-diet interactions.
METHODS:
167 subjects enrolled in a personalized nutritional intervention for weight loss (3-6 weeks) were examined for anthropometric measurements, dietary habits and physical activity at baseline and at the first follow-up visit. Three polymorphisms, which have previously been associated with body weight regulation, rs10830963 (MTNR1B), rs9939609 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R), were analyzed using the Luminex® 100/200¿ System.
RESULTS:
After adjusting for covariates, females with the rs10830963 CG/GG genotype showed lower weight loss than those with the CC genotype. In the total population, carriers of variant alleles of both FTO and MC4R showed a significant association with MTNR1B and weight loss outcome. Moreover, among women, higher total protein and animal protein intakes were associated with a lower weight loss in G allele carriers of the MTNR1B variant.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our data evidenced that rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphism could be associated with individual differences in weight loss induced by a hypocaloric diet. This association was influenced by FTO and MC4R loci and modified by baseline protein intake.
Revista:
EL FARMACEUTICO
ISSN:
0213-7283
Año:
2014
Vol.:
499
Págs.:
12 - 24
Revista:
ANALES DEL SISTEMA SANITARIO DE NAVARRA
ISSN:
1137-6627
Año:
2014
Vol.:
37
N°:
3
Págs.:
349 - 362
Revista:
ANALES DE PEDIATRIA
ISSN:
1695-4033
Año:
2014
Vol.:
80
N°:
2
Págs.:
89 - 97
Introducción La obesidad infantil es una enfermedad multifactorial en la que una alimentación inadecuada y el sedentarismo tienen un papel decisivo. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar la situación ponderal, los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física en escolares de Castilla-La Mancha.
Sujetos y métodos Estudio transversal en 3.061 niños de entre 6 y 12 años participantes en el plan «Alimenta su salud», mediante la aplicación de una encuesta sobre variables antropométricas, frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, hábitos alimentarios y actividad física, analizando diferencias por sexo, grupos de edad y provincias.
Resultados La prevalencia de sobrecarga ponderal fue del 24,0% y la de obesidad del 14,3%, encontrando diferencias en la distribución por provincias. Las chicas realizan más frecuentemente la toma de media mañana, consumen más suplementos y practican menos deporte que los chicos. El seguimiento de dietas especiales y la realización de actividades deportivas es menor en el grupo de 6 a 9 años respecto al de 10-12. En relación con las recomendaciones, el consumo de verduras y frutas es bajo, y elevado para embutidos, bollería, aperitivos salados, golosinas y comida rápida, encontrando diferencias por grupos de edad.
Conclusiones En la población infantil estudiada, la sobrecarga ponderal afecta casi a uno de cada 4 niños, no alcanzándose las recomendaciones de frutas y verduras, y existiendo un consumo elevado de alimentos que se asocian con riesgo de obesidad. El sedentarismo es más frecuente el fin de semana y entre las chicas.
Revista:
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
ISSN:
0212-1611
Año:
2014
Vol.:
29
N°:
2
Págs.:
337 - 343
Background: The maintenance of healthy lifestyles is of great importance to prevent pregnancy-related diseases at early stages. For this reason, the knowledge of the overall wellbeing of women at childbearing-age is necessary to provide appropriate advice to maintain or improve the nutritional status. The aim of this research was to assess the lifestyles of childbearing-age women planning a pregnancy and to examine the difference between primiparae and multiparae women on these lifestyles. Methods: This cross-sectional survey involving 4,471 Spanish women at childbearing-age that were planning a pregnancy. Information was collected through a questionnaire by community health professionals. Results: The profile of childbearing-age recruited women planning a pregnancy were in her early thirties (31.4 ± 4.8 years) and 72.5% were seeking for her first baby. They had a good self-perception of their nutritional and health status and followed a balanced diet. Interestingly, primiparae women had lower risk of health complications but they were greater consumers of tobacco and alcohol (p<0.001), and consumed less fortified milk, iodine and iron supplements than multiparae women. Additionally, the examined population showed a more sedentary pattern in primiparae women as compared to the remaining group concerning hours/day lying, sitting and standing. Conclusion: Differences between both preconceptional conditions (primiparae and multiparae women) bring a great opportunity to promote healthy habits among childbearing-aged women, according to the personal profile, in order to prevent burdens in future pregnancies underlying modifiable or preventable factors.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION
ISSN:
0963-7486
Año:
2013
Vol.:
64
N°:
6
Págs.:
674 - 681
This study evaluated the influence of curd consumption (a dairy product in which most whey proteins are discarded) on nutritional status markers and on gastrointestinal symptoms through an open-label randomized nutritional intervention. A total of 20 males and 20 females were involved in the study. Body weight and plasma levels of different health markers were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Gastrointestinal symptoms and satiety were assessed by self-reported subjective questionnaires. There were neither relevant changes in body weight and composition, nor in all screened plasma determinations after the intervention. Satiety score analyses revealed no differences between the two experimental groups. The regular consumption of curd-improved abdominal pain (19%) and deposition scores (16%) when compared with those participants non-consuming curd, which may indicate a better tolerability of this product. Curd intake within a balanced diet improved some subjective markers of gastrointestinal status, which may be explained by the nutritional composition of curds.
Revista:
OBESITY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
ISSN:
1871-403X
Año:
2013
Vol.:
7
N°:
5
Págs.:
e391 - e400
Objective The association between sleep duration, extracurricular sport, screen-based activities and dietary variables with prevalence of overweight in middle childhood, regarding gender differences, was assessed.
Methods Cross-sectional study involving 2814 children (age 6¿12 years). Measured weight and height and reported lifestyle variables were obtained by health professionals previously trained. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between variables and the likelihood of being overweight.
Results Prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 31.9% in boys and 30.4% in girls. In boys, engaging ¿3h/week in sports activities (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5¿0.9), eating daily breakfast (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4¿0.9) and consuming ¿2fruits/day (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6¿0.9) were independent protective factors against overweight, whereas children consuming fast food weekly and sweets daily were estimated to be 30% and 40%, respectively, more likely to be overweight. Only buns consumption resulted associated with overweight in girls (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1¿1.7).
Conclusions Prevalence of overweight in a sample of Southern European children is high and underlines gender differences in lifestyle determinants. Engaging in extracurricular sport, promoting daily breakfast, adequate fruit consumption and reducing high energy-dense foods, should be encouraged in boys, whereas further investigation on girls behaviours would be valuable.
Revista:
ZUBIA
ISSN:
0213-4306
Año:
2013
Vol.:
31
Págs.:
239 - 247
Revista:
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
ISSN:
0212-1611
Año:
2013
Vol.:
28
N°:
5
Págs.:
1622 - 1632
Background: The nutritional assessment of a patient needs the simultaneous managing a extensive information and a great number of databases, as both aspects of the process of nutrition and the clinical situation of the patient are analyzed. The introduction of computers in the nutritional area constitutes an extraordinary advance in the administration of nutrition information, providing a complete assessment of nutritional aspects in a quick and easy way.
Objective: To develop a computer program that can be used as a tool for assessing the nutritional status of the patient, the education of clinical staff, for epidemiological studies and for educational purposes.
Design: Based on a computer program which assists the health specialist to perform a full nutritional evaluation of the patient, through the registration and assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic features. The application provides nutritional prognosis based on anthropometric and biochemical parameters, images of states of malnutrition, questionnaires to characterize diseases, diagnostic criteria, identification of alleles associated with the development of specific metabolic illnesses and questionnaires of quality of life, for a custom actuation. The program includes, as part of the nutritional assessment of the patient, food intake analysis, design of diets and promotion of physical activity, introducing food frequency questionnaires, dietary recalls, healthy eating indexes, model diets, fitness tests, and recommendations, recalls and questionnaires of physical activity.
Result: A computer program performed under Java Swing, using SQLite database and some external libraries such as JfreeChart for plotting graphs. This brand new designed software is composed of five blocks categorized into ten modules named: Patients, Anthropometry, Clinical History, Biochemistry, Dietary History, Diagnostic (with genetic make up), Quality of life, Physical activity, Energy expenditure and Diets. Each module has a specific function which evaluates a different aspect of the nutritional status of the patient.
Conclusions: UNyDIET is a global computer program, customized and upgradeable, easy to use and versatile, aimed to health specialists, medical staff, dietitians, nutritionists, scientists and educators. This tool can be used as a working instrument in programs promoting health, nutritional and clinical assessments as well as in the evaluation of health care quality, in epidemiological studies, in nutrition intervention programs and teaching.
Revista:
REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE NUTRICION COMUNITARIA-SPANISH JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY NUTRITION
ISSN:
1135-3074
Año:
2013
Vol.:
19
N°:
2
Págs.:
105 - 113
Revista:
ZONA HOSPITALARIA
ISSN:
2253-9034
Año:
2012
Vol.:
34
Págs.:
18 - 19
Revista:
Nutricion Hospitalaria
ISSN:
0212-1611
Año:
2012
Vol.:
27
N°:
2
Págs.:
599 - 605
Introduction & aims: The identification of determinants of childhood overweight is crucial to early diagnosis and prevention. The aim of this study was to assess perinatal and parental related risk factors concerning children for having excessive body weight.
Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 3,101 children participating in the programme "Alimenta su salud" conducted in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were obtained from a general questionnaire. Analysed factors as potential predictors of childhood overweight were sex, age, birth weight, infant feeding, number of siblings, as well as parental marital status, educational level and obesity. Prevalence of overweight stratified by potential determinants was assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between variables and the likelihood of being overweight.
Results: The overweight prevalence (including obesity) was 30.3% in boys and 28.3% in girls, according to the IOTF criteria. Higher rates in younger subjects and some gender differences were observed. Parental obesity was the most important predictive variable for childhood overweight in both sexes and birth weight over 3,500 g in girls (OR 1.8,95% CI 1.3-2.3). Having one or more siblings (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) and higher paternal education (OR 0.8,95% CI 0.6-0.9) in boys, and older age in girls (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-.09), resulted protective factors against childhood overweight. No independent effects of marital status, maternal education and infant feeding patterns on childhood excess weight were identified.
Conclusions: Perinatal and parental factors could contribute to predict the risk of being overweight/obese in children aged 6 to 12 years, which should be considered when formulating obesity prevention and intervention strategies, stressing the importance of targeting obese parents with young children.
Revista:
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
ISSN:
0163-4984
Año:
2011
Vol.:
143
N°:
1
Págs.:
8 - 19
To assess the effects of a moderately high-protein intake on the body composition, biochemical, and antioxidant status parameters in young adults depending on either selenium- (Se) or non-enriched chicken consumption. The volunteers (n = 24) that completed the 10-week nutritional intervention were distributed in two parallel groups and randomly assigned to follow an isocaloric diet with moderately high content in protein (30% energy), either with the consumption of four 200 g portions/week of Se- or non-enriched chicken breasts. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the study and body composition was monitored during the trial. There was a significant reduction in weight, accompanying a decrease on fat mass in both groups, while fat-free mass remained unchanged during the 10 weeks of intervention, without differences between both dietary groups. Selenium blood levels and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as lipid, glucose, and selected inflammation biomarkers remained stable during the intervention period in both dietary groups. Frequent chicken consumption, within a controlled diet with a moderately high content in protein, produced a slight but statistically significant weight reduction mainly due to the loss of fat mass. An extra Se supplementation (22 mu g/day) in the Se-enriched chicken breast did not affect tachyphylactic antioxidant status of the participants neither inflammatory-related markers after weight loss.
Autores:
Cuervo, M; Helen Hermana M. Hermsdorff
Revista:
NUTRIÇÃO EM PAUTA
ISSN:
1676-2274
Año:
2011
N°:
106
Págs.:
4 - 9
Revista:
Public Health Nutrition
ISSN:
1368-9800
Año:
2011
Vol.:
14
N°:
3
Págs.:
451 - 458
The growing interest in maintaining good health status through optimal nutrition has boosted the launch of a number of functional foods on the market. The objective of the present study was to theoretically evaluate the nutritional relevance of incorporating selected enriched foods in the diet.
DESIGN:
A 28 d dietary plan, designed to be balanced under the recommended macronutrients criteria, was used as a basal diet. Some conventional foods were exchanged with foods enriched in fibre, calcium, iodine, vitamins A, D, E or n-3 fatty acids.
SETTING:
Nutritional composition of basal and modified diets was derived and compared to the Spanish recommended intakes (RI).
RESULTS:
The basal diet covered the recommendations for fibre and calcium with mean intake of 28 g and 1241 mg, respectively. The current intake of salt, if iodized, or bread elaborated with this salt, allowed reaching the daily intake of iodine every day, with a mean supply of 216 ¿g/d and 278 ¿g/d, respectively. The deficient supply of vitamin E in the basal diet (mean = 8 mg/d) was covered by including enriched margarine and dairy products (mean = 15 mg/d). The low n-3 fatty acids intake in the basal diet (1·1 g/d) increased up to 1·9 g/d after the use of enriched margarine, butter and biscuits and soya drink instead of milk.
CONCLUSIONS:
In order to improve the accomplishment of the RI iodine, vitamin E and n-3 fatty acids, interesting strategies dealing with the incorporation of enriched foods in the diet were successfully initiated.
Revista:
AULA DE LA FARMACIA
ISSN:
1697-543X
Año:
2010
Vol.:
6
N°:
70
Págs.:
6 - 16
Autores:
De Looy, A; Naumann, E; Govers, E; et al.
Revista:
Actividad dietética
ISSN:
1138-0322
Año:
2010
Vol.:
14
N°:
3
Págs.:
109 - 119
