Autores: González Sánchez, Jesús Fidel; Tasci, B.; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: POLYMERS
ISSN 2073-4360
Vol. 12
Nº 4
2020
págs. 887
This paper presents the experimental procedure to develop air lime-based injection grouts including polymeric superplasticizers, a water repellent agent and pozzolanic agents as additives. Research focuses on the development of grouts to improve various characteristics simultaneously combining different additions and admixtures. Aiming to improve the injectability of the grouts, in this study different polymeric superplasticizers were added, namely polycarboxylated-ether derivative (PCE), polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and condensate of melamine-formaldehyde sulfonate (SMFC). Sodium oleate was also used as a water repellent agent to reduce the water absorption. The enhancement of the strength and setting time was intended by using microsilica and metakaolin as pozzolanic mineral additions. Compatibility between the different admixtures and action mechanism of the different polymers were studied by means of zeta potential and adsorption isotherms measurements. Diverse grout mixtures were produced and investigated assessing their injectability, fluidity, stability, compressive strength, hydrophobicity and durability. This research leads to several suitable mixtures produced by using more than one component to enhance efficiency and to provide better performance of grouts. According to the results, the grout composed of air lime, metakaolin, sodium oleate and PCE was found the most effective composition improving the mechanical strength, injectability and hydrophobicity.
Autores: Speziale, A.; González Sánchez, Jesús Fidel; Tasci, B.; et al.
Revista: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
ISSN 1558-3058
Vol. 14
Nº 7
2020
págs. 1008 - 1029
Unique multifunctional coatings, comprising a 3D superhydrophobic agent and two nanostructured photocatalysts (solar-light sensitive 50/50 and 10/90 TiO2-ZnO nano-heterostructures), compatible with the inorganic substrates of the Built Heritage, have been designed.
The synthesized nanoparticles showed an enhanced photocatalytic activity (tested by NO degradation) as compared with the raw TiO2 and ZnO materials.
Dispersing agents were used to optimize the coatings, avoiding agglomeration of the photocatalytic nanoparticles and increasing the stability of the suspensions. Four distinct dispersions were optimized and applied as coatings onto stony materials used in the Built Heritage, such as sandstone, lime mortar, granite and limestone. Their effectiveness was assessed by assessing hydrophobicity of the surfaces (static water contact angle), photocatalytic activity and self-cleaning as well as water vapour permeability of the treated specimens. These transparent coatings demonstrated high compatibility with the construction materials of the Architectural Heritage and showed a synergistic effect rendering a minimized water absorption, self-cleaning ability evidenced by the reduced adsorption of soiling deposits and a reasonable degradation of any trace that might be adsorbed, as well as a protecting hydrophobic environment for the photocatalyst.
Autores: Marin-Alejandre, B. A.; Abete Goñi, Itziar; Monreal Marquiegui, José Ignacio; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
ISSN 1933-2874
2020
Autores: Moreno Amatria, Esther; Calvo Bacaicoa, Alba; Schwartz Mota, Juana; et al.
Revista: PHARMACEUTICS
ISSN 1999-4923
Vol. 11
Nº 11
2019
págs. 607
The oral administration of dapsone (DAP) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is effective, although serious hematological side effects limit its use. In this study, we evaluated this drug for the topical treatment of CL. As efficacy depends on potency and skin penetration, we first determined its antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 100 ¿M) and selectivity index in vitro against Leishmania major-infected macrophages. In order to evaluate the skin penetration ex vivo, we compared an O/W cream containing DAP that had been micronized with a pluronic lecithin emulgel, in which the drug was solubilized with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. For both formulations we obtained similar low flux values that increased when the stratum corneum and the epidermis were removed. In vivo efficacy studies performed on L. major-infected BALB/c mice revealed that treatment not only failed to cure the lesions but made their evolution and appearance worse. High plasma drug levels were detected and were concomitant with anemia and iron accumulation in the spleen. This side effect was correlated with a reduction of parasite burden in this organ. Our results evidenced that DAP in these formulations does not have an adequate safety index for use in the topical therapy of CL.
Autores: Murillo Sauca, Oihana; Moreno Luqui, Daniel; Gazquez López, Cristina; et al.
Revista: HEPATOLOGY
ISSN 0270-9139
Vol. 70
Nº 1
2019
págs. 108 - 126
Gene therapy with an adeno-associated vector (AAV) serotype 8 encoding the human ATPase copper-transporting beta polypeptide (ATP7B) complementary DNA (cDNA; AAV8¿ATP7B) is able to provide long-term copper metabolism correction in 6-week-old male Wilson disease (WD) mice. However, the size of the genome (5.2 kilobases [kb]) surpasses the optimal packaging capacity of the vector, which resulted in low-yield production; in addition, further analyses in WD female mice and in animals with a more advanced disease revealed reduced therapeutic efficacy, as compared to younger males. To improve efficacy of the treatment, an optimized shorter AAV vector was generated, in which four out of six metal¿binding domains (MBDs) were deleted from the ATP7B coding sequence, giving rise to the miniATP7B protein (delta57-486-ATP7B). In contrast to AAV8-ATP7B, AAV8-miniATP7B could be produced at high titers and was able to restore copper homeostasis in 6- and 12-week-old male and female WD mice. In addition, a recently developed synthetic AAV vector, AAVAnc80, carrying the miniATP7B gene was similarly effective at preventing liver damage, restoring copper homeostasis, and improving survival 1 year after treatment. Transduction of approximately 20% of hepatocytes was sufficient to normalize copper homeostasis, suggesting that corrected hepatocytes are acting as a sink to eliminate excess of copper.
Autores: Pérez Nicolás, María; Plank, J.; Ruiz-Izuriaga, D.; et al.
Revista: CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
ISSN 0950-0618
Vol. 162
2018
págs. 628 - 648
Coatings made with water dispersions of different nano-particles of photocatalytic additives (titania and titania doped with iron and vanadium) were prepared with diverse superplasticizers, SPs, to optimize the atmospheric NO removal efficiency when applied onto cement- and air-lime mortars. The use of different polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers (52IPEG, 23APEG and 45PC6) prevented nano-particles from agglomeration. The steric hindrance, provided by a large density and length of side chains, was ascertained as the most effective repulsion mechanism and 52IPEG was the most efficient SP. In PC- and air-lime mortars, the coatings with polycarboxylate-based SPs improved the NO removal rates as compared with the SP-free coating: an average increase of NO degradation by 15% under UV and by 76% under solar light was found. This finding was related to the drop in the agglomeration of the photocatalysts, with more exposed active sites and a decrease of the electron-hole recombination rates. Capillary water absorption and water vapour permeability values showed that the coatings did not alter the performance of the mortars. SEM examination showed that the use of SPs enhanced the distribution of the photocatalysts yielding thinner coating layers and boosting the percolation of the active material within the mortars. Accelerated weathering showed a moderate reduction of NO removal efficiency. Coating with 52IPEG was the most efficient in preserving the activity. Measurements of Ti content showed a low washout of the TiO2 nano-particles, supporting the long-run activity of these coatings.
Autores: Durán Benito, Adrián; González Sánchez, Jesús Fidel; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: POLYMERS
ISSN 2073-4360
Vol. 10
Nº 8
2018
págs. 824
A new range of grouts prepared by air lime and metakaolin (MK) as a pozzolanic admixture has been obtained by using as dispersing agents two polymers, namely poly-naphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and lignosulfonate (LS), with the aim of improving the fluidity of the fresh grouts. Fluidity and setting times of the grouts were assessed. Differences in the molecular architecture and in the anionic charge density explained the different adsorption of the polymers and the different performance. The higher anionic charge of PNS and its linear shape explained its better adsorption and effectiveness. The pozzolanic reaction was favoured in grouts with PNS, achieving the highest values of compressive strength (4.8 MPa after 182 curing days). The addition of PNS on lime grouts slightly decreased the frost resistance of the grouts (from 24 freeze-thaw cycles for the polymer-free samples to 19 or 20 cycles with 0.5 or 1 wt % of PNS). After the magnesium sulphate attack, grouts were altered by decalcification of hydrated phases and by formation of hexahydrite and gypsum. A protective role of portlandite against magnesium sulphate attack was clearly identified. Accordingly, the polymer LS, which preserves a significant amount of Ca(OH)2, could be an alternative for the obtaining of grouts requiring high sulphate attack resistance.
Autores: Murillo Sauca, Oihana; Moreno Luqui, Daniel; Gazquez López, Cristina; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (ONLINE)
ISSN 0168-8278
Vol. 68
Nº Supl. 1
2018
págs. S83 - S83
Autores: Pérez Nicolás, María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: NANOMATERIALS
ISSN 2079-4991
Vol. 7
Nº 10
2017
págs. 329
Mortars with two different binders (Portland cement (PC) and high alumina cement (HAC)) were modified upon the bulk incorporation of nano-structured photocatalytic additives (bare TiO2, and TiO2 doped with either iron (Fe-TiO2) or vanadium (V-TiO2)). Plastic and hardened state properties of these mortars were assessed in order to study the influence of these nano-additives. Water demand was increased, slightly by bare TiO2 and Fe-TiO2, and strongly by V-TiO2, in agreement with the reduction of the particle size and the tendency to agglomerate. Isothermal calorimetry showed that hydration of the cementitious matrices was accelerated due to additional nucleation sites offered by the nano-additives. TiO2 and doped TiO2 did not show pozzolanic reactivity in the binding systems. Changes in the pore size distribution, mainly the filler effect of the nano-additives, accounted for the increase in compressive strengths measured for HAC mortars. A complex microstructure was seen in calcium aluminate cement mortars, strongly dependent on the curing conditions. Fe-TiO2 was found to be homogeneously distributed whereas the tendency of V-TiO2 to agglomerate was evidenced by elemental distribution maps. Water absorption capacity was not affected by the nano-additive incorporation in HAC mortars, which is a favourable feature for the application of these mortars.
Autores: Pérez Nicolás, María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
ISSN 0950-0618
Vol. 149
2017
págs. 257 - 271
Mortars made with Portland cement, two different calcium aluminate cements and air lime were chosen to incorporate photocatalytic additives, because they have large exposed surfaces that boost the photochemical oxidation (PCO) of atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen oxides. TiO2 as reference catalyst, and two doped titania, Fe-TiO2 and V-TiO2, which were expected to increase the sensitivity of the additives towards the visible light, were studied. Cementing matrices, particularly air lime and high alumina cement mortars, yielded significant amounts of NO removal under the three illumination conditions studied (UV, solar and visible light), with high selectivity response for NO abatement (up to 60 to 80%) and low NO2 release. The presence of calcium carbonate has been shown to have a synergistic effect, enhancing the PCO of these mortars under different light sources.
Autores: Murillo Sauca, Oihana; Moreno Luqui, Daniel; Gazquez López, Cristina; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (ONLINE)
ISSN 0168-8278
Vol. 66
Nº 1
2017
págs. S5 - S6
Autores: Zalba Oteiza, Sara; Contreras Sandoval, Ana Margarita; Merino Díaz, María; et al.
Revista: NANOMEDICINE
ISSN 1743-5889
Vol. 11
Nº 5
2016
págs. 465 - 477
Aim: Development of EGF-liposomes (LP-EGF) for selective molecules delivery in tumors expressing EGFR. Material & methods: In vitro cellular interaction of EGF-LP and nontargeted liposomes (LP-N) was assayed at 37 and 4°C in cells expressing different EGFR levels. Receptor-mediated uptake was investigated by competition with a monoclonal antibody anti-EGFR. Selective intracellular drug delivery and efficacy was tested by oxaliplatin encapsulation. In vivo biodistribution of LP-N and LP-EGF was done in xenograft model. Results: LP-EGF was internalized by an active and selective mechanism through EGFR without receptor activation. Oxaliplatin LP-EGF decreased IC50 between 48 and 13% in cell EGFR+. LP-EGF was accumulated in tumor over 72 h postdosing, while LP-N in spleen. Conclusion: LP-EGF represents an attractive nanosystem for cancer therapy or diagnosis.
Autores: Murillo Sauca, Oihana; Moreno Luqui, Daniel; Gazquez López, Cristina; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
ISSN 1600-0641
Vol. 64
Nº 2
2016
págs. 419-26
Our data demonstrate that AAV8-AAT-ATP7B-mediated gene therapy provides long-term correction of copper metabolism in a clinically relevant animal model of WD providing support for future translational studies.
Autores: Durán Benito, Adrián; Sirera Bejarano, Rafael; Pérez Nicolás, María; et al.
Revista: CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
ISSN 0008-8846
Vol. 81
2016
págs. 1 - 15
The effect of chlorides and nitrates of Li(I), Cr(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) nitrate and Cr(VI) (chromate) on the early hydration of ternary cement system of calcium aluminates (CA, CA2, C12A7) was reported. Li(I) and Cr(III) caused a strong acceleration of the hydration, while Zn(II) as well as chromate gave rise to a slight acceleration. On the contrary, Pb(II) and Cu(II) retarded the hydration. A clear formation of AFm phases during the first hydration stages was found and related to the acceleration ability. Anions (nitrate or chloride as counterions or even chromate) were able to be incorporated into the interlayer space of AFm, yielding insoluble and stable compounds. A balance between the insolubility of the metal hydroxides (dependant on the low amphoteric character of the compound) and the ability of the formation of AFm hydrates seems to be very important to lean the equilibrium towards the retarding of the hydration or towards the acceleration, respectively.
Autores: Pérez Nicolás, María; Durán Benito, Adrián; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
ISSN 0008-8846
Vol. 82
2016
págs. 11 - 22
Polynaphtalenesulfonate (PNS) and lignosulfonate (LS) were tested as superplasticizers in pastes and mortars of pure air lime and air lime with a pozzolanic additive, nanosilica (NS). LS showed a better plasticizing effect than PNS: the flowability of the samples with LS as well as the slump retention over time was larger. LS strongly hindered carbonation due to its ability to form Ca2+ complexes. In mortars with NS, PNS was seen to interfere with the C-S-H formation, resulting in lower mechanical strengths. Adsorption isotherms and zeta potential showed that PNS was more adsorbed than LS onto lime and C-S-H particles. PNS acted mainly through electrostatic repulsion owing to its high anionic charge density and flat adsorption. However, LS was more efficient as superplasticizer in air lime media, steric hindrance being the main mechanism responsible for avoiding flocculation. Furthermore, LS yielded high compressive strengths in mortars with NS.
Autores: Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Durán Benito, Adrián; Pérez-Nicolás, M.; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ISSN 0301-4797
Vol. 159
2015
págs. 288 - 300
Phosphate coating hazardous wastes originated from the automotive industry were efficiently encapsulated by an acid¿base reaction between phosphates present in the sludge and calcium aluminate cement, yielding very inert and stable monolithic blocks of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Two different compositions of industrial sludge were characterized and loaded in ratios ranging from 10 to 50 wt.%. Setting times and compressive strengths were recorded to establish the feasibility of this method to achieve a good handling and a safe landfilling of these samples. Short solidification periods were found and leaching tests showed an excellent retention for toxic metals (Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) and for organic matter. Retentions over 99.9% for Zn and Mn were observed even for loadings as high as 50 wt.% of the wastes. The formation of ACP phase of low porosity and high stability accounted for the effective immobilization of the hazardous components of the wastes.
Autores: Zalba Oteiza, Sara; Contreras Sandoval, Ana Margarita; Haeri, A.; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
ISSN 0168-3659
Vol. 210
2015
págs. 26 - 36
Oxaliplatin (L-OH), a platinum derivative with good tolerability is currently combined with Cetuximab (CTX), a monoclonal antibody (mAb), for the treatment of certain (wild-type KRAS) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
Improvement of L-OH pharmacokinetics (PK) can be provided by its encapsulation into liposomes, allowing a more selective accumulation and delivery to the tumor. Here, we aim to associate both agents in a novel liposomal targeted therapy by linking CTX to the drug-loaded liposomes. These EGFR-targeted liposomes potentially combine the therapeutic activity and selectivity of CTX with tumor-cell delivery of L-OH in a single therapeutic approach.
L-OH liposomes carrying whole CTX or CTX-Fab¿ fragments on their surface were designed and characterized. Their functionality was tested in vitro using four human CRC cell lines, expressing different levels of EGFR to investigate the role of CTX-EGFR interactions in the cellular binding and uptake of the nanocarriers and encapsulated drug. Next, those formulations were evaluated in vivo in a colorectal cancer xenograft model with regard to tumor drug accumulation, toxicity and therapeutic activity.
In EGFR-overexpressing cell lines, intracellular drug delivery by targeted liposomes increased with receptor density reaching up to 3-fold higher levels than with non-targeted liposomes. Receptor specific uptake was demonstrated by competition with free CTX, which reduced...
Autores: Pérez-Nicolás, M; Balbuena, J.; Cruz-Yusta, M.; et al.
Revista: CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
ISSN 0008-8846
Vol. 70
2015
págs. 67 - 76
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was studied in two types of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) under two different curing regimes. The effect of the TiO2 addition on the setting time, consistency and mechanical properties of the CACs was evaluated. The abatement of gaseous pollutants (NOx) under UV irradiation was also assessed. These cementitious matrices were found to successfully retain NO2: more abundant presence of aluminates in white cement (w-CAC, iron-lean) helped to better adsorb NO2, thus improving the conversion performance of the catalyst resulting in a larger NOx removal under UV irradiation. As evidenced by XRD, SEM, EDAX and zeta potential analyses, the presence of ferrite in dark cement (d-CAC, iron-reach) induced a certain chemical interaction with TiO2. The experimental findings suggest the formation of new iron titanate phases, namely pseudobrookite. The reduced band-gap energy of these compounds compared with that of TiO2 accounts for the photocatalytic activity of these samples.
Autores: Hernández-Martínez, R.; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo
Revista: ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ISSN 0377-8401
Vol. 200
2015
págs. 35 - 46
Aflatoxins (AFs) content was analyzed in bovine feedstuff from dairy farms in Spain.¿None of the samples exceeds AFB1 legislation but a high incidence (90%) was found.¿Geographical location, unlike season or feeding system, had limited influence on AFs.¿Organic homemade feedstuff showed non-detected level of AFs throughout the study.
Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) are produced by the fungi Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) in substrates used in cattle feed manufacturing. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which may be present in milk from animals that consume contaminated feed. Levels of aflatoxins in 78 dairy cow feedstuff samples from 40 farms located in Navarra were determined by HPLC-FLD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detection) and post-column derivatization. The influence of geographical location, season and type of feeding system on aflatoxin content was studied. The climatic profile of AFB1 pointed to spring as the season with the highest aflatoxin level (0.086¿g/kg), followed by winter and summer (0.075 and 0.030¿g/kg, respectively), and to a lesser degree, autumn (0.017¿g/kg). Moreover, wet and dry TMR (Total Mixed Ration) feeding systems (i.e. AFB1: 0.076 and 0.068¿g/kg; Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1): 0.050 and 0.011¿g/kg, respectively) showed a greater content of the analyzed aflatoxins in comparison with compound feed (i.e. AFB1: 0.039¿g/kg; AFG1: 0.007¿g/kg). The fact that the majority of the samples collected were based on compound feed shows that this type was preferred by most dairy farmers. The undetectable levels of aflatoxins in the organic homemade compound feedstuff are also worth mentioning. While none of the feedstuff samples contained amounts over those permitted under European legislation (5¿g/kg), the theoretical extrapolation of the carryover rate suggested in previously published experiments of AFB1 to AFM1 in secreted cow's milk predicts that only one of the feed samples studied had a positive aflatoxin level (53.4ng/kg) higher than the legal limit for raw cow's milk.
Autores: Berasategi Zabalza, Izaskun; García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ISSN 0022-5142
Vol. 94
Nº 4
2014
págs. 744 - 751
BACKGROUND:
This applied research was done in order to obtain cooked products (bologna sausages) with significantly lower amounts of energy, total fat and saturated fat and higher amounts of ¿-3 fatty acids than conventional ones. Two subsequent experiments were performed.
RESULTS:
Experiment 1 aimed at pork back-fat reduction and enabled sausages to be obtained with 84¿g¿kg-1 fat and 1334¿kcal¿kg-1 , without significant negative effects on sensory quality. Carrageenan was used as fat replacer. Experiment 2 aimed at improving the lipid profile of the 'energy-reduced' sausages previously developed, by a partial substitution of the pork back-fat with a linseed oil-in water emulsion (substitution levels: 25-100%). Using the 100% substitution level gave rise to products with 27¿g¿kg-1 ¿-linolenic acid, and low saturated fat content (13.5¿g¿kg-1 ), showing good sensory results regarding taste, smell and texture. The use of antioxidant maintained low TBARs (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values in all formulations.
CONCLUSION:
It is possible to obtain cooked meat products (bologna sausages) with low energy, low saturated fat and a high amount of ¿-3 fatty acids simultaneously, applying a combination of the use of carrageenan, linseed oil emulsion and increment of water, without significant effects on sensory quality. Functional products, interesting from a nutritional standpoint, were achieved.
Autores: Durán Benito, Adrián; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
ISSN 0950-0618
Vol. 58
2014
págs. 147 - 158
The performance of air lime mortars modified by the incorporation of large amounts of nanostructured colloidal silica ¿ nanosilica, NS - (6, 10 and 20 wt.% with respect to lime) was the main objective of this work. Fresh mixture properties (water demand, setting time and plastic shrinkage), mechanical strengths up to one year and specimens¿ durability after accelerated ageing conditions (climatic chamber, freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack by MgSO4 corrosion test) were evaluated. NS was seen to have a strong pozzolanic activity in air lime media. Although the addition of NS gave rise to an increase in volume contraction, the superficial cracking caused by the drying shrinkage was reduced. A noticeable increase in the compressive strength values was observed in the NS-bearing mortars owing to the NS filler effect and the C-S-H formation, as proved by SEM examination and MIP analysis. A honeycomb-shaped network of C-S-H phases appeared as the prevailing microstructure in mortars with large NS additions. In the face of accelerated ageing processes, the presence of NS made the mortars more durable, delaying the progress of decay.
Autores: Barbosa, K. B. F.; Pinheiro-Volp, A. C.; Marques-Rocha, J. L.; et al.
Revista: REDOX REPORT (ONLINE)
ISSN 1743-2928
Vol. 19
Nº 6
2014
págs. 251 - 258
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in young and apparently healthy individuals. One hundred one individuals (53 women and 48 men) were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and endogenous and exogenous components of the antioxidant defense system. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences among subjects by the median of GPx activity. A linear regression model and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to screen the associations between GPx activity and interest variables. Individuals with higher GPx enzymatic activity were older and higher circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) values, but conversely lower nail concentrations of selenium and copper (P<0.05). The GPx activity was positively correlated to truncal fat percentage values (r=0.24, P=0.016), circulating levels of ox-LDL (r=0.28, P=0.004), and daily vitamin C intake (r=0.28, P=0.007), and negatively correlated to the nail concentration of selenium (r=-0.24, P=0.026). Interesting, it was noticed that the truncal fat percentage and circulating levels of ox-LDL explained 5.9 and 7.4% of the GPx enzymatic activity. Thus, preventive measures such as adequate antioxidant intake and proper fat percentage would be a priority in the nutritional care of young and apparently healthy individuals.
Autores: Poyato Aledo, María Candelaria; Ansorena Artieda, Diana María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
ISSN 0963-9969
Vol. 57
2014
págs. 152 - 161
The oxidative stability of seven oils with different fatty acid profiles was assessed. Oxidation at 0, 2 and 4 h at 180 °C was monitored by measuring the absorbance of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along the absorption spectrum (300¿600 nm), the volatile aldehydes (HS-SPME¿GC¿MS) and the fatty acid profile (FID-GC).
TBARS absorption spectrum behavior depended on the lipid composition of heated oils. Higher absorbance increments during heating were noticed at 390 nm compared to 532 nm (from 2 to 21 fold higher depending on the oil), pointing to its better sensitivity to detect oxidation. Furthermore, a close relationship between ABS390, the loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their corresponding oxidation compounds (volatile aldehydes) was revealed by Principal Component Analysis.
Multiparametric equations allowed predicting the formation of volatile aldehydes of heated oils by measuring only two parameters: TBARS390 during their heating, and the lipid profile in unheated oils (MUFA, ¿-3 and ¿-6). Results pointed out the interest of choosing ABS390 when the oxidative evolution of vegetable oils under heating is assessed by the TBARS test
Autores: Sirera Bejarano, Rafael; Álvarez Galindo, José Ignacio; Durán Benito, Adrián; et al.
Revista: REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN Y APRENDIZAJE
ISSN 2255-453X
Vol. 2
Nº 1
2014
págs. 83 - 92
Los medios audiovisuales son herramientas adecuadas hoy en día para ilustrar el desarrollo de las clases magistrales impartidas por el profesor universitario. El alumno se desenvuelve con soltura en estos soportes, y la utilización de estos medios es un óptimo complemento para una buena comprensión del tema. Particularizando esta acción en estudios experimentales, como la Química, las ventajas que aporta el empleo de estos materiales son claras, tanto en el entendimiento de los temas como en el propio acercamiento del alumno a aspectos más prácticos y relacionados con el ejercicio profesional al que se dedicarán cuando finalicen los estudios. El presente trabajo evalúa los resultados de aplicar las nuevas tecnologías en la enseñanza de la Química a estudiantes de la Universidad de Navarra. Se pretende identificar elementos propios del ejercicio profesional del químico y relacionar los contenidos teórico-prácticos de las asignaturas con el mismo, consiguiendo además con ello un mejor conocimiento de la materia objeto de estudio.
La percepción de los alumnos ha sido ciertamente positiva en términos de un incremento de interés por las materias implicadas y de una mejora en la comprensión de las mismas.
Autores: Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Pérez-Nicolás, M.; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
ISSN 0950-0618
Vol. 73
2014
págs. 1 - 12
Two polycarboxylate ether copolymers were assessed as superplasticizers (SPs) for hydrated lime pastes modified with two reactive compounds, nanosilica (NS) and ceramic metakaolin (MK). Characterization of the molecular structure of the SPs by Size Exclusion Chromatography, XRD, FTIR and MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight) mass spectrometry was performed. The structures of the polymers were seen to be star- and worm-like shapes. A close relationship was found between the molecular architecture and the flowability of the pastes, being the star-shaped plasticizer the most efficient. Zeta potential assessment allowed us to elucidate a steric hindrance as the main action mechanism for these polymers. The large specific surface area of nanosilica led to a large SPs consumption as compared with metakaolin with lower surface area. However, SPs in MK¿lime samples were attached favourably on the C¿S¿H and aluminate hydrates, so that the dispersing action was greater with respect to NS¿lime suspensions.
Autores: Barbosa, K. B. F.; Pinheiro-Volp, A. C.; Marques-Rocha, J. L.; et al.
Revista: NUTRITION
ISSN 0899-9007
Vol. 30
Nº 11-12
2014
págs. 1349 - 1354
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary measurements in young and apparently healthy individuals.
METHODS:
We evaluated 156 individuals (91 women and 65 men; ages 23.1 ± 3.5 y; body mass index 22 ± 2.9 kg/m(2)) for anthropometrics, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and some components of the antioxidant defense system, including the plasma TAC. Statistical analyses were performed to detect differences between individuals with TAC higher and lower than the mean value and to screen the associations between TAC and variables of interest. A linear regression model was fitted to identify TAC predictors.
RESULTS:
Daily caloric intake and macronutrient consumption were lower in individuals who exhibited the highest TAC values (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that daily calories and carbohydrate intake was a possible negative TAC predictor (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no difference in the values of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the individuals separated by means of TAC. In contrast, individuals whose plasma TAC values were above the mean showed higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, and selenium in nails (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
In physiological conditions, the caloric intake level seems to be an important factor to act in the modulation of plasma TAC, before establishing anthropometric impairments of body or metabolic composition, or both. Additionally, the plasma TAC increase may be able to act as a compensatory mechanism.
Autores: Schwartz Mota, Juana; Moreno Amatria, Esther; Fernández Rubio, Celia; et al.
Revista: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
ISSN 0928-0987
Vol. 62
2014
págs. 309 - 316
Topical therapy is the ideal outpatient treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) because of the ease of administration and lower cost. It could be suitable as monotherapy for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) or in combination with systemic therapies for more severe forms of the disease. Although paromomycin (PM) ointment can be recommended for the treatment of LCL caused by Leishmaniamajor, a more effective topical treatment should be achieved regarding the physicochemical properties of this aminoglucoside and its rather poor intrinsic antileishmanial activity, that hampers the accumulation of enough amount of drug in the dermis (where the infected macrophages home) to exert its activity. In this work, we determined a 50% effective dose of 5.6 ¿M for a novel compound, bis-4-aminophenyldiselenide, against L. major intracellular amastigotes. This compound and PM were formulated in chitosan hydrogels and ex vivo permeation and retention studies in the different skin layers were performed with pig ear skin in Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that less than 2¿4% of the diselenide drug penetrated and permeated through the skin. In contrast, the percentage of PM penetration was about 25¿60% without important retention in the skin. When topically applied to lesions of L. major infected BALB/c mice, the novel diselenide chitosan formulation was unable to slow lesion progression and reduce parasite burden. Considerations during the process of novel drug development and
Autores: Berasategi Zabalza, Izaskun; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Calvo Martínez, María Isabel; et al.
Revista: MEAT SCIENCE
ISSN 0309-1740
Vol. 96
Nº 3
2014
págs. 1185 - 1190
Reduced-energy and reduced-fat Bologna products enriched with ¿-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were formulated by replacing the pork back-fat by an oil-in-water emulsion containing a mixture of linseed-algae oil stabilized with a lyophilized Melissa officinalis extract. Healthier composition and lipid profile was obtained: 85 kcal/100 g, 3.6% fat, 0.6 g ALA and 0.44 g DHA per 100 g of product and ¿-6/¿-3 ratio of 0.4. Technological and sensory problems were not detected in the new formulations. Reformulation did not cause oxidation problems during 32 days of storage under refrigeration. The results suggest it is possible to obtain reduced-fat Bologna-type sausages rich in ALA and DHA and stabilized with natural antioxidants, applying the appropriate technology without significant effects on the sensory quality, yielding interesting products from a nutritional point of view.
Autores: Fernández Álvarez, José María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Durán Benito, Adrián; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ISSN 0301-4797
Vol. 140
2014
págs. 1 - 13
Polyphosphate-modified calcium aluminate cement matrices were prepared by using aqueous solutions polluted with toxic metals as mixing water to obtain waste-containing solid blocks with improved management and disposal. Synthetically contaminated waters containing either Pb or Cu or Zn were incorporated into phosphoaluminate cement mortars and the effects of the metal¿s presence on setting time and mechanical performance were assessed. Sorption and leaching tests were also executed and both retention and release patterns were investigated. For all three metals, high uptake capacities as well as percentages of retention larger than 99.9% were measured. Both Pb and Cu were seen to be largely compatible with this cementitious matrix, rendering the obtained blocks suitable for landfilling or for building purposes. However, Zn spoilt the compressive strength values because of its reaction with hydrogen phosphate anions, hindering the development of the binding matrix.
Autores: Poyato Aledo, María Candelaria; Ansorena Artieda, Diana María; Berasategi Zabalza, Izaskun; et al.
Revista: MEAT SCIENCE
ISSN 0309-1740
Vol. 98
Nº 4
2014
págs. 615 - 621
The optimization of a gelled oil-in-water emulsion was performed for use as fat replacer in the formulation of ¿-3 PUFA-enriched cooked meat products. The linseed oil content, carrageenan concentration and surfactant¿oil ratio were properly combined in a surface response design for maximizing the hardness and minimizing the syneresis of the PUFA delivery system. The optimal formulation resulted in a gelled emulsion containing 40% of oil and 1.5% of carrageenan, keeping a surfactant¿oil ratio of 0.003. The gel was applied as a partial fat replacer in a Bologna-type sausage and compared to the use of an O/W emulsion also enriched in ¿-3. Both experimental sausages contributed with higher ¿-3 PUFA content than the control. No sensory differences were found among formulations. The selected optimized gelled oil-in-water emulsion was demonstrated to be a suitable lipophilic delivery system for ¿-3 PUFA compounds and applicable in food formulations as fat replacer.
Autores: Llombart Blanco, Rafael; Alfonso Olmos-García, Matías; Villas Tomé, Carlos; et al.
Revista: EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL
ISSN 0940-6719
Vol. 23
Nº 1
2014
págs. 276 - 277
Autores: Álvarez Galindo, José Ignacio; Fernández Álvarez, José María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
ISSN 1044-5803
Vol. 80
2013
págs. 36-49
The addition of a pozzolanic nanosized material, nanosilica (NS), onto lime binding materials was carried out with the aim of assessing the microstructural modifications attained by its presence that were related to the mechanical behavior. Simultaneously, a comparative study between five different drying methods for water removal was reported, and their influence on the pore structure evaluation is discussed. Solvent-exchange with isopropanol and freeze-drying methods were shown to remove the excess of free water efficiently, allowing us to measure the gel pores (< 10 nm) of the calcium silicate hydrated (C-S-H) phases and yielding the largest surface area values. By using vacuum drying, oven drying at 60ºC or oven drying at 105ºC macro-, meso- and micropores could not be properly measured. On the other hand, the addition of NS dramatically altered the mesopore range. As a result of the intercalation of NS particles between lime particles, a drop in the population of large and medium capillary pores (in the range of 20-100 nm) was observed, leading to reduced overall porosity. The NS was clearly proven to act as nanofiller. Finally, this filling effect of NS together with the development of C-S-H gel, as a consequence of the pozzolanictype reaction proved by the increase of population in the micropore range, notably enhanced the compressive strength of the lime binding materials, yielding values more than twice those of the NS-free materials.
Autores: García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; Berasategi Zabalza, Izaskun; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ISSN 0022-5142
Vol. 93
Nº 4
2013
págs. 876-881
BACKGROUND: A combined technological approach was applied in the development of healthier dry fermented sausages: a partial substitution of the pork back fat by pre-emulsified linseed oil and a partial replacement of sodium chloride with calcium ascorbate at two different levels, leading to low amounts of salt (14gSalt and 10gSalt, with 14 g and 10 g NaCl per kg of mixture, respectively). RESULTS: The developed products (14gSalt and 10gSalt) showed adequate results for aw (0.85 and 0.87) and pH (4.98 and 5.21), and low lipid oxidation values (1.4 x 104 and 1.5 x 105 g malondialdehyde (MDA) kg1). The lipid modification led to a significantly higher supply of -3 (23.3 g kg1) compared to the control (3.2 g kg1). Simultaneously, reductions of 38% and 50% in sodium content and a calcium supply of 4 and 5.2 g kg1 were achieved in the 14gSalt and 10gSalt formulations, respectively, compared to the control products (26 g salt and 0.87 g kg1 Ca). Instrumental analysis of colour and texture and sensory studies demonstrated that the organoleptic quality of the new formulations was similar to that of traditional products. CONCLUSIONS: The developed dry fermented sausages showed healthier properties than traditional ones owing to their reduced sodium and higher calcium content and a significant supply of -3 fatty acids. (c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Autores: Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; Durán Benito, Adrián; et al.
Revista: CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
ISSN 0950-0618
Vol. 48
2013
págs. 218 - 228
The recycling of WFS in calcium aluminate cement mortars at high level of replacement (50%) was studied. Consistency and setting time were measured in fresh mortars. Two different curing conditions were used, the second one with the aim of enhancing the formation of stable cubic calcium aluminate hydrates. Compressive strength, pore size distribution and SEM examination were carried out to assess the effectiveness of CAC matrix in the recycling of WFS. The effect of the incorporation of a polymeric admixture - a chitosan derivative - was also explored. Leaching studies on hardened mortars of three target pollutants of the WFS (toxic metals Pb, Cr and Zn) were also done to evaluate their immobilization. By comparison with OPC mortars, the use of CAC showed several advantages, improving the compressive strength and the toxic metal retention.
Autores: Poyato, C.; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Calvo Martínez, María Isabel; et al.
Revista: FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
ISSN 0963-9969
Vol. 51
Nº 1
2013
págs. 132-140
The effect of storage temperature (65 degrees C, 48 h) on the oxidative stability of a food-grade water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion was studied by comparison with an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The emulsions were prepared with linseed oil or olive oil, and in each case, two antioxidants were evaluated, an aqueous Melissa lyophilized extract and BHA. Emulsions were characterized using bright field light microscopy and the oxidation was monitored by measuring the lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and trienes (CT), alpha-tocopherol and Lipophilic Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (L-ORACFL) Assay.
A great stability of olive oil emulsions was observed, without noticing differences between antioxidants or type of emulsion. This behavior was not observed in linseed oil emulsions. In this case the lipophilic antioxidant (BHA) seemed to be more efficient delaying the lipid oxidation in W/O/W emulsions than the water Melissa extract while the opposite occurs in the O/W emulsion. The type of antioxidant is a key factor in controlling oxidation in W/O/W and O/W emulsions which are prepared with highly polyunsaturated oils, but not in the case of highly monounsaturated ones.
Autores: Fernández Álvarez, José María; Durán Benito, Adrián; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
ISSN 0008-8846
Vol. 43
Nº 1
2013
págs. 12 - 24
The effect of individual and combined addition of both nanosilica (NS) and polycarboxylate-ether plasticizer (PCE) admixtures on aerial lime mortars was studied. The sole incorporation of NS increased the water demand, as proved by the mini-spread flow test. An interaction between NS and hydrated lime particles was observed in fresh mixtures by means of particle size distribution studies, zeta potential measurements and optical microscopy, giving rise to agglomerates. On the other hand, the addition of PCE to a lime mortar increased the flowability and accelerated the setting process. PCE was shown to act in lime media as a deflocculating agent, reducing the particle size of the agglomerates through a steric hindrance mechanism. Mechanical strengths were improved in the presence of either NS or PCE, the optimum being attained in the combined presence of both admixtures that involved relevant microstructural modifications, as proved by pore size distributions and SEM observations.
Autores: García-Padial Alonso, Marcos; Martínez Oharriz, María Cristina; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
ISSN 0021-8561
Vol. 61
Nº 50
2013
págs. 12260 - 122604
Tyrosol and caffeic acid are biophenols that contribute to the beneficial properties of virgin olive oil. The influence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP beta-CD) on their respective antioxidant capacities was analyzed. The ORAC antioxidant activity of tyrosol (expressed as mu M Trolox equivalents/mu M Tyrosol) was 0.83 +/- 0.03 and it increased up to 1.20 +/- 0.11 in the presence of 0.8 mM HP beta-CD. However, the ORAC antioxidant activity of caffeic acid experienced no change. The different effect of HP beta-CD on each compound was discussed. In addition, the effect of increasing concentrations of different cyclodextrins in the development of ORAC-fluorescence (ORAC-FL) assays was studied. The ORAC signal was higher for HP beta-CD, followed by M beta-CD, beta-CD, gamma-CD and finally alpha-CD. These results could be explained by the formation of inclusion complexes with fluorescein.
Autores: Hernández Martínez, Raquel; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo
Revista: FOOD CONTROL
ISSN 0956-7135
Vol. 30
Nº 2
2013
págs. 423 - 432
Due to the fact that infants and children are especially sensitive to mercury and arsenic exposure, predominantly through diet, a strict control of the most widely consumed infant foods, especially infant cereals, is of paramount importance. Levels of both total mercury and arsenic in 91 different infant cereals from ten different manufacturers in Spain were determined by flow injection adapted to cold vapor and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Cereals were assessed in terms of the different types, the predominating cereal in the formulation, the added ingredients, and whether the cereal was organically or conventionally obtained. In general, the content of toxic elements (median (Q(1); Q(3))) found in infant cereals based on conventionally obtained raw materials (n = 74, Hg: 2.11 (0.42; 4.58), As: 21.0 (9.4; 50.9) mu g Kg(-1)) was lower than in cereals produced by organic methods (n = 17, Hg: 5.48 (4.54; 7.64), As: 96.3 (87.5; 152.3) mu g Kg(-1)). Mercury content in infant cereals shows the higher values in those formulations with ingredients susceptible to particulate contamination such as gluten-free or cacao-based cereals. The highest arsenic content appears in the rice-based cereals. The mercury and the inorganic arsenic dietary intakes for infants fed on the infant cereals studied were assessed, taking into account the different stages of growth. Organic infant cereals based on cocoa showed the highest risk intakes of mercury, very close to exceeding the intake reference. Just the opposite, 95% of the organically produced infant cereals and 70% of the conventional gluten-free infant cereals showed an inadmissible risk of arsenic intake. Thus, it seems prudent to call for continued efforts in standardizing routine quality control and in reducing arsenic levels in infant cereals; in addition it is essential that relevant legislation be established and regulated by EC regarding these two toxic elements.
Autores: Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Durán Benito, Adrián; Sirera Bejarano, Rafael; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
ISSN 0304-3894
Vol. 260
2013
págs. 89-103
The ability of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) to encapsulate toxic metals (Pb, Zn and Cu) was assessed under two curing conditions. Changes in the consistency and in the setting time were found upon the addition of the nitrates of the target metals. Both Pb and Cu caused a delay in CAC hydration, while Zn accelerated the stiffening of the mortar. Compressive strengths of the metal-doped mortars, when initially cured at 60ºC / 100%RH, were comparable with that of the free-metal mortar. Three different pore size distribution patterns were identified and related to the compounds identified by XRD and SEM. Sorbent capacities of CAC for the toxic metals were excellent: a total uptake was achieved for up to 3 wt.% loading of the three metals. In this way, CAC mortars were perfectly able to encapsulate the toxic metals, allowing the use of CAC for waste management as proved by the leaching tests.
Autores: Hernández Martínez, Raquel; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo
Revista: FOOD CONTROL
ISSN 0956-7135
Vol. 26
Nº 1
2012
págs. 6 - 14
Lead and cadmium have become highly toxic metallic elements. There is an obvious toxicological impact of these elements on infants since their intestinal absorption is significantly higher than in adults, thus it is desirable to quantify lead and cadmium levels in commonly consumed infant foods. Zeeman background correction, transversely-heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, was used to determine both the lead and cadmium content of 91 Spanish infant cereals. Cereals were assessed in terms of different types, cereal predominant in formulation and whether it was obtained organically or conventionally. Preliminary analysis revealed a noticeably higher content of lead and cadmium (median, Q1-Q3) in organic cereals (n = 17, Pb: 26.07; 21.36-51.63; Cd: 18.52; 16.56-28.50 mu g kg(-1)) in relation to conventional ones (n = 74, Pb: 10.78; 6.43-19.33; Cd: 7.12; 4.40-11.77 mu g kg(-1)). Three formulations exceeded European lead maximum levels. Added ingredients (milk, cocoa, fruit and honey) to the cereal base provide lead enrichment. For cadmium, this pattern was observed by cereal based on cocoa, but also the raw materials contributed with a dilution phenomenon, decreasing the final cadmium concentration in infant cereal. Apart from several organically produced cereals, lead content showed a narrow variation, where gluten-free cereals provide lower cadmium content than formulations containing gluten. Dietary intakes of both elements were assessed in comparison with the reference intake values proposed by the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Organic infant cereals based on honey and cocoa supplied the highest risk intakes of lead and cadmium, respectively. In accordance with the actual state of knowledge on lead and cadmium toxicity and attending to the upper limits calculated from risk intake values set by EFSA, it seems prudent to call for a revision of both heavy metals content regulated by EC to set a maximum guideline values for infant cereal at 55 and 45 mu g kg(-1), respectively.
Autores: García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; Larequi Ardanáz, Eduardo; Berasategi Zabalza, Izaskun; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
ISSN 2159-5828
Vol. 2
Nº 1
2012
págs. 56 - 63
A pre-emulsified mixture of linseed and algae oils (15/10) and stabilized with 686 ppm of a lyophilized water extract of
Melissa officinalis, was successfully applied in dry fermented sausages to increase the ¿-3 PUFA content. The objective of this work
was to evaluate the stability of this modified formulation during the storage and to compare it to that of a traditional formulation.
Traditional and modified products were stored during 90 days at 4 ºC in aerobic conditions. Fatty acid profiles, TBARS and volatile
compounds derived from oxidation were analyzed at 0, 30 and 90 days of storage. The fatty acid profiles did not significantly change
along the storage period. The stabilizing effect of the natural antioxidants of M. officinalis could contribute to detect no losses of ¿-3
PUFA in Modified (30 days: 2.13 g/100 g of product, 90 days: 2.33 g/100 g of product), whereas in Control products a slightly
significant reduction was detected (30 days: 0.34 g/100 g of product, 90 days: 0.29 g/100 g of product). After 90 days, the increases
of TBARS and hexanal content were much higher in Control than in Modified (Control: 1.41 mg MDA/kg & 17,915 ng dodecane/kg
of dry matter; Modified: 0.48 mg MDA/kg & 2,496 ng dodecane/kg of dry matter). In conclusion, the lyophilized water extract of M.
officinalis protected high ¿-3 PUFA of dry fermented sausages from oxidation along the storage time, guaranteeing the nutritional
improvements achieved with the modified formulation.
Autores: Lasheras Zubiate, María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
ISSN 0304-3894
Vol. 233-234
2012
págs. 7 - 17
Cement mortars loaded with Cr, Pb and Zn were modified by polymeric admixtures [chitosans with low (LMWCH), medium (MMWCH) and high (HMWCH) molecular weight and hydroxypropylchitosan (HPCH)]. The influence of the simultaneous presence of the heavy metal and the polymeric additive on the fresh properties (consistency, water retention and setting time) and on the compressive strength of the mortars was assessed. Leaching patterns as well as properties of the cement mortars were related to the heavy metals-bearing solid phases. Chitosan admixtures lessened the effect of the addition of Cr and Pb on the setting time. In all instances, chitosans improved the compressive strength of the Zn-bearing mortars yielding values as high as 15 N mm¿2. A newly reported Zn phase, dietrichite (ZnAl2(SO4)4·22H2O) was identified under the presence of LMWCH: it was responsible for an improvement by 24% in Zn retention. Lead-bearing silicates, such as plumalsite (Pb4Al2(SiO3)7), were also identified by XRD confirming that Pb was mainly retained as a part of the silicate network after Ca ion exchange. Also, the presence of polymer induced the appearance and stabilization of some Pb(IV) species. Finally, diverse chromate species were identified and related to the larger leaching values of Cr(VI).
Autores: Zalba Oteiza, Sara; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández de Trocóniz Fernández, José Ignacio; et al.
Revista: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
ISSN 0939-6411
Vol. 81
Nº 2
2012
págs. 273-280
In this work, the Film Method (FM), Reverse-Phase Evaporation (REV), and the Heating Method (HM) were applied to prepare PEG-coated liposomes of oxaliplatin with natural neutral and cationic lipids, respectively. The formulations developed with the three methods, showed similar physicochemical characteristics, except in the loading of oxaliplatin, which was statistically lower (P < 0.05) using the HM. The incorporation of a semi-synthetic lipid in the formulation developed by FM, provided liposomes with a particle size of 115 nm associated with the lowest polydispersity index and the highest drug loading, 35%, compared with the other two lipids, suggesting aft increase in the membrane stability. That stability was also evaluated according to the presence of cholesterol, the impact of the temperature, and the application of different cryoprotectants during the lyophilization. The results indicated long-term stability of the developed formulation, because after its intravenous in vivo administration to HT-29 tumor bearing mice was able to induce an inhibition of tumor growth statistically higher (P < 0.05) than the inhibition caused by the free drug. In conclusion, the FM was the simplest method in comparison with REV and HM to develop in vivo stable and efficient PEG-coated liposomes of oxaliplatin with a loading higher than those reported for REV. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Autores: Lasheras Zubiate, María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITES
ISSN 0958-9465
Vol. 34
Nº 8
2012
págs. 964 - 973
The effect of two non-ionic chitosan derivatives (hydroxypropyl (HPCH) and hydroxyethyl (HECH) chitosans) and one ionic derivative (carboxymethylchitosan, CMCH) on the fresh-state properties of cement mortars was studied. Zeta potential measurements and particle size distribution were carried out in order to elucidate the action mechanism of the admixtures. Results were seen to be strongly dependent on substituents of the chitosan. Non-ionic derivatives had a weak dosage-related influence on the fresh-state properties. The ionic CMCH showed the more marked effect: it was found to act as a powerful thickener and to reduce the workable life of the fresh mixtures, whereas it caused a delay in the hydration of the cement particles. CMCH reduced the slump by 50% while commercial viscosity enhancers exhibiting larger molecular weights (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, HPMC, and hydroxypropyl guaran, HPG) only reduced it by ca. 25%. The negative values of zeta-potential and the strong flocculating effect point to an adsorption of CMCH onto the positively charged cement particles. Optical microscopy and TEM observations showed the polymer giving rise to interlinking between cement particles.
Autores: Barbosa, KB; Volp, AC; Miranda Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana; et al.
Revista: LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
ISSN 1476-511X
Vol. 10
Nº 1
2011
págs. 61
Autores: Toledo Atucha, Estefanía; López del Burgo, Cristina; Ruiz Zambrana, Álvaro; et al.
Revista: FERTILITY AND STERILITY
ISSN 0015-0282
Vol. 96
Nº 5
2011
págs. 1149 - 1153
Autores: Berasategi Zabalza, Izaskun; Legarra Unciti, Sheila; García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; et al.
Revista: Meat Science
ISSN 0309-1740
Vol. 88
Nº 4
2011
págs. 705 - 711
Autores: Encalada, M.A.; Hoyos, K.M.; Rehecho Pérez, Sheyla; et al.
Revista: Plant foods for human nutrition
ISSN 0921-9668
Vol. 66
Nº 4
2011
págs. 328 - 334
Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is consumed as a traditional herbal tea in the Mediterranean region. The cytotoxic effect of the 50% ethanolic and aqueous extract, determined by the MTT and NR assays, was evaluated in vitro on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT-116), using Triton 10% as positive control. The 50% ethanolic extract showed significant differences after 72 h of treatment, reducing cell proliferation to values close to 40%, even the lowest dose tested (5 mu g/ml). In the MTT assay, the same extract caused the lowest cell viability with 13% at a concentration of 1,000 mu g/ml after 72 h of treatment, being a value lower than Triton 10%. The antioxidant activity was also confirmed evaluating the capacity of the extracts to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals, and IC(50) values were highly correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content. Bioassay guided fractionation led to the isolation of an anti-proliferative compound, rosmarinic acid. Its structural elucidation was performed by HPLC/DAD/ESI/MS analysis. High dose of rosmarinic acid (1,000 mu g/ml) was clearly cytotoxic against HCT-116 cells, with a significant decrease in cell number since the earliest time point (24 h).
Autores: Lasheras Zubiate, María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Fernández Álvarez, José María; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
ISSN 0021-8995
Vol. 120
Nº 1
2011
págs. 242 - 252
Autores: Rehecho Pérez, Sheyla; Hidalgo, O.; García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; et al.
Revista: LWT- Food Science and Tecnology
ISSN 0023-6438
Vol. 44
Nº 4
2011
págs. 875 - 882
Autores: Lasheras Zubiate, María; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Álvarez Galindo, José Ignacio; et al.
Revista: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
ISSN 0304-3894
Vol. 194
2011
págs. 223 - 231
Autores: Alfonso Olmos-García, Matías; Silva González, Álvaro Antonio; Llombart Blanco, Rafael; et al.
Revista: European Spine Journal
ISSN 0940-6719
Vol. 20
Nº 11
2011
págs. 2094 - 2095
To evaluate and compare the histological changes in spinal cord and nerve root structures and perivertebral tissues induced by contact with acrylic bone cement containing cisplatin, injected by vertebroplasty in pigs.
Autores: García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; Rehecho Pérez, Sheyla; Calvo Martínez, María Isabel; et al.
Revista: Meat Science
ISSN 0309-1740
Vol. 85
Nº 2
2010
págs. 373 - 377
Autores: García Íñiguez de Ciriano, Mikel; Larequi Ardanáz, Eduardo; Rehecho Pérez, Sheyla; et al.
Revista: Meat Science
ISSN 0309-1740
Vol. 85
Nº 2
2010
págs. 274 - 279
Autores: Gómez Arranz, Ester; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo
Revista: FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE
ISSN 1939-3210
Vol. 3
Nº 3
2010
págs. 193 - 199
The incidence of aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) in 69 different infant formulae marketed in Spain between 2007 and 2008 was studied and dietary intake estimated. Samples were analysed using an HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. The toxin was detected in 26 formulae (37.7%) at levels below the permissible limit set by EC legislation, giving a range of 0.6-11.6 ng kg(-1) with a mean value of 3.1 ng kg(-1). Increasing occurrence was found in those formulae produced by the less complex manufacturing processes affecting casein/whey protein ratio: pre-term, 14.3%; starter, 35.3%; follow-up, 42.1%; toddler 87.6%; while hypoallergenic and lactose-free were totally exempt. Additionally, the influence of main protein source and physical state (powdered and ready-to-use formula) on AFM(1) occurrence was evaluated leading to similar conclusions. Dietary AFM1 weekly intake was observed to be stable around 1 ng kg(-1) bw for standard formula and 0.1 ng kg(-1) bw for pre-term feeding.
Autores: Puchau de Lecea, María Blanca; Zulet Alzórriz, María de los Ángeles; Miranda Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana; et al.
Revista: BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
ISSN 0163-4984
Vol. 133
Nº 3
2010
págs. 304 - 312
Autores: Moreno Luqui, Daniel; Zalba Oteiza, Sara; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; et al.
Revista: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
ISSN 0939-6411
Vol. 74
Nº 2
2010
págs. 265 - 274
Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporating cisplatin have been developed to evaluate its in vivo efficacy in tumor-bearing mice.
In vitro Study proved two mechanisms of action for cisplatin depending on the dose and the rate at which this dose is delivered. In vivo study, 5 mg/kg of cisplatin nanoparticles administered to mice, exhibited a tumour inhibition similar to free cisplatin, although the area under cisplatin concentration-time Curve between 0 and 21 days (AUC(0-21)) had lower Value for the formulation than for drug solution (P < 0.05). This result was associated with a higher activation of apoptosis in tumor, mediated by caspase-3, after nanoparticles administration. Toxicity measured as the change in body weight, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) plasma levels showed that cisplatin nanoparticles treatment did not induce significant changes in both parameters compared to control, while for free drug, a statistical (P < 0.01) increase was observed. In addition, a good correlation was found between time profiles of tumor volume and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasma levels, suggesting that its expression could help to follow the efficacy of the treatment. Therefore, the PLGA nanoparticles seem to provide a promising carrier for cisplatin administration avoiding its side effects without a reduction of the efficacy, which was consistent with a higher activation of apoptosis than free drug.
Autores: Zalba Oteiza, Sara; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo; Moreno Luqui, Daniel; et al.
Revista: Microchemical Journal
ISSN 0026-265X
Vol. 96
Nº 2
2010
págs. 415 - 421
Autores: Hernández Martínez, Raquel; Navarro Blasco, Íñigo
Revista: FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE
ISSN 1939-3210
Vol. 3
Nº 4
2010
págs. 275 - 288
Aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) are immunosuppressant, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic agents with a widespread presence in foodstuffs. Since human exposure to aflatoxins occurs primarily by contaminated food intake, and given the greater susceptibility of infants to their adverse effects, the quantification of these mycotoxins in infant food based on cereals is of relevance. Aflatoxin levels were determined in 91 Spanish infant cereals classified in terms of non- and organically produced and several types from 10 different manufacturers, using a extraction procedure followed by inmunoaffinity column clean-up step and HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD) and post-column derivatisation (Kobra Cell system). Daily aflatoxin intake was also assessed. Preliminary analysis showed a valuable incidence of detected infant cereal samples at an upper concentration level than the detection limit for total aflatoxin (66%), corresponding to a 46, 40, 34 and 11% for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, respectively. Lower aflatoxin values (median, Q1, Q3) in conventional infant cereal (n = 74, AFB1: LOD (n.d.; 0.02), AFB2: n.d. (n.d.; 0.01), AFG1: LOD (n.d.; 0.004), and AFG2: n.d. (n.d.; LOD) and total AF (AFtotal): 0.01 (LOD; 0.04 mu g kg-1) in comparison with infant cereal ecologically produced (n = 17, AFB1: 0.02 (0.02; 0.21), AFB2: n.d. (n.d.; 0.03), AFG1: 0.02 (0.01; 0.05), and AFG2: 0.007 (n.d.; 0.02) and AFtotal: 0.05 (0.03; 0.31 mu g kg-1) were found. In addition, five organic formulations (3.11, 1.98, 0.94, 0.47 and 0.21 mu g kg-1) exceeded European AFB1 legislation (0.10 mu g kg-1) versus two conventional cereals (0.35 and 0.12 mu g kg-1). According to the type of infant cereal, those with cocoa had the highest aflatoxin levels. Gluten-free and cereals with dehydrated fruits had an intermediate level and milk- or honey-based cereals and multi-cereals contained the lowest levels. With the exception of the non-compliant cocoa-based organic formulation, none of the infant cereals analyzed gave a higher intake of 1 ng kg-1 body weight per day, suggesting that infants fed on infant cereals are exposed to a low health hazard. Nevertheless, manufacturers are advised for continued efforts in routine monitoring and a more careful selection of raw material to minimize aflatoxin levels in these infant foods.