Revistas
Revista:
ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH
ISSN:
2168-507X
Año:
2022
Vol.:
12
N°:
1
Págs.:
1 - 11
Electric mobility is expected to increase in the following years motivated by environmental awareness and government targets, therefore, a great number of combustion engines cars will be replaced by electric ones. In addition, urban space has become scarcer to house a large number of existing vehicles increasing the number of underground parking. Like cars remain parked here most time of the day being charged, new elements appear, so this transition requires parking infrastructures to match. But, are the millions of underground existing parking ready for it? Given the shortage of regulations and the existing debate, the integration of the systems is not undertaken safely. In this context, this paper seeks to analyze the level of preparation of underground parking through scientific literature and a review of standards detecting conditions and requirements to prevent possible hazards. Although the article is focused on the Spanish context, the detected problems, hypothesis and proposal of solutions can be applied to other countries.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY HEALTH SCIENCE
ISSN:
2831-3887
Año:
2022
Vol.:
3
N°:
3
Págs.:
223 - 249
The issue of air pollutants from livestock buildings is prevalent in the literature. Because they and their emissions impact both animal production and livestock building users as well as the outdoor environment. This paper aims to compile and review data available in the scientific literature on the types of pollutants for a better understanding of their generation form, their distribution according to the kind of animal, and the main factors affecting their generation and concentration, i.e., the rearing system, the indoor microclimate, and the manure management.
The elevated generation of pollutants in animal buildings is tied to the dense occupancy in this industrial activity. The indoor air quality is defined according to the type of livestock in animal housing, considering its welfare needs, and the types and concentrations of pollutants generated as a function of the family of animal and the management used in production. The main gases generated are CH4, CO2, H2S, NH3, N2O, in addition to particulate matter and airborne microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria that very negatively affect the health of animals and users of the animal buildings.
Revista:
INFORMES DE LA CONSTRUCCION
ISSN:
0020-0883
Año:
2021
Vol.:
73
N°:
562
Págs.:
e386
The authors of the article work on the integration of thermoelectricity in facades since 2009. The purpose of this article is to review the possibilities that this technology offers for its incorporation as a building air conditioning system, focusing on the description and analysis of the behaviour of the last prototype made within a research project. For this, the design criteria and the necessary components for its assembly are described, in this aspect the reduction of the thermal bridge with respect to previous prototypes has been especially important. The experimental methodology followed, and the tests performed are explained, critically analysing the results. The conclusions raise improvements and recommendations to implement in future developments.
Autores:
Lorente de Diego, A. (Autor de correspondencia); Martín-Gómez, César; Castro Molina, F. J.
Revista:
INFORMES DE LA CONSTRUCCION
ISSN:
0020-0883
Año:
2021
Vol.:
73
N°:
562
Págs.:
e385
In a period marked by scarcity and economic difficulties, Spain opted for the realization of a large health plan that would affect every Spanish geography, called the Health Facilities Plan. Promoted by the Government of the time, the construction of a health network based on the construction of hospitals and clinics was proposed, in the image and likeness of the modernity of American buildings. More than a hundred large hospital complexes were built quickly, but at the same time was insufficient. In less than a decade, about thirty new hospitals and clinics were already part of the urban complex of Spanish cities. The development of the plan lasted four decades, which was marked by instability in the execution of the projects, and by the technical, economic and political effort involved.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
ISSN:
1742-5468
Año:
2021
Vol.:
2021
N°:
4
Págs.:
043401
We report experimental results of the speed-density relation emerging in pedestrian dynamics when individuals keep a prescribed safety distance among them. To this end, we characterize the movement of a group of people roaming inside an enclosure varying different experimental parameters: (i) global density, (ii) prescribed walking speed, and (iii) suggested safety distance. Then, by means of the Voronoi diagram we are able to compute the local density associated to each pedestrian, which is afterward correlated with its corresponding velocity at each time. In this way, we discover a strong dependence of the speed-density relation on the experimental conditions, especially with the (prescribed) free speed. We also observe that when pedestrians walk slowly, the speed-density relation depends on the global macroscopic density of the system, and not only on the local one. Finally, we demonstrate that for the same experiment, each pedestrian follows a distinct behavior, thus giving rise to multiple speed-density curves.
Revista:
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
ISSN:
2045-2322
Año:
2021
Vol.:
11
N°:
1
Págs.:
1534
With people trying to keep a safe distance from others due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the way in which pedestrians walk has completely changed since the pandemic broke out1,2. In this work, laboratory experiments demonstrate the effect of several variables-such as the pedestrian density, the walking speed and the prescribed safety distance-on the interpersonal distance established when people move within relatively dense crowds. Notably, we observe that the density should not be higher than 0.16 pedestrians per square meter (around 6 m2 per pedestrian) in order to guarantee an interpersonal distance of 1 m. Although the extrapolation of our findings to other more realistic scenarios is not straightforward, they can be used as a first approach to establish density restrictions in urban and architectonic spaces based on scientific evidence.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
ISSN:
0959-6526
Año:
2021
Vol.:
291
Págs.:
125960
The leather industry is an example of circular economy, as it uses meat industry wastes (hides and skins) as raw materials. However, the process of tanning also produces a substantial amount of organic waste. This research project studies the case of a tannery located in Navarra, in the North of Spain, committed to a circular economy and environmental protection, which produces around 2 tons per day of leather shavings and buffing dust and 10 tons per day of discarded bullock hair. The study tackles the challenge of whether the discarded waste material might be used as a new resource for products or processes related with the building sector. Three different types of solid wastes (chromium free tanned shavings, chromium buffing dust, and discarded hair) were categorized and analyzed. The paper examines two proposals to reuse the weekly tons of leftovers (both shavings and hair) produced by the tannery, instead of taking them to an external composting plant or to the landfill. The first exploration path proposed to use the discarded material to obtain biomass for the company's thermal production plant. After establishing the calorific values of the discarded hair and the shavings, these were found to offer competitive value in comparison with the biomass products used at present, such as wood pellets. The second approach to the waste upcycling involved seeking new products in the building sector, acoustic panels in this case. After a mechanical behavior analysis, different bin
Revista:
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
ISSN:
0378-7788
Año:
2021
Vol.:
231
Págs.:
110593
The use of thermoelectricity in buildings represents a disruptive alternative for indoor thermal needs as it is a technology that allows the elimination of refrigerants. In this line of research, authors of this study have worked on the design and construction of several Ventilated Active Thermoelectric Envelope (VATE) prototypes. A VATE is an industrial-scale modular prototype designed to be installed in the building facade and thought to be an alternative solution for heating and cooling in Net Zero Energy Buildings. Previous prototype modules have been tested to assess their heat power and performance in heating and cooling mode, which could be considered an initial approach towards the solution of designing VATEs that can be replicated. These works have resulted in an improvement of the COP of the system, the relationship of the Peltier cells and the ventilated facade, as well as with the interaction with photo-voltaic systems. However, the problem of the thermal bridge when the VATE was turned off remained. Taking into consideration the lessons learned from previous construction solutions, the system has been redesigned, prioritizing in this case the reduction (not elimination) of the VATE thermal bridge. This article describes and justifies the solutions developed, presents the results achieved for heating and cooling, and raises points about what could evolve from this issue. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Revista:
SAFETY SCIENCE
ISSN:
0925-7535
Año:
2020
Vol.:
121
Págs.:
394 - 402
We report experimental measurements obtained during the evacuation of 180 soldiers through a narrow door. Several conditions are analyzed in the evacuation drills, such as the degree of competitiveness (from rush to shove) and the influence of an obstacle placed before the exit. From the data, we compute the flow rate through the door and the velocity and density fields, as well as a map of the local evacuation time. We also present novel results on the pressure that the individuals exert on the wall adjacent to the door. Our study challenges the idea that an obstacle could be beneficial for pedestrian evacuations because of a hypothetical alleviation of pressure at the door. At the same time, we discover a correlation among the largest pressure peaks and the development of clogging.
Revista:
ENERGY
ISSN:
0360-5442
Conventional cooling systems in large office buildings typically incorporate evaporative cooling towers, despite the drawbacks of direct evaporation. An alternative approach is based on highly selective innovative surfaces capable of daytime radiant cooling, however, prototypes of these cooling radiators have not yet demonstrated a system capable of cooling an actual building. This paper presents a third approach: A hybrid cooling system designed to partly or completely replace a cooling tower using dry heat dissipation panels. Unlike nocturnal cooling radiators, these panels may be integrated into a facade in a vertical position. The hybrid system is described firstly, where two configurations of the system are considered. Then, an evaluation of the hybrid system in comparison to a conventional system is performed by means of a simulation-based study, resulting that the replacement of a cooling tower by cooling panels increases the annual energy consumption by 3.6% compared to a conventional open circuit cooling tower system. However, the decrease in maintenance costs may reduce the annual operational expenses by over 50%. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Revista:
ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH
ISSN:
2168-507X
Año:
2019
Vol.:
9
N°:
1
Págs.:
1 - 6
Revista:
FRONTIERS OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH
ISSN:
2095-2635
Año:
2019
Vol.:
8
N°:
1
Págs.:
17 - 31
The strategies for thermal regulation and environmental control found in nature are countless. In this article, a parallelism between animals and building energy systems is defined in order to identify and emphasize the immediate opportunities that biomimicry offers for future research. The motivation was the need to find alternative solutions to tackle problems mainly in the efficiency of heating, ventilation and cooling systems. Due to the wide range of possibilities offered by animals, this study is largely limited to the strategies that cold-blooded animals have developed through evolutionary adaptation to the environment.
The method used for the analysis is based on a solution-based approach. Firstly, different animal thermoregulation strategies are defined (biological domain). Then the strategy is analyzed and classified into three categories. This classification is essential in order to formulate the parallelism with building systems (transfer phase). The final step is to identify the potential implementation (technological domain).
This approach has been seen to be useful in creating new research opportunities based on biomimicry. In addition, suitable solutions arising from multidisciplinary team research are presented as promising answers to the challenges that building energy systems face nowadays.
Revista:
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES. EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ISSN:
1755-1307
Año:
2018
N°:
154
Págs.:
1 - 8
Revista:
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
ISSN:
0378-7788
Año:
2018
Vol.:
176
Págs.:
371 - 379
Revista:
ZARCH
ISSN:
2341-0531
Año:
2018
N°:
11
Págs.:
168 - 183
Revista:
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
ISSN:
1367-2630
The placement of obstacles in front of doors is believed to be an effective strategy to increase the flow of pedestrians, hence improving the evacuation process. Since it was first suggested, this counter-intuitive feature is considered a hallmark of pedestrian flows through bottlenecks. Indeed, despite the little experimental evidence, the placement of an obstacle has been hailed as the panacea for solving evacuation problems. In this work, we challenge this idea and experimentally demonstrate that the pedestrians flow rate is not necessarily altered by the presence of an obstacle. This result-which is at odds with recent demonstrations on its suitability for the cases of granular media, sheep and mice- differs from the outcomes of most of existing numerical models, and warns about the risks of carelessly extrapolating animal behaviour to humans. Our experimental findings also reveal an unnoticed phenomenon in relation with the crowd movement in front of the exit: in competitive evacuations, an obstacle attenuates the development of collective transversal rushes, which are hazardous as they might cause falls.
Revista:
APPLIED ENERGY
ISSN:
0306-2619
Año:
2018
Vol.:
228
Págs.:
681 - 688
Revista:
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
ISSN:
0378-7788
Año:
2018
Vol.:
158
Págs.:
1586-1592
Revista:
PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
ISSN:
1617-4909
Año:
2017
Vol.:
21
N°:
3
Págs.:
521 - 535
Occupancy schedules in building spaces play an important role in evaluating a building¿s energy performance. This work seeks to identify disparities between different occupancy estimation techniques; standardised occupancy profiles found in literature, business processes¿ based profiles through interviews and accurate profiles from real on-field measurements. The occupancy diversity profiles of secondary spaces in a healthcare facility building are analysed through descriptive statistics and t test methods over different time horizons. Occupancy measurements are obtained by utilising a novel, robust and highly accurate real-time occupancy extraction system which is established through a network of depth cameras. Results indicate that the utilisation of real occupancy data, along with elaboration of the business processes that take place in building spaces have the potential to support more precise profiles in Building Performance Simulation software tools.
Revista:
INFORMES DE LA CONSTRUCCION
ISSN:
0020-0883
Año:
2017
Vol.:
69
N°:
546
Págs.:
e197
La superación de la crisis que caracterizó la economía española en los años veinte permitió que pudiesen construirse más
edificios y que fuese posible seguir los conceptos de las corrientes modernas europeas. Los cines fueron uno de los géneros
más dados a ese intento de modernidad. Existen pocos ejemplos de verdadera calidad arquitectónica, y la mayoría de ellos
se edificaron en las grandes ciudades, como Madrid y Barcelona. Y es en este contexto donde cobra todo sentido rescatar
del pasado una de las grandes obras construidas en aquellos años: el Cine Monumental de Teodoro de Anasagasti, aportando
datos arquitectónicos y tecnológicos adicionales a la historiografía existente.
Revista:
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
ISSN:
0378-7788
Año:
2017
Vol.:
142
Págs.:
158 - 166
The energy used for cooling has increased in recent decades and the predicted future rise in consumption is driving a pressing need for more efficient technologies. Some technologies use environmental sinks as heat dissipation alternatives. This paper presents a model validation with experimental data from a passive vertical cooling panel. The novelty of the solution lies in two main characteristics. The first is that the panel is in a vertical position, and thus the heat sink is the ambient temperature and surrounding instead of the sky temperature. The second is that the panel is north-oriented. Avoiding the sun lengthens the operating time to the entire day, while most studies explore options that are limited to night radiation. The aim is to include this element as a heat exchanger before water moves into the cooling tower from the condenser stage in cooling systems. The results have shown that the model approaches significantly the experimental data with an average error of 1.5% in the dissipated heat. Besides, the cooling capacity of the panel varies from 107 to 230 W/m2 depending on the inlet temperature and fluid flow conditions, confirming the viability of the integration in buildings.
Revista:
RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
ISSN:
1364-0321
Año:
2017
Vol.:
78
Págs.:
180 - 191
The use of Opaque Ventilated Façades (OVF) has considerably increased in recently years as an envelope solution in a variety of building types, climates, and design configurations. It is considered an appropriate solution not only for renovation of existing buildings but also for new buildings.
The influence of ventilated façades in buildings is a constantly current issue in research always concluding the importance of the envelope in the reduction of energy needs in the whole building, and the importance of an accuracy model for the deep knowledge of the façade performance.
Currently, the main interest in OVFs is their ability to reduce cooling thermal loads in Southern European locations. Although reference literature recognizes energy savings associated to the use of OVFs in comparison with traditional solutions, previous energy studies consider a limited number of locations and standard solutions.
Trying to fill in an existing gap, this article includes information from different studies carried out in recent years which address the thermal and energy performance of OVFs.
It also explains the implications of both external ambient conditions and design decision (external layer material, joints, air cavity width¿) in terms of the energy and thermal performance of OVFs. This paper also provides some key strategies for customizing the façade design according to specific climate conditions.
Revista:
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
ISSN:
2045-2322
Año:
2017
Vol.:
7
N°:
1
Págs.:
10792
When a sizable number of people evacuate a room, if the door is not large enough, an accumulation of pedestrians in front of the exit may take place. This is the cause of emerging collective phenomena where the density is believed to be the key variable determining the pedestrian dynamics. Here, we show that when sustained contact among the individuals exists, density is not enough to describe the evacuation, and propose that at least another variable -such as the kinetic stress- is required. We recorded evacuation drills with different degrees of competitiveness where the individuals are allowed to moderately push each other in their way out. We obtain the density, velocity and kinetic stress fields over time, showing that competitiveness strongly affects them and evidencing patterns which have been never observed in previous (low pressure) evacuation experiments. For the highest competitiveness scenario, we detect the development of sudden collective motions. These movements are related to a notable increase of the kinetic stress and a reduction of the velocity towards the door, but do not depend on the density.
Revista:
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
ISSN:
0378-7788
Año:
2017
Vol.:
134
Págs.:
25 - 36
Finding new solutions for energy recovery in buildings is crucial to diminish the energy consumption. Some proposals may unveil innovative products to solve this challenge. However, reinventing and reformulating the configuration of available solutions might be another way to find an inventive answer to the energetic problem. The main aim of this article is to check if several cores connected in a cascade layout and installed in two different rooms can provide a better performance making use of energy from exhaust air. This study was inspired by the rete mirabile of tuna. This strategy proposed by nature has been translated into building services. Thanks to this reinterpretation, a new configuration of heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) has been simulated with CFD software. The results obtained show that up to 44.5% of energy could be saved with the new configuration making it a promising solution and a foreseeable application for energy recovery in buildings.
Revista:
APPLIED ENERGY
ISSN:
0306-2619
Año:
2017
Vol.:
200
Págs.:
303 - 314
A Thermoelectric Cooling-Heating Unit (TCHU) is an innovative technology that uses the thermoelectric phenomena as a heating¿cooling system for buildings. In TCHU, a direct current (DC) electrical current supplies the power to a Thermoelectric Equipment (TE) heat-pump system, which can transfer heat in one direction or another depending on the current flow. The unit is integrated in the building envelope.
At this stage of the study, a second prototype of TCHU has been developed using commercially available TE technologies. In this case, a vertical configuration of 16 TE modules is studied for their potential application as a heating and cooling system for residential buildings.
Different nocturnal tests have been developed to evaluate the performance of the new system under real conditions and to determine the coefficient of performance for these TE modules when operating under different voltage regimes. It has been studied not only the cooling mode but also the heating mode.
Based on the measured data, it has been demonstrated that the system can be successfully installed as a heating or cooling system in buildings.
Tests have confirmed the huge relevance of the temperature difference between the two sides of the cells, taking especial relevance in the cooling mode. It has also been demonstrated that for the cooling mode it is better to work with low voltage values.
Besides, some theoretical analyses have been developed in order to find out the most suitable configuration to obtain the best Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the unit in both cooling and heating.
Revista:
RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
ISSN:
1364-0321
Año:
2017
Vol.:
72
Págs.:
73 - 82
The amount of energy consumed for cooling purposes is increasing and expected to rise in the following years. The active cooling mechanisms used to meet these requirements can be partially replaced by harnessing environmental conditions and developing passive solutions. Through the multidisciplinary knowledge offered by biomimicry, a bio-inspired solution was developed with the aim of reducing the drawbacks of cooling towers. This experimental study shows the development of a passive cooling panel prototype and attempts to analyse tests carried out in the north of Spain. The results show that with three different inlet temperatures (35, 45 and 55 °C) and a fluid flow rate of 0.5 l/min, the average heat dissipation power per unit area of the panel is 140.4, 284.8 and 309.7 W/m2, respectively. By increasing the flow rate to 1.5 l/min, the heat rejection rate rises to 250.8, 397.5 and 479.6 W/m2, respectively. These outcomes confirm the cooling potential of the passive panel and open the possibility to the development of numerous applications. Further development of this solution would seek the decrease of the peak demand and the reduction of the energy consumption of cooling towers in tertiary buildings or small industry.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE
ISSN:
0022-3840
Año:
2017
Vol.:
50
N°:
5
Págs.:
1065 - 1086
Revista:
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
ISSN:
2470-0045
Año:
2016
Vol.:
94
N°:
3
Págs.:
032302
In a recent work [Phys. Rev. E 91, 022808 (2015)] it was reported that placing an obstacle in front of a gate has a beneficial effect in the flow of sheep through it. Here, we extend such results by implementing three different obstacle positions. We have observed that the flow is improved in two cases, while it worsens in the other one; the last instance happens when the obstacle is too close to the door. In this situation, the outcomes suggest that clogging develops between the doorjamb and the obstacle, contrary to the cases when the obstacle is farther, in which case clogging always occurs at the very door. The effectiveness of the obstacle (a strategy put forward to alleviate clogging in emergency exits) is therefore quite sensitive to its location. In addition, the study of the temporal evolution of the flow rate as the test develops makes evident a steady behavior during the entire duration of the entrance. This result is at odds with recent findings in human evacuation tests where the flow rate varies over time, therefore challenging the fairness of straightforward comparisons between pedestrian behavior and animal experimental observations.
Revista:
ACE. ARCHITECTURE, CITY AND ENVIRONMENT
ISSN:
1887-7052
Año:
2016
Vol.:
11
N°:
31
Págs.:
71 - 92
Objetivo En un momento de intensa actividad en la reformulación de la arquitectura escolar, el colegio Nuestra Señora del Recuerdo de Luis Laorga incorporó avances en la tipología de acuerdo a las nuevas necesidades pedagógicas y destacó como una obra ejemplar de arquitectura. La investigación pretende identificar los valores y aportaciones de este edificio, así como determinar su relevancia en la historia de la arquitectura española. Metodología Este trabajo sitúa la obra en su contexto histórico, analiza en detalle el edificio a partir de la documentación original de la obra y determina su repercusión a través de su aparición en publicaciones de arquitectura de la época. Conclusiones Si bien el proyecto partió de patrones racionalistas, añadió aportaciones particulares que contribuyeron al desarrollo de la tipología escolar. Esta obra se convirtió en una referencia para proyectos posteriores gracias a su difusión a través de las revistas especializadas que equipararon por primera vez una escuela española a los ejemplos de vanguardia internacionales. Originalidad El colegio de Laorga, aunque fue valorado en el momento de su construcción, ha sido poco atendido por la historiografía, principalmente como consecuencia de su demolición. Por tanto, se considera valioso el estudio en detalle de este proyecto, para rescatar sus aportaciones y valores como obra arquitectónica. Este artículo no sólo se dirige a investigadores sino también al conjunto de los arquitectos por la vi
Revista:
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
ISSN:
1742-5468
Año:
2016
N°:
4
Págs.:
043402
We report a thorough analysis of the intermittent flow of pedestrians through a narrow door. The observations include five different sets of evacuation drills with which we have investigated the effect of door size and competitiveness on the flow dynamics. Although the outcomes are in general compatible with the existence of the faster-is-slower effect, the temporal evolution of the instantaneous flow rate provides evidence of new features. These stress the crucial role of the number of people performing the tests, which has an influence on the obtained results. Once the transients at the beginning and end of the evacuation are removed, we have found that the time lapses between the passage of two consecutive pedestrians display heavy-tailed distributions in all the scenarios studied. Meanwhile, the distribution of burst sizes decays exponentially; this can be linked to a constant probability of finding a long-lasting clog during the evacuation process. Based on these results, a discussion is presented on the caution that should be exercised when measuring or describing the intermittent flow of pedestrians through narrow doors.
Revista:
DYNA (ESPAÑA)
ISSN:
0012-7361
Año:
2016
Vol.:
91
N°:
5
Págs.:
507 - 511
The article proposes new ways of work to redesign previous Peltier cells prototypes using biomimetic methodologies. Biomimicry can be a source of fresh ideas to solve contemporary problems. Also in terms of energy saving and efficiency, animals can be of aid. Ectotherms, animals that depend on external factors to be in a range of `living temperature¿, have developed strategies to survive and adjust their metabolism regarding the environment and weather conditions.
Social insects are ectotherm animals. One specimen of these species cannot be autonomous and would die if he is out of his nest for a long or even short time. Previous studies made about bees behaviour in beehives show up an automated and accurate work to maintain nest temperature.
Strategies such as the heat shield or stigmergy have been translated to obtain better control of the air cavity and a decentralized computational control of the equipment.
Revista:
BUILDING SIMULATION
ISSN:
1996-3599
Año:
2016
Vol.:
9
N°:
3
Págs.:
343 - 357
This paper is comprehended in the study of the application of the biomimicry science in building services and energy management, taking as a reference the case of tuna. Tuna generates heat in the muscles, organs and tissues of the inner area of its body (dark muscles). This heat is distributed in the periphery in order to maintain constant body temperature. From this biological reality, researchers analyse the possibility of altering the heating demand of an office on the basis of the heat conservation strategy applied by tuna, merely modifying the working-spaces. For this purpose, an existing office building with high architectonical quality parameters has been chosen and different scenarios have been defined in order to perform the energy simulations. The case studies correspond to the variations in the floor layout and occupancy density distribution. Besides, they are studied in three European cities with different climate. The evaluation of results is mainly focused on the heating demand since tuna strategy comprises the heat management. It is shown that the arrangement of high thermal load locals affects the heating demand of the building, being more efficient the tuna distribution in order to lower the demand.
Revista:
BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
ISSN:
0143-6244
Año:
2016
Vol.:
37
N°:
4
Págs.:
431 - 449
The article describes from an architectonical point of view the design, assembly, and energy behavior of a prototype for air-conditioning in residential buildings using Peltier cells, which means the application in the field of construction of a technology used in very specific areas. The new system has been designed as an independent, prefabricated, modular construction element that must fit perfectly between the structural floors and is easily adapted to the demands of different buildings. The thermoelectric cooling heating unit is designed to offer a high level of comfort to those living in the building. The only mechanical elements are the dissipation heat fans placed on the outside of the prototype, and heat sinks to transfer the heat from the power elements, reducing the possibilities of failure. The result of all these ideas is the construction of a prefabricated module, consisting of a simplified inhabited housing unit with a thermoelectric installation serving the module, which has obtained a national patent. The results of the thermal and electric behavior demonstrate that the system does not work as well as had been expected; nevertheless, the system has a high potential for its use in buildings associated with photovoltaic.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF FACADE DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
ISSN:
2213-302X
Año:
2015
Vol.:
3
N°:
1
Págs.:
15 - 25
In order to fulfil the current challenges for the European building sector, building design has diverged into two alternative directions: active technologies and passive design strategies. In the last few years, advanced and responsive building envelope components have represented a promising answer to these challenges. This paper presents the design and construction process of a project that aims to design, build and control the energy performance of an industrial-scale modular active ventilated facade prototype with a new Themoelectric Peltier System (TPS). The TPS is a thermoelectric HVAC heat pump system designed to be located in the building envelope and providing a high comfort level. Trying to optimize the energy performance of the traditional ventilated opaque facade, and make more efficient the energy performance of the TPS, the concept of adaptability has been applied to ventilated opaque facades. The essential research theme is to control the natural phenomena that take place inside the ventilated air cavity of the facade: taking advantage when heat dissipation is needed, and avoiding it when heat losses are not welcome. In order to quantify the previous statements, some facade prototypes are being built in Pamplona (Spain) and their energy performance is going to be analyzed during a year.
Revista:
AUS (VALDIVIA)
ISSN:
0718-7262
Año:
2015
N°:
18
Págs.:
30 - 36
Este texto aporta datos concretos y resultados sobre cómo se realiza la docencia e investigación de los sistemas de instalaciones y energía en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Navarra, de modo que puedan servir de referencia y orientación a profesores e investigadores ligados a estas áreas de conocimiento. Se trata de una metodología expositiva, en orden cronológico, de las actividades que se han realizado desde 2002 en el plano docente y de investigación. Esta secuencia habría que entenderla, por tanto, como una muestra del abanico de posibilidades abiertas a otros docentes e investigadores. This article provides specific data and findings about teaching and research of energy and facility systems in the Superior Technical School of Architecture of the University of Navarra so that they can be used as a benchmark and guidelines for teachers and researchers involved in these knowledge areas. It is a time sequenced expository approach of teaching and research activities performed since 2002. Hence, the sequence should be understood as a sample of the range of possibilities open to other teachers and scholars.
Revista:
CASE STUDIES IN FIRE SAFETY
ISSN:
2214-398X
Año:
2015
Vol.:
3
Págs.:
17 - 24
The aim of this innovative educational project is to encourage students¿ interest in one of the most underrated fields of fire safety: emergency lighting. So this educational project aims to combine the relationships amongst the evacuation safety theory, real manufacturers products and an specific software for its usage. In order to achieve it, a `technical cabinet¿ has been designed and built for its use in the Laboratory of a University School. The design, content and learning system of the cabinet confirmed the validity of the initial concept during the first year of use. A protocol has also been developed for the technical cabinet, so that the teaching experience may be of use in other Schools of Architecture.
Revista:
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
ISSN:
2470-0045
Año:
2015
Vol.:
92
N°:
6
Págs.:
062817
The ¿faster-is-slower¿ (FIS) effect was first predicted by computer simulations of the egress of pedestrians through a narrow exit [D. Helbing, I. J. Farkas, and T. Vicsek, Nature (London) 407, 487 (2000)]. FIS refers to the finding that, under certain conditions, an excess of the individuals' vigor in the attempt to exit causes a decrease in the flow rate. In general, this effect is identified by the appearance of a minimum when plotting the total evacuation time of a crowd as a function of the pedestrian desired velocity. Here, we experimentally show that the FIS effect indeed occurs in three different systems of discrete particles flowing through a constriction: (a) humans evacuating a room, (b) a herd of sheep entering a barn, and (c) grains flowing out a 2D hopper over a vibrated incline. This finding suggests that FIS is a universal phenomenon for active matter passing through a narrowing.
Revista:
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
ISSN:
2470-0045
Año:
2015
Vol.:
91
Págs.:
022808
We present an experimental study of a flock passing through a narrow door. Video monitoring of daily routines in a farm has enabled us to collect a sizable amount of data. By measuring the time lapse between the passage of consecutive animals, some features of the flow regime can be assessed. A quantitative definition of clogging is demonstrated based on the passage time statistics. These display broad tails, which can be fitted by power laws with a relatively large exponent. On the other hand, the distribution of burst sizes robustly evidences exponential behavior. Finally, borrowing concepts from granular physics and statistical mechanics, we evaluate the effect of increasing the door size and the performance of an obstacle placed in front of it. The success of these techniques opens new possibilities regarding their eventual extension to the management of human crowds.
Revista:
CASE STUDIES IN FIRE SAFETY
ISSN:
2214-398X
Año:
2015
Vol.:
4
Págs.:
19 - 27
This paper presents a methodology for risk analysis and assessment to manage territorial data based on Geographical Information Systems from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, disaster science, environmental science, fire safety and urban services. The results in this methodology are intended to support local and provincial government agencies to: make resource allocation decisions; make high-level planning decisions and raise public awareness of disasters risk, its causes, and ways to manage it.
The Autonomous Community of Navarra, as a result of a special administrative status, possesses a number of specific features that have let it build up a high technological development in several fields. The main areas of research are healthcare and renewable energies, but also focused in the implementation of security systems at territorial level.These advances and particularities of the GIS software used by the fire fighters of this community will be the ones shown in this paper, as well as its prospective improvements in the collaboration with the experts responsible for urban planning of a School of Architecture.
Revista:
ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH
ISSN:
2168-507X
Año:
2015
Vol.:
5
N°:
1
Págs.:
1 - 9
The Basilica of Arantzazu is a recognized project, designed by the architects Luis Laorga and Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza, one of the most emblematic works of the church architecture of the twentieth-century in Spain. Although widely studied by architectural criticism, nothing is known about its interesting HVAC services, so this article analyzes and puts forward a technical aspect, heating and ventilation, providing critical examination of the abundant and unprecedented existing information about the original design of the main building services in this project. Results include unpublished information, redrawing from original plans and theoretical consideration about the role of the architects in the design and construction of these building services.
Revista:
EL INSTALADOR
ISSN:
0210-4091
Año:
2015
Vol.:
526
Págs.:
104 - 112
Revista:
INSTALADOR
ISSN:
0210-4091
Año:
2015
N°:
531
Págs.:
49 - 54
El rendimiento estacional de una caldera relaciona la energía aprovechada en una máquina
durante un periodo determinado de funcionamiento, y la energía total consumida por la
máquina durante el mismo periodo. Este concepto, frente al de considerar solo el rendimiento
puntual de la caldera, está llamado ha ocupar un lugar principal en el futuro de la clasificación
energética de estos equipos.
Desde este planteamiento, la mejora del rendimiento global del uso de las calderas puede
lograrse con un avance tan `sencillo¿ como el de tener una lógica y mayor modulación de la
potencia entregada por la caldera, de forma que se pueda ajustar la generación de energía a la
demanda de cada momento y que, de esta manera, se reduzcan al máximo los ciclos de
encendidos y apagados tan frecuentes en calderas con poca modulación, logrando así un
menor desperdicio de energía.
Contribuir a extender el empleo de esta tecnología aportando una serie de consideraciones
teóricas y normativas es el objeto de este artículo.
Revista:
CONSTRUCTION HISTORY
ISSN:
0267-7768
Año:
2015
Vol.:
30
N°:
2
Págs.:
107 - 129
Built in 1955, the SEAT Dining Hall in Barcelona was the first structure to use aluminium in
Spanish civil engineering, and the building was awarded the first prize in the international
competition held by Reynolds in 1957.
The aim of this article is to study the technical and construction systems used in the SEAT
Dining Hall building as the catalysts of its architectural design. We will begin by placing the
building in its historical context and by presenting its creators. We will then analyse how its
pioneering, externally-visible aluminium structure provides the backbone for the requirements
program. The modern image of the enclosure will be studied as an indispensable response to
the climate in Barcelona. Finally, we will reconstruct the building services system for
hygrothermic conditioning, for which there are no graphical records, in order to evaluate its
ground-breaking techniques and how it is integrated into the building.
In the final analysis, we will see how the collaboration between the architects Ortiz-Echagüe,
Barbero and de la Joya with the engineers was fundamental in this building, which should be
recognized as one of the most innovative, efficient and modern structures which make up the
patrimony, both Spanish and international, of the 20th century
Revista:
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROCEDIA
ISSN:
2352-1465
Año:
2014
Vol.:
2
Págs.:
760 - 767
The Faster-Is-Slower effect (Helbing et al (2000)) is an important instance of self-organized phenomenon in pedestrian dynamics. Despite this, an experimental demonstration is still lacking. We present controlled tests where a group of students are asked to exit a room through a door. Instead of just measuring the evacuation times, we have analyzed the probability distribution of the time lapses between consecutive individuals. We show how it displays a power-law tail. This method displays clearly the Faster Is Slower effect, and also allows to assess the impact of several tactics that can be put in place to alleviate the problem.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ISSN:
2334-2986
Año:
2014
Vol.:
2
N°:
2
Págs.:
119 - 133
The article presents the process of placing sensors in a multi-sensorial network, dynamically incorporating a
large number of heterogeneous input sources able to provide accurate monitoring data related with space
occupancy, energy consumption, comfort levels and environmental quality.To evaluate this multi-sensorial
network on real life conditions and on the specific business domains addressed by the Project, this sensing
network will be based on heterogeneous sensors (light, motion, CO2, CO, temperature, relative humidity,
existing infrastructure on video-surveillance, depth/range image generators, energy consumption, etc.) in
order to provide an all-inclusive perspective of covered spaces. Thearticleispart of a global
projecttodevelopprivacy-preserving human detection and tracking toolkit, whith the implementation of
algorithms for calibration of multiple-depth sensors in the architectural sketch up of a building (BIM), and
the development of techniques for extraction of occupancy-related statistics in the spatio-temporal domain
of a building. It is an architectural prototype agile and scalable, integrated with the extended LS middleware,
quepermite the training and calibration as decision making toolkit for Facility Managers.
Revista:
APPLIED ENERGY
ISSN:
0306-2619
Año:
2014
Vol.:
114
Págs.:
475 - 484
The current methods of building energy simulation that designers and engineers (D&E) use in order to find the energy performance of a building do not take into account the real behavior of the people who will use the building. The main aim of this paper is to show how by merely including the real behavior of people in building simulations there may be differences of up to 30%, through the study of a real pilot site simulation with existing software. These data confirm the possibilities of energy and money saving that energy simulation programs bring about when they include schedules of true use of the building (BIM).
Revista:
ENERGY PROCEDIA
ISSN:
1876-6102
Año:
2014
Vol.:
61
Págs.:
700 - 703
The research is looking for an innovative self-sufficient, industrialized and lightweight façade module that integrates a thermoelectric HVAC system. The principal aim of the research was to try providing a built answer to the current efficiency objectives (Directive 2010/31/CE), creating a façade solution that can be installed in new buildings or in already existing ones. This report tries to explain the theoretical design of this new façade system with Peltier cells.
Revista:
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION
ISSN:
0304-3797
Año:
2013
Vol.:
38
N°:
5
Págs.:
468 - 482
Revista:
TECTONICA
ISSN:
1136-0062
Año:
2013
Vol.:
41
Págs.:
4 - 19
La protección contra incendios es una materia de conocimiento multidisciplinar y transversal que afecta al conjunto del edificio y de su proceso proyectual: disposición del programa, estructuras, construcción... Un texto aproximativo como este, corre el riesgo de ser demasiado generalista o de centrarse solo en algunos de los detalles, olvidando otros. En todo caso, ha de buscarse la consecución de tres objetivos: Seguridad de personas, protección de bienes, y continuidad, a ser posible, de las actividades.
Revista:
EL INSTALADOR
ISSN:
0210-4091
Año:
2012
N°:
501
Págs.:
15 - 20
Revista:
JOURNAL OF GREEN BUILDING
ISSN:
1552-6100
Año:
2011
Vol.:
6
N°:
4
Págs.:
37 - 44
Revista:
INSTALADOR
ISSN:
0210-4091
Año:
2011
N°:
489 (Octubre)
Págs.:
32 - 44
Nacionales y Regionales
Título:
Enfriamiento pasivo con recubrimientos selectivos como estrategia de refrigeración resiliente en industria
Código de expediente:
0011-1383-2022-000015 (PC141 ReCool)
Investigador principal:
Amaia Zuazua Ros
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2022 GN Proyectos Colaborativos
Fecha de inicio:
01/09/2022
Fecha fin:
30/11/2024
Importe concedido:
156.581,93€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
Módulo de fachada industrializado, autónomo y activo para climatización: validación técnico-económica. Iactiv
Código de expediente:
0011-1365-2016-000289
Investigador principal:
César Martín Gómez
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2016 GN I+D
Fecha de inicio:
01/09/2016
Fecha fin:
30/04/2018
Importe concedido:
125.136,97€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
Cuantificación de parámetros contaminantes de la exhalación de los edificios en entornos urbanos
Código de expediente:
PID2019-104083RB-I00
Investigador principal:
César Martín Gómez, Arturo Hugo Ariño Plana
Financiador:
MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN
Convocatoria:
2019 AEI PROYECTOS I+D+i (incluye Generación del conocimiento y Retos investigación)
Fecha de inicio:
01/06/2020
Fecha fin:
31/05/2024
Importe concedido:
145.200,00€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
Termoelectricidad aplicada a carpinterías activas de aluminio para el acondicionamiento térmico de espacios
Código de expediente:
0011-1365-2021-000219
Investigador principal:
Amaia Zuazua Ros
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2021 GN I+D Transferencia del conocimiento (empresas)
Fecha de inicio:
01/04/2021
Fecha fin:
31/03/2023
Importe concedido:
202.465,82€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
Módulo de fachada industrializado, autónomo y activo para climatización: demostración final integrada. iACTIV 2.0
Código de expediente:
0011-1365-2018-000211
Investigador principal:
César Martín Gómez
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2018 GN I+D
Fecha de inicio:
01/03/2018
Fecha fin:
31/12/2019
Importe concedido:
132.127,43€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
Análisis y Aprovechamiento Experimental de los Residuos del Curtido de Pieles.
Código de expediente:
0011-1383-2018-000005 PT025 AnAERObE
Investigador principal:
Marina Vidaurre Arbizu
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2018 GN Centros
Fecha de inicio:
01/02/2018
Fecha fin:
30/11/2018
Importe concedido:
82.998,13€
Otros fondos:
-
