This study presents the use of pronominal and nominal address forms in love letters written by women between 1624 and 1787. Being Sociocultural Pragmatics -Theory of (Dis)courtesy- and Historical Sociolinguistics the framework employed, the women writers' and their addressees' characteristics as well as the circumstances char surround the missives' delivery are analyzed in detail with the aim of determining in which way and in which order the usually considered power dimensions, solidarity and status work-if they do so- in the selection of the forms of address. Furthermore, in this analysis the love epistles' normative uses according to the manuals of politeness in the period are contrasted with the uses observed in the women writers of the texts examined. In addition, when it is possible, these uses are counterposed to their addressees' love letters with the purpose of ascertaining the significance of the discursive tradition and the gender factor regarding the use of the address forms. The results of this study are presented in two sections: in the first one, the love relationship existing between the interlocutors is shown as a decisive factor -above power, status or the individual and social features of the female writers- in the respectful uses or the addresses as tii selection; in the second section, our female writers' conscious management of the strategic value in the address forms and other epistolary formulas of politeness is identified according to the knowledge of a code of conduct. © 2022 Vervuert Verlag. All rights reserved.

Este artículo se centra en los problemas que plantea el estudio histórico de las variedades del español en las zonas bilingües de la península ibérica, un aspecto que tiende a obviarse en la bibliografía especializada. Para ello se presenta un estado de la cuestión de la diacronía del español de tres zonas -Galicia, Navarra y Mallorca- en donde se ha venido dando el contacto con gallego, vasco y catalán, respectivamente. Para cada una de estas zonas se refiere el contexto sociohistórico del contacto, los principales estudios disponibles y los proyectos de corpus documentales, incipientes o ya en proceso. El amplio número de fenómenos de interés teórico que se da en estas variedades justifica la necesidad de continuar desarrollando materiales para su estudio; en este sentido se apuntan algunas propuestas de futuro que permitirán avanzar en estas líneas de trabajo.

This article presents the history of the words parir, dar a luz and alumbrar as synonyms for the meaning 'parir' and abortar, malparir or mal parir and mover as terms to designate the action 'malparir'. The lexicographic history is revised in each of the cases taking into account both bilingual and monolingual dictionaries. Furthermore, the use of these words is analyzed in the texts, considering the chronology and the discursive tradition. The result of this study reveals the uniqueness of Spanish in comparison to other geographically close languages since Spanish employs the same lexia for people and animals. This is the main reason for the progressive rejection of the words parir and abortar which will be respectively replaced by dar a luz, alumbrar, malparir and mover. In addition to this, it is observed in the latter case -that of 'malparir'-a circular process that the term abortar -initially rejected- has nowadays recovered as a clear reflection of the social change experienced in this respect.

This article analyzes the linguistic behavior of women as an agent of verbal violence through the contrast between the requirement of laws and treaties, on the one hand, and everyday use of language, on the other hand. In a first part, legal sanctions are reviewed as a reflection of a social reality. In addition, the courtesy ideal is compared to the warning of moralists about the propensity of females to commit sins of language. In the second part, the analysis of communicative interchanges of insults among women enables to affirm the rupture of the most common topics related to feminine language. Furthermore, this study provides a characterization of feminine uses of language compared to the masculine ones on the basis of the types of response to the linguistic injury specific to each gender. Keywords

This article analyzes the representativity of the variable gender in the use of the insult in 16th and 17th centuries¿ lawsuits for libel. Firstly, enunciation conditions of greatest social impact are set out according to the cultural context of the time. Secondly, taking into account the senders¿ age and social level, both male and female uses of language are observed regarding the lexical codification as well as the frequency, strength, variety of the voices employed and the preferred interlocutor in these communicative interchanges. By clustering men and women in the use of verbal aggression, this work concludes the levelling function this linguistic act exerts on the examined time point. In addition, verbal aggression is carried out with terms and expressions of identical lexical and semantic strength. Nevertheless, gender distinguishes both the frequency of the insults and their variety of codification, which are bigger in men. Furthermore, it determines the preference of the addressee, whose gender decides lexical and semantic uses clearly distinguished

This paper aims at presenting the Project of Corpus Linguistics in Spanish developed by the research group TesUN of the Universidad de Navarra, which also is a part of the Red CHARTA. The corpus consists of personal ancient documents which date back to 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. These texts were preserved in private archives at private homes in Navarra (Spain). The established corpus is characterized by the heterogeneity of its textual typology, which ranges from notarial documents -copies, testaments, marriage contracts- to private writing -letters, receipts, bills or obituaries-, or, in the case of the former parsonages, sermons and biblical exegesis, as well as letters. Therefore, this corpus opens a wide range of study to paleographers, historians -in particular to those interested in the history of private life and the history of mentalities-, linguists or ethnographers and ethnologists

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has now become a feature of education in Europe from primary school to university level. CLIL programmes are intended to integrate language and content learning in a process of mutual enrichment. Yet there is little consensus as to how this is to be achieved, or how the outcomes of such programmes should be measured. It is evident that a further type of integration is required: that of bringing the practice of CLIL into closer contact with the theory. In this, it is necessary to establish the role played by other fundamental aspects of the learning process, including learner and teacher perspectives, learning strategies, task design and general pedagogical approaches. The first part of this book provides a variety of theoretical approaches to the question of what integration means in CLIL, addressing key skills and competences that are taught and learned in CLIL classrooms, and exploring the role of content and language teachers in achieving an integrated syllabus. The second part takes specific cases and experimental studies conducted at different educational levels and analyses them in the light of theoretical considerations

'La comunicación académica y profesional' representa una contribución a la mejora de la competencia comunicativa oral y escrita de profesionales y estudiantes universitarios de diferentes ámbitos. Se presentan orientaciones comunes y útiles para un público que necesita desenvolverse en determinadas situaciones comunicativas propias del mundo académico y laboral, ya sea en la redacción de informes, investigaciones o reglamentos de gestión, entre otros, como en la expresión oral en el marco de reuniones, presentaciones o entrevistas. El libro persigue, pues, ayudar al lector, desde una doble perspectiva teórica y práctica, en la construcción de textos que, además de ser correctos, se ajusten al registro apropiado, así como a las convenciones de los principales géneros a los que ha de enfrentarse en el mundo académico y profesional