Este artículo analiza el uso de Telegram como herramienta de comunicación electoral en España, centrándose en los mensajes enviados por los cinco partidos mayoritarios del país (PSOE, PP, Vox, Unidas Podemos y Ciudadanos) durante las campañas correspondientes a los comicios generales del 28 de abril y del 10 de noviembre de 2019. Una singularidad de este estudio recae en la triangulación metodológica, con la combinación de dos técnicas de investigación empleadas: un tradicional análisis de contenido y, a su vez, un proceso de minería de datos mediante el lenguaje de programación Python. De esta manera, los resultados iniciales, que apuntan a un mayoritario uso de Telegram como herramienta de movilización y de acercamiento del candidato al votante, se refuerzan y contextualizan gracias a la implementación de técnicas de análisis Big Data que permiten profundizar de forma ágil y precisa en las deducciones del estudio.

In the broader context of a research project about political participation on Facebook during the Portuguese electoral year of 2019 - for the European Parliament in May, and for the National Parliament in October -, a dataset of more than 9,000 posts and corresponding reactions and comments had been previously retrieved using Facepager. Participating in a data sprint came up as an opportunity to explore some specific questions in an intensive and time-bound context, using a subset of the data tailored to the purpose of discovering: 1) how differently official parties tried to engage with Facebook users before, during, and after the campaigns for the major elections periods (¿supply side¿), and 2) what type of content received the most attention and engagement (¿demand side¿). Our results show that regardless of the party¿s age and position in the political spectrum, the persistent main categories are ¿National Politics¿, ¿Fundamental Rights¿, and ¿Self-Promotion¿ for both elections. Also, we found that posts with images attract more attention, and apparently this may be leveraged if the textual content of the post is in topics of ¿National Politics¿. However, this finding requires further investigation. Along with details about the research during the data sprint and the main findings, this paper is also a testimony about the singularities and learnings of a process built upon the constraints of taking data sprints situation as a workflow.

In search of profitability, digital media have for years been exploring innovative strategies to produce and finance their content. Specifically, digital-native media, those news organisations that operate solely in digital networks, have generally evolved from an ad-based free content model to multi-revenue stream business models in which formulas like branded content have gained relevance. Drawing upon three cases¿BuzzFeed, Viceand Vox¿, this article analyses the evolution of the business strategies of global digital-native organisations towards multi-revenue streams paying attention to the role of the new forms the commercial content is adopting in this competitive scenario. This article uses a multiple case study approach that examines both relevant news stories (n=1,000) and in-depth interviews with managers and editors (n=7) to understand how the emphasis of these three leading digital-native media brands on branded content formats as a revenue source have impacted their business models. These brands have evolved towards a combination of news and branded editorial content, which is constantly adapted to user behaviour while looking for innovative ways to engage with the audience. Results show that although branded content and other alternative means of revenue have become essential for these digital-native media organisations, they do not provide an ultimate and long-term model.

This paper aims to investigate Google's role in European media sustainability. In order to understand the implication of this digital intermediary in the news industry, we have analysed all of the projects funded through Google's DNI Fund from 2016 to 2020. After revising each report, we have classified the data available, including the full amount of money awarded, chronologically marking every new country added to the fund and all the media outlets involved in each project. We argue that Google's role is truly beneficial for the medium and long-term sustainability of European media because it offers both financial support and a successful path for media companies to truly embrace its digital technology potential. However, it also has some added weight in terms of transparency (a key element in sustainability practice and standards) and press independence. Besides the existing correlations between the awarded countries and the changes that have affected media legislation in Europe, our findings show an alarming scarcity of information regarding both the continuity and the conditions of each funded project. Our proposed agenda for future research consists of an in-depth investigation of each beneficiary, which will entail several interviews as well as different case studies of all the participants in Europe.</p>

The growth of Hispanic population in the United States has also increased the production of Spanish-language media in the country. Hispanic newspapers are in the midst of a transition towards a more digital environment. These new online media have to adapt to new scenarios and devices in order to improve their dissemination among the population, without losing the quality of information that characterizes the Spanish-language news in the United States.

The Internet and the development of new digital technologies have widely influenced both the growth and business strategies of the media environment during the last two decades, in terms of news production, consumption, and presence. The increasing power of digital platforms has disrupted the business models of legacy media in a time of severe economic crisis. The need to embrace digital transitions and to engage with digital intermediaries represents a big challenge for the media industry. However, technology and digital environments can be perceived as allies as well when developing innovative and sustainable business models. In this chapter, we explore the way automation can be integrated within Public Service Media organisations to contribute to saving costs and to provide more knowledge for their strategic decision-making. We develop two case studies on how PSM are experimenting with automation and Artificial Intelligence: the BBC, one of the biggest PSM organisations in the world, and the BR, a regional public service broadcaster in Germany. We conclude that journalism¿s cruise control still needs a human driver to be able to balance the benefits of innovation with professional values and ethics.

Media organizations have been struggling to survive in the digital age. In order to get a chance to pull through while facing the threat of a post-truth era, data and investigative journalism seem to be more important than ever. The old model of highly competitive single newsroom environment evolve to a `new model¿ of sharing information, sometimes on a global scale, dealing with new players. Thus, third-party organizations come in handy to help to overcome the lack of resources and skills within the newsrooms. This study conducted six (n=6) in-depth interviews with professionals working within thirdparty organizations, such as startups, studios or agencies in the five continents (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania). The results show that the number of news outlets requesting their services have been reducing, with many organizations bringing these skills inside the newsrooms. The political context and media crisis also affect outsourcing by publishers. However, these organizations still believe they will be useful in the future with new technological capacities being requested, such as automation.

Desde su nacimiento, Internet se ha convertido en una de las herramientas que más rápido ha evolucionado a lo largo de la ya larga historia que alumbra a las disciplinas profesionales de la comunicación. Con su implementación en el patrimonio de los bienes comunicativos digitales han surgido renovadas sistemáticas de transferencia de la información especialmente heterogéneas en cuanto a metodologías e instrumentos puestos a su servicio. Acciones como enviar y recibir datos con la mayor rapidez posible o facilitar espontáneos métodos de transmisión informativa interpersonal, se convierten ahora en objetivos esenciales a cumplir dentro de los dominios online. No obstante, la irrupción de estos paradigmas comunicativos no excluye la aplicación de criterios formales y funcionales vinculados directamente al diseño de formatos y soportes de hechura y divulgación digital. Esta propuesta acomete el estudio de materias y conceptos catalogados dentro del diseño de estándares periodísticos asociados a las tres versiones webs que determinan el espacio comunicativo digital. Webs, filológicamente enunciadas como la ¿informativa¿, la ¿interactiva¿ y la ¿semántica¿.