Nuestros investigadores

Objective: To explore the educational methods used in the cancer training of undergraduate students in health sciences. Design: Integrative review with a systematic methodology was performed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the variety of educational methods used in cancer training. Data sources: A search was performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases for the period 2008¿2020. Review methods: The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to assess the quality of included studies. Three reviewers extracted data and did quality appraisal. Results: A total of 40 articles referring to cancer training in medicine and nursing were included in the review; no articles referring to other health disciplines were found. The main educational methods used were expository methods, case studies, exercises and problems, problem-based learning, learning contracts and project-oriented learning. Conclusion: This review shows the need to combine educational methods so that health sciences students acquire competency (knowledge, skill, attitude) for comprehensive cancer care. There is a gap in the training of un-dergraduate nursing students to provide person/family centered care in oncology. To improve the training and professional practice of future health professionals, interprofessional education and the involvement of people with cancer in simulation education are recommended.

Background Neurologists play an essential role in facilitating the patient's process of living with Parkinson's disease (PD). The Living with Chronic Illness Scale-PD (LW-CI-PD) is a unique available clinical tool that evaluates how the patient is living with PD. The objective of the study was to analyse the LW-CI-PD properties according to the Rasch model. Methods An open, international, cross-sectional study was carried out in 324 patients with Parkinson's disease from four Latin American countries and Spain. Psychometric properties of the LW-CI-PD were tested using Rasch analysis: fit to the Rasch model, item local independency, unidimensionality, reliability, and differential item functioning by age and gender. Results Original LW-CI-PD do not fit Rasch model. Modifications emerged included simplifying the response scale and deleting misfit items, the dimensions Acceptance, Coping and Integration showed a satisfactory fit to the Rasch model, with reliability indices greater than 0.70. The dimensions Self-management and Adjustment to the disease did not reach fit to the Rasch model. Conclusion Suggestions for improving the LW-CI-PD include a multidimensional and shorter scale with 12 items grouped in three subscales with a simpler response scheme. The final LW-CI-PD Scale version is a reliable scale, with good internal construct validity, that provides Rasch transformed results on linear metric scale.

Aims and objectives To identify the personal- and disease-related factors that are associated with living with Parkinson's disease. Background Living with Parkinson's disease affects the physical, psychological, social and spiritual areas of the person. Health professionals need to know which factors influence the daily living with Parkinson's disease, in order to facilitate a positive living. Design A multicentre cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 324 patients with Parkinson's disease diagnoses were included in the study through a consecutive case sampling. Data were collected from January-June 2015, in specialised units of movement disorders of public and private and community centres, from Spain, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador and Cuba. Nine measures were applied to evaluate personal-related factors (age, gender, psychosocial function, satisfaction with life, social support, home economical situation) and Parkinson's disease-related factors (duration of disease, motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms). The STROBE checklist was used to ensure quality reporting during the study (see File S1). Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. Results Results indicated that social support, followed by satisfaction with life and home economical situation are the only three factors that significantly influence in living with Parkinson's disease. The rest of the factors analysed did not present significant influence in the daily living with this neurodegenerative disease. Conclusion This study highlights the necessity to put more emphasis on the person and his/her daily living with the condition and less on symptoms and treatment. Health professionals need to develop person-centred interventions that also deal with other elements of the experience of living with a long-term condition like Parkinson's disease. Relevance to clinical practice Interventions to foster positive living with Parkinson's disease in clinical practice should integrate strategies to tackle and prevent loneliness and interagency elements to increase community resources and systems of support.

Aim To report the cross-cultural adaptation and pilot study of the ongoing validation of the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale with carers of people with Parkinson's disease. Design Cross-cultural adaptation and pilot study with a cross-sectional validation design of the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale - Carers. Methods Twenty-one carers of people with Parkinson's disease from a Primary Care practice in Spain were recruited and completed the PAIS-Carers, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Brief COPE Inventory and an assessment form. SPSS 23.0 was used to determine viability/acceptability and preliminary aspects of internal consistency of the instrument. Results Five of the seven domains presented floor effect (71.42%), and only one presented ceiling effect (14.28%). The internal consistency of the scale and domains showed acceptable values (over 0.7). The content validity of the Spanish version seemed satisfactory with positive comments in general from participants.

Parkinson's disease progressively limits patients at different levels and as a result family members play a key role in their care. However, studies show lack of an integrative approach in Primary Care to respond to the difficulties and psychosocial changes experienced by them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary psychoeducational intervention focusing on improving coping skills, the psychosocial adjustment to Parkinson's disease and the quality of life in patients and family carers in a Primary Care setting. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with control group and mixed methods was designed to evaluate a multidisciplinary psychoeducational intervention. Based on the study power calculations, 100 people with Parkinson's disease and 100 family carers will be recruited and assigned to two groups. The intervention group will receive the ReNACE psychoeducational intervention. The control group will be given a general educational programme. The study will be carried out in six community-based health centres. The results obtained from the two groups will be collected for evaluation at three time points: at baseline, immediately after the intervention and at 6 months post-intervention. The results will be measured with these instruments: the Quality of Life Scale PDQ-39 for patients and the Scale of Quality of Life of Care-givers SQLC for family carers, and for all participants the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness scale and the Brief COPE Inventory. Focus groups will be organised with some patients and family carers who will have received the ReNACE psychoeducational intervention and also with the healthcare professionals involved in its development. Discussion: An important gap exists in the knowledge and application of interventions with a psychosocial approach for people with PD and family carers as a whole. This study will promote this comprehensive approach in Primary Care, which will clearly contribute in the existing knowledge and could reduce the burden of PD for patients and family carers, and also in other long-term conditions.

Understanding how a person lives with a chronic illness, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), is necessary to provide individualized care and professionals role in person-centered care at clinical and community levels is paramount. The present study was aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Living with Chronic Illness-PD Scale (EC-PC) in a wide Spanish-speaking population with PD. International cross-sectional study with retest was carried out with 324 patients from four Latin American countries and Spain. Feasibility, acceptability, scaling assumptions, reliability, precision, and construct validity were tested. The study included 324 patients, with age (mean +/- s.d.) 66.67 +/- 10.68 years. None of the EC-PC items had missing values and all acceptability parameters fulfilled the standard criteria. Around two-third of the items (61.54%) met scaling assumptions standards. Concerning internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha values were 0.68-0.88; item-total correlation was 40.30, except for two items; item homogeneity index was 40.30, and inter-item correlation values 0.14-0.76. Intraclass correlation coefficient for EC-PC stability was 0.76 and standard error of measurement (s.e.m.) for precision was 8.60 (for a EC-PC s.d. = 18.57). EC-PC presented strong correlation with social support (r(S) = 0.61) and moderate correlation with life satisfaction (r(S) = 0.46). Weak and negligible correlations were found with the other scales.

Findings generated from this concept analysis can raise awareness of Living with chronic illness so that this process could be assessed in a correct and uniform way in the clinical community and improved when needed.

Parkinson¿s disease (PD) is a long-term condition that affects patients¿ and carers¿ quality of life. It is important to develop and implement new approaches that bring together health and psychosocial care for people living with chronic illnesses such as PD. The authors emphasise the role of primary care nurses in supporting patients and their informal carers, and outline how practitioners can focus care on patients¿ psychosocial as well as physical needs. The article includes a literature review of the process of living with PD and discusses the development and implementation of interventions based on assessments tailored to the individual needs of patients and their carers.

Fundamento. La incidencia de errores de administración de medicación (EAM) es alta y costosa para pacientes e instituciones sanitarias. En su ocurrencia intervienen factores humanos y del entorno de trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores del entorno de trabajo que se relacionan con la ocurrencia de EAMs en el ámbito hospitalario. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Se incluyeron 8 artículos tras revisar las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL y COCHRANE LIBRARY, durante el periodo 2002-2012. Resultados. Las distracciones e interrupciones, la sobrecarga de trabajo, el diseño de las unidades y las características del material han sido destacados entre los factores del entorno de trabajo que intervienen en la ocurrencia de errores de administración de medicación. Conclusiones. La creación de artefactos organizacionales para reducir las interrupciones; la implicación del paciente en la administración de medicación; la introducción de nuevas tecnologías y la mejora del etiquetado de los medicamentos puede ayudar a reducir la incidencia de errores de administración de medicación. Para avanzar en la identificación y gestión de factores precursores de errores de administración de medicación se recomienda la realización de estudios de cohortes prospectivas o revisiones.