IntroductionOver the past few years, several studies have described the brain activation pattern related to both time discrimination (TD) and change detection processes. We hypothesize that both processes share a common brain network which may play a significant role in more complex cognitive processes. The main goal of this proof-of-concept study is to describe the pattern of brain activity involved in TD and oddball detection (OD) paradigms, and in processes requiring higher cognitive effort. MethodsWe designed an experimental task, including an auditory test tool to assess TD and OD paradigms, which was conducted under functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 14 healthy participants. We added a cognitive control component into both paradigms in our test tool. We used the general linear model (GLM) to analyze the individual fMRI data images and the random effects model for group inference. ResultsWe defined the areas of brain activation related to TD and OD paradigms. We performed a conjunction analysis of contrast TD (task > control) and OD (task > control) patterns, finding both similarities and significant differences between them. DiscussionWe conclude that change detection and other cognitive processes requiring an increase in cognitive effort require participation of overlapping functional and neuroanatomical components, suggesting the presence of a common time and change detection network. This is of particular relevance for future research on normal cognitive functioning in the healthy population, as well as for the study of cognitive impairment and clinical manifestations associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia.

BackgroundThe Internet has become the main source of information on health issues, and information now determines the therapeutic preferences of patients. For this reason, it is relevant to analyze online information discussing psychotherapy. ObjectiveTo investigate tweets posted by 25 major US media outlets between 2009 and 2019 concerning psychotherapy. MethodsWe investigated tweets posted by 25 major US media outlets about psychotherapy between January 2009 and December 2019 as well as the likes generated. In addition, we measured the sentiment analysis of these tweets. ResultsMost of the tweets analyzed focused on Mindfulness (5,498), while a low number were related to Psychoanalysis (376) and even less to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (61). Surprisingly, Computer-supported therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Systemic therapy, Acceptance and commitment therapy, and Dialectical behavior therapy did not generate any tweet. In terms of content, efficacy was the main focus of the posted tweets, receiving Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness a positive appraisal. ConclusionsUS media outlets focused their interest on Mindfulness which may have contributed to the growing popularity in the past years of this therapeutic modality.

Psychotic disorders are an heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a symptomatology related to break with reality. Because its severity, schizophrenia is the most relevant disorder, involving the both subject and his family. Classified as neurodevelopmental disease, whose symptoms appear during pregnancy, which evolves to chronicity, and in which relapses along the life are frequent. In the latest version of the classification of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) all psychotic disorders are classified in the same chapter.

Although antipsychotic drugs are effective against positive psychosis symptoms, their effectiveness is limited against negative ones. Treatment has to be supplemented with non-pharmacological measures (psychoeducation, cognitive rehabilitation, social skills training). One of the greatest challenges is therapeutic adherence, being crucial to achieve a good evolution. The best therapeutic option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia is clozapine.