Revistas
Autores:
Fiasconaro, M. L. (Autor de correspondencia); Abrile, M. G.; Hintermeister, L.; et al.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECYCLING OF ORGANIC WASTE IN AGRICULTURE
ISSN:
2195-3228
Año:
2022
Vol.:
11
N°:
4
Págs.:
411 - 426
Purpose The decreasing number of peatlands has driven the search for new cultivation substrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different composts as growing media in the production of vegetable seedlings (pepper and tomato).
Method Composts were produced from: discarded carrots (ZC), fats (FC), and biosolids (BC) from the dairy industry. They were used as peat substitutes in different doses depending on the germinating species: control (CS-commercial substrate) and three growing media prepared with perlite: 25, 35, and 45% of ZC, FC, and BC for pepper seedlings and 40, 55 and 70% of ZC, FC, and BC for tomato seedlings. When the plants were ready for transplantation they were harvested and the data were collected to assess the development of the seedlings in the different growth media.
Results The obtained results suggest the possibility of total substitution of the CS by ZC, FC, and BC to produce pepper and tomato plants in commercial nurseries. The plants cultivated with composts presented higher concentrations of total dry matter compared to the controls. Photosynthetic pigments were affected by the presence of FC and BC, whereas TSP concentration was favored by BC.
Conclusion Ours results suggest that it is feasible to perform a total substitution of commercial substrates with composts of different origins and compositions for the production of pepper and tomato plants in commercial nurseries.
Revista:
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
ISSN:
0031-9317
Año:
2022
Vol.:
174
N°:
4
Págs.:
e13741
The implications of grape berry transpiration for the ripening process and final grape composition were studied. An experiment was conducted, under controlled conditions, with fruit-bearing cuttings of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo. Three doses of the anti-transpirant di-1-p-menthene were applied directly to the bunch at the onset of veraison: 1%, 5% and 10% (v/v) (D1, D5 and D10, respectively). A treatment with bunches sprayed with water (D0) was also included as a control. Grape and bunch transpiration, and total soluble solids (TSS) accumulation rate decreased as the dose of anti-transpirant increased, thus resulting in the lengthening of the ripening period. Bunch transpiration rates were linearly correlated with the elapsed time between veraison and maturity, and with the TSS accumulation rate. The evolution of pH, malic acid and total skin anthocyanins during ripening did not show remarkable changes as a consequence of the artificially reduced bunch transpiration. However, a decoupling between TSS and anthocyanins was observed. At maturity, the bunches treated with D10 had significantly lower must acidity and higher pH and extractable anthocyanin levels, these differences being likely associated with the lengthening of the ripening period.
Revista:
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
ISSN:
0168-1699
Año:
2022
Vol.:
196
Págs.:
106890
Grape berry transpiration is considered an important process during maturation, but scientific evidence is scarce. In the literature, there is only one report showing reduced maturation when bunch transpiration is artificially slowed down. Traditionally, grape berry transpiration has been measured by weighing grape berries on scale for a given time, correctly assuming that the weight reduction is due to water lost. Commercially available instruments adequate to measure gas exchange in small fruits are not suitable for whole grape berry bunch.
Here, we present an open differential chamber system that can be used with isolated grape berries or alternatively with a whole grape berry bunch for measuring grape berry/bunch transpiration based on the use of relative humidity sensors from Vaisala.
When used with isolated grape berries, open differential chamber system validation was made by using Tempranillo grape berries collected at different phenological stages. For the whole bunch transpiration prototype, two different validations were made. Firstly, measurements were made inserting inside the chamber an increasing number of Eppendorf tubes filled with water. Secondly, transpiration was measured in whole Tempranillo bunches sampled at different phenological stages. An important output of this work is that the fact of detaching the bunch from the plant did not change the bunch gas exchange rates at least for several hours.
For validations, transpiration values obtained with our prototype were compared with water losses inferred from grape berry weighing on scale for a given time, obtaining highly significant correlations. We tested the system applying to the bunch an anti-transpirant, confirming that the anti-transpirant application reduced bunch transpiration and delayed maturity.
Revista:
PLANTS
ISSN:
2223-7747
Año:
2022
Vol.:
11
N°:
21
Págs.:
2929
Background: Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the response of four ancient grapevine varieties to high temperatures under different water availabilities, focusing on plant water relations, grape technological and phenolic maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of the must. Methods: The study was conducted on fruit-bearing cuttings grown in pots in temperature-gradient greenhouses. A two-factorial design was established where two temperature regimes, ambient and elevated (ambient + 4 °C), were combined with two water regimes, full irrigation and post-veraison deficit irrigation, during fruit ripening. Results: There were significant differences among the ancient varieties regarding plant water relations and fruit quality. Conclusion: This research underlines the importance of evaluating the behavior of ancient grapevine varieties that could offer good options for the adaptation of viticulture to future climate conditions
Revista:
PLANTS
ISSN:
2223-7747
Año:
2021
Vol.:
10
N°:
6
Págs.:
1198
The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The objectives of our study were (1) to evaluate the nutritional properties of the leaves of three local Spanish grapevines (Tinto Velasco, TV, Pasera, PAS, and Ambrosina, AMB) when grown under climate change conditions, and (2) to test the potentiality of these grapevines as suitable candidates to be cultivated under climate change scenarios based on the quality of their must. Experimental assays were performed with fruit¿bearing cuttings grown in temperature gradient greenhouses that simulate rising CO2 (700 ¿moL moL¿1) and warming (ambient temperature +4 °C), either acting alone or in combination. TV and AMB were the most and the least affected by air temperature and CO2 concentration, respectively. The interaction of elevated CO2 with high temperature induced the accumulation of proteins and phenolic compounds in leaves of TV, thus enhancing their nutritional properties. In PAS, the negative effect of high temperature on protein contents was compensated for by elevated CO2. Warming was the most threatening scenario for maintaining the must quality in the three varieties, but elevated CO2 exerted a beneficial effect when acting alone and compensated for the negative effects of high ...
Autores:
Abrile, M. G. (Autor de correspondencia); Fiasconaro, M. L.; Gervasio, S.; et al.
Revista:
DIEGESIS (WUPPERTAL)
ISSN:
2195-2116
Año:
2021
Vol.:
10
N°:
1
Págs.:
63 - 75
Purpose Reuse of landfill leachate is an effective alternative for their nutrients to mitigate decrease in freshwater. On the other hand, the growth of vegetation in the final disposal areas provides many benefits such as improving the visual impact, controlling of hydric erosion, etc. The purpose of this work was to evaluate landfill leachate as irrigation water and source of nutrients for growth of Tagetes erecta L., an ornamental plant with phytoremediation capacities. Method Vegetal growth, physiological responses and mineral elements uptake of the ornamental plant Tagetes erecta L. were studied with different levels of landfill leachate irrigation. The landfill leachate was provided by the municipal waste treatment. Experimental period covered 34 days of daily watering between the beginning and end of the flowering stage. Three different irrigation treatments were used: T1: 10% leachate; T2: 25% leachate; T3: 50% leachate. Hoagland¿s solution served as the control treatment. Results The irrigation treatment with a dose of 50% leachate causes a clear deterioration in the plant and its flowers. In lower doses, the plant responds favorably to both the production of flowers and the main features of them. Also, the water-use efficiency (WUE) is diminished in those plants irrigated with the major dose of leachate. Conclusion Maintaining controlled doses, landfill leachates can be used as an alternative source of water and nutrients. Irrigation with leachates of these ...
Revista:
PLANTS
ISSN:
2223-7747
Año:
2021
Vol.:
10
N°:
1
Págs.:
71
Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.
Revista:
AGRONOMY
ISSN:
2073-4395
Año:
2020
Vol.:
10
N°:
4
Págs.:
473
The exploitation of genetic diversity within agricultural plants, including grapevine, is suggested as a valuable tool to cope with the negative impacts of climate change on yield and crop quality. In some winegrowing regions of Europe, there is a renewed interest in knowing the grapevine genetic resources available, focusing on the prospection, recovery, and study of ancient cultivars typical of every zone. Grapevines are naturally associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide some benefits to the host plant, although such effects depending on many factors, including variety. Therefore, the aim of this research was to characterize the potential fruit quality of eight old grapevine varieties recovered in Navarre (northeastern of the Iberian Peninsula), associated or not with AMF. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings grown under controlled conditions (greenhouse). Overall, AMF inoculation reduced bunch and berry mass, as well as phenolic content in fruits. In some varieties, AMF association improved some berry traits by increasing the concentrations of soluble solids and anthocyanins; in others, berry colour, total phenolic and anthocyanin content were diminished in AMF-inoculated plants. The results, therefore, suggest that intraspecific diversity of old grapevines could include different abilities to respond to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Revista:
PLANTS
ISSN:
2223-7747
Año:
2019
Vol.:
8
N°:
10
Págs.:
400
(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.
Revista:
ARCHIV FUER ACKER- UND PFLANZENBAU UND BODENKUNDE
ISSN:
0365-0340
Año:
2019
Vol.:
65
N°:
10
Págs.:
1341-1353
Grapevine leaves are widely discarded in open fields despite their known antioxidant properties. We tested the cytotoxicity of leaf extracts from three clones (CL-260, CL-1048, CL-8) of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo against four human cancer cell lines: colon, HT-29; breast, MCF-7; lung HTB-54; and lymphoblastic leukemia, CCRF-CEM. Grapevines were cultivated at either ambient (24/14 degrees C) or elevated (28/18 degrees C) day/night temperatures, and inoculated (+M) or not (-M) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cytotoxicity was analysed by MTT assays. Elevated air temperatures enhanced the cytotoxicity of leaf extracts from CL-260 against HT-29, CCRF-CEM and HTB-54 and that from CL-8 against MCF-7. Mycorrhization improved the cytotoxicity of leaf extracts from CL-1048 against HT-29, CCRF-CEM, HTB-54 and MCF-7. The cytotoxic activities of CL-260 against HTB-54 and CL-1048 against HT-29 were correlated, respectively, with total phenols and total antioxidant capacity. We conclude that the predicted increase in air temperature for the future climate and the mycorrhizal association of grapevines may enhance the cytotoxicity of leaves, which strengthens the potential application of these agricultural residuals for biomedicine. However, the clonal diversity in the response to AMF and air temperature highlights the importance of choosing the most adequate clone for a concrete environmental scenario.
Revista:
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
ISSN:
0304-4238
Año:
2019
Vol.:
249
Págs.:
280 - 288
Water availability is the most critical factor to growth and development of plants, which limits the productive potential of plants. Plants adapt to water deficits by physiological alterations, biochemical changes and osmotic adjustments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of soil amendment of a K-rich carrot compost on pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Paco) physiology and fruit quality under drought. Furthermore, an attempted to determine the influence of these combined factors on yield and quality pepper fruits. Carrot compost (ZC) was obtained by aerobic composting from carrot wastes from packing plants and not presented phytotoxic substances that prevented germination and grown of pepper seedlings. When the vegetative stage corresponding to start of flowering was reached, half of the plants were subjected to drought conditions (moderate water stress). Results showed that the concentration of minerals, free proline, total phenols and main carotenoids (ß-carotene and lycopene) in pepper fruits were significantly modified by water level and/or substrate type. Under drought, plants grown in a mixture of 35% ZC and 65% soil (ZC35) increased concentrations of minerals (mainly K) and phenols but decreased ß-carotene and lycopene levels. Moreover, significant relationships between K content, phenolic compounds and free proline were highlighted.
Autores:
P.; G.; Sánchez-López, A. M.; et al.
Revista:
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
ISSN:
0140-7791
Año:
2019
Vol.:
42
N°:
5
Págs.:
1729 - 1746
A "box-in-box" cocultivation system was used to investigate plant responses to microbial volatile compounds (VCs) and to evaluate the contributions of organic and inorganic VCs (VOCs and VICs, respectively) to these responses. Arabidopsis plants were exposed to VCs emitted by adjacent Alternaria alternata and Penicillium aurantiogriseum cultures, with and without charcoal filtration. No VOCs were detected in the headspace of growth chambers containing fungal cultures with charcoal filters. However, these growth chambers exhibited elevated CO2 and bioactive CO and NO headspace concentrations. Independently of charcoal filtration, VCs from both fungal phytopathogens promoted growth and distinct developmental changes. Plants cultured at CO2 levels observed in growth boxes containing fungal cultures were identical to those cultured at ambient CO2. Plants exposed to charcoal-filtered fungal VCs, nonfiltered VCs, or superelevated CO2 levels exhibited transcriptional changes resembling those induced by increased irradiance. Thus, in the "box-in-box" system, (a) fungal VICs other than CO2 and/or VOCs not detected by our analytical systems strongly influence the plants' responses to fungal VCs, (b) different microorganisms release VCs with distinct action potentials, (c) transcriptional changes in VC-exposed plants are mainly due to enhanced photosynthesis signaling, and (d) regulation of some plant responses to fungal VCs is primarily posttranscriptional.
Revista:
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
ISSN:
0378-3774
Año:
2018
Vol.:
202
Págs.:
285 - 298
The projected climate scenario for South Mediterranean Europe predicts lower precipitation and higher temperatures that will negatively affect viticulture in the region. The application of moderate deficit irrigation at crucial moments of berry ripening has been found to improve berry quality. Furthermore, grapevine association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may improve grapevine¿s ability to cope with abiotic stresses. Therefore, the aims of this research were: (1) to characterize the response of three clones of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo to the combination of different water deficit programs and AMF inoculation under elevated temperatures, and (2) to determine whether AMF inoculation can improve berry antioxidant properties under these conditions. The study was carried out on three fruit-bearing cuttings clones of cv. Tempranillo (CL-260, CL-1089 and CL-843) inoculated (+M) or not (¿M) with AMF and subjected to two temperature regimes (24/14 °C and 28/18 °C (day/night)) combined with three irrigation regimes during berry ripening. Irrigation treatments were: (i) water deficit from fruit set to veraison (early deficit, ED); (ii) water deficit from veraison to maturity (late deficit, LD); and (iii) full irrigation (FI). Although each Tempranillo clone seemed to have different abilities to respond to elevated temperatures and water supply, in general, at 24/14 °C the LD treatment performed better than ED. Differences among clones were attenuated at 28/18 °C...
Revista:
PLANT SCIENCE
ISSN:
0168-9452
Año:
2018
Vol.:
274
Págs.:
383 - 393
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a promising tool for improving the quality of grapes under changing environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine if the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance phenolic content (specifically, anthocyanins) in a climate change framework could be mediated by alterations in berry ABA metabolism during ripening. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings of cv. Tempranillo (CL-1048 and CL-1089) inoculated (+M) or not (¿M) with AMF. Two experimental designs were implemented. In the first experiment +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14¿°C or 28/18¿°C (day/night)) from fruit set to berry maturity. In the second experiment, +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14¿°C or 28/18¿°C (day/night)) combined with two irrigation regimes (late water deficit (LD) and full irrigation (FI)). At 28/18¿°C AMF contributed to an increase in berry anthocyanins and modulated ABA metabolism, leading to higher ABA-GE and 7¿OH-ABA and lower phaseic acid (PA) in berries compared to ¿M plants. Under the most stressful scenario (LD and 28/18¿°C), at harvest +M plants exhibited higher berry anthocyanins and 7¿OH-ABA and lower PA and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) levels than ¿M plants. These findings highlight the involvement of ABA metabolism into the ability of AMF to improve some traits involved in the quality of grapes under global warming scenarios.
Revista:
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
ISSN:
0981-9428
Año:
2018
Vol.:
130
Págs.:
542 - 554
Tempranillo grapevine is widely cultivated in Spain and other countries over the world (Portugal, USA, France, Australia, and Argentina, among others) for its wine, but leaves are scarcely used for human or animal nutrition. Since high temperatures affect quality of fruits and leaves in grapevine and the association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhances the antioxidant properties of berries and leaves, we assessed the effect of elevated air temperature and mycorrhization, separately or combined, on the nutritional properties of Tempranillo leaves at the time of fruit harvest. Experimental assay included three clones (CL-260, CL-1048, and CL-1089) and two temperature regimes (24/14¿°C or 28/18¿°C day/night) during fruit ripening. Within each clone and temperature regime there were plants not inoculated or inoculated with AMF. The nutritional value of leaves increased under warming climate: elevated temperatures induced the accumulation of minerals, especially in CL-1089; antioxidant capacity and soluble sugars also increased in CL-1089; CL-260 showed enhanced amounts of pigments, and chlorophylls and soluble proteins increased in CL-1048. Results suggested the possibility of collecting leaves together with fruit harvest with different applications of every clone: those from CL-1089 would be adequate for an energetic diet and leaves from CL-260 and CL-1048 would be suitable for culinary processes.
Autores:
N.; G.; J.; et al.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
ISSN:
0889-1575
Año:
2017
Vol.:
62
Págs.:
51 - 62
Throughout the southern Mediterranean regions of Europe, projected climate warming combined with severe droughts during the growing season may alter grape metabolism, thus modifying the nutritional value of berries and the quality of wines. This study investigated the effects of pre- and post-veraison drought under elevated temperatures on berry skin metabolism of two Tempranillo clones (CL).
Experimental assays were performed on fruit-bearing cuttings from CL-1089 and CL-843 of Vitis vinifera (L.) cv. Tempranillo subjected to two temperature regimes (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) combined with three irrigation regimes during berry ripening: (i) water deficit from fruit set to veraison (early deficit, ED); (ii) water deficit from veraison to maturity (late deficit, LD); and (iii) full irrigation (FI). At 24/14 °C, the LD treatment performed better than the ED treatment. Differences were attenuated at 28/18 °C and responses were modulated by type of clone. Elevated temperatures induced the accumulation of hexoses and amino acids in berries. ED at 24/14 °C reduced anthocyanins and flavonols, which may decrease the antioxidant properties of fruits. In contrast, the levels of these secondary metabolites did not decrease when LD was applied. Our results suggest that the adaptation of grapevines for climate change might be plausible with the optimization of timing of water deficit and the appropriate selection of clones.
Revista:
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
ISSN:
1751-7907
Año:
2017
Vol.:
10
N°:
5
Págs.:
1004 - 1007
Modern agriculture and horticulture must combine two objectives that seem to be almost mutually exclusive: to satisfy the nutritional needs of an increasing human population and to minimize the negative impact on the environment. These two objectives are included in the Goal 2 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture'. Enhancing the nutritional levels of vegetables would improve nutrient intake without requiring an increase in consumption. In this context, the use of beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms for improving, not only growth and yield, but also the nutrient quality of crops represents a promising tool that may respond to the challenges for modern agriculture and horticulture and represents an alternative to the genetic engineering of crops. This paper summarizes the state of the art, the current difficulties associated to the use of rhizospheric microorganisms as enhancers of the nutritional quality of food crops as well as the future prospects.
Autores:
Torres Molina, N.; Goicoechea, N; Morales Iribas, F.; et al.
Revista:
GRANDES CULTIVOS.COM
ISSN:
2462-5221
Año:
2017
Vol.:
12
Págs.:
30 - 33
Las previsiones sobre el aumento de temperatura debido al cambio climático indican que éste repercutirá negativamente sobre la calidad de la uva. Sin embargo, ciertos microorganismos como los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) pueden producir numerosos beneficios en la planta hospedadora que incluyen una mayor tolerancia a los estreses ambientales, tales como la temperatura elevada. Por tanto, los objetivos de este estudio han sido caracterizar la respuesta de tres clones de Tempranillo al aumento de la temperatura y determinar si la inoculación con HMA puede mejorar las propiedades antioxidantes de la baya bajo esas condiciones. El estudio se llevó a cabo con esquejes fructíferos de Tempranillo inoculados o no con HMA y sometidos a dos regímenes de temperatura (24/14 °C y 28/18 °C (día/noche)). Los resultados muestran que cada uno de los clones respondió de diferente forma a la temperatura y a la inoculación micorrícica lo que sugiere que la selección de nuevos clones y/o la implementación de medidas para promover la asociación de la vid con HMA podrían ser estrategias adecuadas para mejorar las propiedades antioxidantes de la vid ante las futuras condiciones climáticas.
Revista:
CROP AND PASTURE SCIENCE
ISSN:
1836-0947
Año:
2016
Vol.:
67
N°:
9
Págs.:
961 - 977
The projected increase in mean temperatures caused by climate change is expected to have detrimental impacts on berry quality. Microorganisms as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) produce numerous benefits to host plants and can help plants to cope with abiotic stresses such as high temperature. The aims of this research were to characterise the response of three clones of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo to elevated temperatures and to determine whether AMF inoculation can improve berry antioxidant properties under these conditions. The study was carried out on three fruit-bearing cuttings clones of cv. Tempranillo (CL-260, CL-1048 and CL-1089) inoculated with AMF or uninoculated and subjected to two temperature regimes (day¿night: 24°C-14°C and 28°C-18°C) during berry ripening. Results showed that clonal diversity of Tempranillo resulted in different abilities to respond to elevated temperature and AMF inoculation. In CL-1048, AMF inoculation improved parameters related to phenolic maturity such as anthocyanin content and increased antioxidant activity under elevated temperature, demonstrating a protective role of AMF inoculation against warming effects on berry quality. The results therefore suggest that selection of new clones and/or the implementation of measures to promote the association of grapevines with AMF could be strategies to improve berry antioxidant properties under future warming conditions.
Revista:
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
ISSN:
2197-0025
Año:
2016
Vol.:
28
N°:
2
Págs.:
171 - 191
This paper describes the use of fruit-bearing grapevine hardwood cuttings as a model system for grapevine research, translating some studies that are difficult to execute under field conditions in the vineyards to facilities under controlled conditions. This approach enables to simulate in greenhouses future climate conditions and to investigate putative responses of grapevine to climate change. An updated description of how to grow grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings is made, together with modifications to carry out studies of partial rootzone drying, regulated deficit irrigation studies and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We summarize how extensive has been the use of fruit-bearing cuttings in grapevine research over the years, with special emphasis in those experiments that analyze the effects of factors related to climate change, such as elevated CO2, elevated temperature, water availability and UV-B radiation, on grapevine physiology, production and grape quality. A validation of the model is made, comparing results obtained with fruit-bearing cuttings with those obtained from vineyard-grown plants. We discuss some advantages of growing grapevines under elevated CO2 with an atmosphere depleted in C-13, using this stable isotope (C-13) and others (N-15, Fe-54 or Fe-57, etc.) as tracers for C, N and other nutrient metabolism studies.
Revista:
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
ISSN:
0926-6690
Año:
2015
Vol.:
76
Págs.:
77 - 85
Within climate change scenario, the maintenance of grape quality and wine characteristics will be the main concern for viticulture in the future years. However, changes in the composition of grapevine pruning wastes (i.e., leaves and stems) could be another interesting aspect as important antioxidant source for pharmaceutical industry due its richness in phenolic compounds beneficial for human health. To date, the effect of biotic and environmental factors in the accumulation of these compounds in leaves had received little attention. Therefore, the aims of study were (1) to evaluate the effect of biotic (mycorrhizal inoculation) and environmental (temperature) factors, alone or combined, on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of grapevine and (2) to determine whether such effects differed among accessions of the same cultivar of grapevine. The study was carried out using container-grown grapevines grown in greenhouses. Dormant Vitis vinifera (L.) cuttings of different accessions of Tempranillo were selected to get fruit-bearing cuttings. At transplanting, half of the plants of each accession were inoculated with the mycorrhizal inoculum and after fruit set, plants were exposed to two temperature regimes (24. °C/14. °C and 28. °C/18. °C (day/night)) to commercially berry ripe. Results showed that total phenolic content, antioxidant compounds like flavonols and anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of leaves were improved with mycorrhizal inoculation under high temperature conditions. It was concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevines could contribute to preserve high level of antioxidant compounds of leaves in a future climate change scenario. However, the effects were strongly dependent of accession assayed, which indicated a significant intra-varietal diversity in the response of Tempranillo to biotic and environmental factors.
Revista:
VITIS
ISSN:
0042-7500
Año:
2015
Vol.:
54
N°:
1
Págs.:
9 - 16
The response of phenolic composition of skins from Vitis vinifera L. 'Tempranillo' and 'Graciano' grapes to water-deficit irrigation during berry growth and ripening was evaluated. The study was carried out using container-grown grapevines grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Two irrigation treatments were imposed: control (well-watered) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI). Twenty-eight phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonols and monomeric flavan-3-ols (catechins) as well as phenolic acids derivatives have been identified in the extracts prepared from the berry skins at physiological maturity. For both varieties, water deficit reduced leaf area and leaf area to crop mass ratio, and decreased berry size. However, there were no changes in juice total soluble solids, pH or total polyphenolic content. Water deficit resulted in decreased must titratable acidity in 'Graciano' berries. In 'Tempranillo', water limitation reduced total anthocyanins and flavonols, and increased hydroxycinnamic acids. In 'Graciano', water deficit resulted in increased flavonols and reduced catechins. Altogether, we concluded that under water-deficit irrigation, 'Graciano' grapes presented a differential composition of phenolic compounds that could result in improved fruit quality.
Revista:
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
ISSN:
0304-4238
Año:
2015
Vol.:
193
Págs.:
359 - 366
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of different doses of compost obtained from fats waste of dairy industry mixed with commercial peat-based substrate and with soil on pepper plants development. Furthermore, this investigation attempted to determine the effects of these mixtures on germination and composition of pepper fruits. Fat compost (FC) was obtained by aerobic composting from dairy industry wastewaters mixed with wood chips and green grass. FC extract resulted free of phytotoxicity for seed germination, obtained 99.71% the relative seed germination and 74.10% of germination index. Different growing media were prepared by mixing 0, 10, 20 and 40% of FC with commercial substrate (CS) or Soil in two different experiments. Results showed that the application of FC on CS and Soil respectively, increased plant dry matter. On pepper seedling FC 40 achieves 250 mg plant(-1) DM. Moreover, higher doses of FC improved yield and several characteristics of fruit as dry matter, diameter and concentrations of some carotenoids. The incorporation of FC did not increase the heavy metals concentration of pepper fruit. At leaves, the highest concentrations of N were reached shown on treatment with FC (Soil: 1.46%, FC 10: 1.92%, FC 20: 2.00%, FC 40: 2.09%). Application of FC for germination and development of pepper plants improved the seedlings, fruit yield and quality.
Revista:
ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
ISSN:
0003-4746
Año:
2014
Vol.:
164
N°:
2
Págs.:
190 - 199
Alfalfa is a widely distributed forage legume whose leaves are high in protein content and whose stems are suitable for bioethanol production. However, alfalfa forage digestibility, quality and yield may vary under future climate change scenarios. This legume can establish double symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The presence of AMF can modify the evolution of biomass production and partitioning during the vegetative growth of alfalfa. We hypothesised that mycorrhizal symbiosis may change the quantity and/or quality of carbohydrates and lignin in leaves and/or stems of alfalfa, with these changes being dependent on the atmospheric CO2 concentration at which plants are grown. Results showed that mycorrhizal alfalfa plants exposed to elevated CO2 had improved leaf, stem and root biomass, enhanced amount of hemicellulose and decreased concentration of lignin in cell walls of leaves as well as increased levels of glucose and fructose in stems compared with non-mycorrhizal alfalfa. These results indicated improved forage quality (leaves) and enhanced potential for bioethanol conversion (stems) in mycorrhizal alfalfa cultivated under elevated CO2. Moreover, the potential of stems for producing CH4 reinforced their suitability for the conversion of biomass into bioethanol.
Revista:
PLANT SCIENCE
ISSN:
0168-9452
Año:
2014
Vol.:
226
Págs.:
22 - 29
Continued emissions of CO2, derived from human activities, increase atmospheric CO2 concentration. The CO2 rise stimulates plant growth and affects yield quality. Effects of elevated CO2 on legume quality depend on interactions with N2-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Growth at elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis under short-term exposures in C3 species. Under long-term exposures, however, plants generally acclimate to elevated CO2 decreasing their photosynthetic capacity. An updated survey of the literature indicates that a key factor, perhaps the most important, that characteristically influences this phenomenon, its occurrence and extent, is the plant source-sink balance. In legumes, the ability of exchanging C for N at nodule level with the N2-fixing symbionts creates an extra C sink that avoids the occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots may also result in increased C sink, preventing photosynthetic acclimation. Defoliation (Anthyllis vulneraria, simulated grazing) or shoot cutting (alfalfa, usual management as forage) largely increases root/shoot ratio. During re-growth at elevated CO2, new shoots growth and nodule respiration function as strong C sinks that counteracts photosynthetic acclimation. In the presence of some limiting factor, the legumes response to elevated CO2 is weakened showing photosynthetic acclimation. This survey has identified limiting factors that include an insufficient N supply from bacterial strains, nutrient-poor soils, low P supply, excess temperature affecting photosynthesis and/or nodule activity, a genetically determined low nodulation capacity, an inability of species or varieties to increase growth (and therefore C sink) at elevated CO2 and a plant phenological state or season when plant growth is stopped.
Revista:
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH
ISSN:
1322-7130
Año:
2014
Vol.:
20
N°:
2
Págs.:
281 - 291
Background and Aims The application of deficit irrigation to grapevines modifies the hormonal status of berries, but little information about the influence of berry hormones on phenological sensitivity to water deficit is available. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the involvement of berry hormonal status in fruit composition in response to regulated deficit irrigation applied during different phenological stages in two grapevine cultivars. Methods and Results The study was carried out on fruiting cuttings of two cultivars of Vitis viniferaL., Tempranillo and Graciano. Treatments were: (i) early water deficit from fruitset to onset of veraison (early deficit); (ii) late water deficit from onset of veraison to harvest (late deficit); and (iii) plants regularly irrigated (Control). Both early water deficit and late water-deficit strategies modified evolution of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, which was related to changes in berry size, increases in phenolic substances and accumulation of amines. Conclusions Differential sensitivity of Tempranillo and Graciano grapevines to seasonal water stress was mediated, at least in part, by alterations in hormonal status of berries at the time of water stress imposition. Significance of Study This study relates interspecific differences in the sensitivity of seasonal water-deficit irrigation to changes in the endogenous hormonal status of berries.
Revista:
PLANT SCIENCE
ISSN:
0168-9452
Año:
2014
Vol.:
226
Págs.:
30 - 40
Human activities are increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature. Related to this global warming, periods of low water availability are also expected to increase. Thus, CO2 concentration, temperature and water availability are three of the main factors related to climate change that potentially may influence crops and ecosystems. In this report, we describe the use of growth chamber - greenhouses (GCG) and temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG) to simulate climate change scenarios and to investigate possible plant responses. In the GCG, CO2 concentration, temperature and water availability are set to act simultaneously, enabling comparison of a current situation with a future one. Other characteristics of the GCG are a relative large space of work, fine control of the relative humidity, plant fertirrigation and the possibility of light supplementation, within the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) region and/or with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light. In the TGG, the three above-mentioned factors can act independently or in interaction, enabling more mechanistic studies aimed to elucidate the limiting factor(s) responsible for a given plant response. Examples of experiments, including some aimed to study photosynthetic acclimation, a phenomenon that leads to decreased photosynthetic capacity under long-term exposures to elevated CO2, using GCG and TGG are reported.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
ISSN:
0721-7595
Año:
2013
Vol.:
32
N°:
3
Págs.:
551 - 563
Water-deficit irrigation to grapevines reduces plant growth, yield, and berry growth, altering the ripening process, all of which may influence fruit composition and wine quality. Therefore, the goals of this study were (1) to investigate the influence of the main endogenous berry hormones, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), on berry growth and ripening under water-deficit conditions and (2) to analyze changes in fruit composition, specifically N compounds, under water deprivation. The study was carried out using container-grown Tempranillo grapevines grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Two irrigation treatments were imposed: control (well-watered) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI). Water deficit decreased leaf area and the source-to-sink ratio, reduced yield and berry size, and decreased concentrations of the main phenolic compounds. SDI also modified berry hormonal status. At the pea-size stage, SDI berries had lower IAA and higher JA and SA than nonstressed berries. At veraison (onset of ripening), accumulation of ABA was less accentuated in SDI than in control berries. At harvest, the content of amino acids and free ammonium was low in both treatments but SDI-treated berries showed a significant accumulation of amines. Results suggest that water restrictions to grapevines might be playing a physiological role in reducing berry growth through affecting hormone dynamics, phenolic synthesis, and the berry amino acid content and composition, which could compromise fruit quality. Possible roles of endogenous IAA controlling berry size and endogenous ABA and SA controlling levels of anthocyanins and flavonols at harvest are discussed.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE
ISSN:
1436-8730
Año:
2013
Vol.:
176
N°:
1
Págs.:
110 - 117
Leguminous plants grown in sewage sludge-amended soils can acquire nitrogen by assimilation of nitrate and ammonium from the soil solution or from atmospheric-dinitrogen (N-2) fixation through association with N-2-fixing bacteria. We proposed that operation of both metabolic processes could contribute to alleviate the impact of drought in sludge-treated plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the involvement of nodule metabolism in the use efficiency of water and N in sludge-treated plants. Treatments comprised (1) plants inoculated with rhizobia and amended with sewage sludge; (2) plants inoculated with rhizobia without any amendment; and (3) noninoculated plants supplied with ammonium nitrate, each under well-watered and drought conditions. Under drought, sludge-treated plants had increased plant growth and higher photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies than untreated plants. Drought stimulated nitrate reductase and GS/GOGAT activities but did not affect the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase or the leghemoglobin concentration. The results suggest that under drought conditions, both N-2 fixation and nitrate assimilation in nodules of sludge-treated plants contributed to improve plant N supply and to increase the drought tolerance of alfalfa.
Revista:
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
ISSN:
0032-0781
Año:
2013
Vol.:
54
N°:
7
Págs.:
1200 - 1216
Berry organoleptic properties are highly influenced by ripening environmental conditions. In this study, we used grapevine fruiting cuttings to follow berry ripening under different controlled conditions of temperature and irradiation intensity. Berries ripened at higher temperatures showed reduced anthocyanin accumulation and hastened ripening, leading to a characteristic drop in malic acid and total acidity. The GrapeGen GeneChip (R) combined with a newly developed GrapeGen 12Xv1 MapMan version were utilized for the functional analysis of berry transcriptomic differences after 2 week treatments from veraison onset. These analyses revealed the establishment of a thermotolerance response in berries under high temperatures marked by the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) chaperones and the repression of transmembrane transporter-encoding transcripts. The thermotolerance response was coincident with up-regulation of ERF subfamily transcription factors and increased ABA levels, suggesting their participation in the maintenance of the acclimation response. Lower expression of amino acid transporter-encoding transcripts at high temperature correlated with balanced amino acid content, suggesting a transcriptional compensation of temperature effects on protein and membrane stability to allow for completion of berry ripening. In contrast, the lower accumulation of anthocyanins and higher malate metabolization measured under high temperature might partly result from imbalance in the expression and function of their specific transmembrane transporters and expression changes in genes involved in their metabolic pathways. These results open up new views to improve our understanding of berry ripening under high temperatures.
Revista:
Plant Science
ISSN:
0168-9452
Año:
2012
Vol.:
191
Págs.:
16 - 23
Symbiotic association of legumes with rhizobia frequently results in higher photosynthesis and soluble carbohydrates in comparison with nitrate-fed plants, which might improve its potential for biomass conversion into bioethanol. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen source and water availability on stem characteristics and on relationships between carbohydrates, phenolic metabolism activity and cell wall composition in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L cv. Aragon). The experiment included three treatments: (1) plants fed with ammonium nitrate (AN): (2) plants inoculated with rhizobia (R); and (3) plants inoculated with rhizobia and amended with sewage sludge (RS). Two levels of irrigation were imposed: (1) well-watered and (2) drought stress. Under well-watered conditions, nitrogen-fixing plants have increased photosynthesis and stem fermentable carbohydrate concentrations, which result in higher potential for biomass conversion to bioethanol than in AN plants. The latter had higher lignin due to enhanced activities of phenolic metabolism-related enzymes. Under drought conditions, the potential for bioethanol conversion decreased to a similar level in all treatments. Drought-stressed nitrogen-fixing plants have high concentrations of fermentable carbohydrates and cell wall cellulose, but ammonium nitrate-fed plants produced higher plant and stem biomass, which might compensate the decreasing stem carbohydrates and cellulose concentrations.
Revista:
Environmental and Experimental Botany
ISSN:
0098-8472
Año:
2010
Vol.:
68
N°:
1
Págs.:
75 - 82
Revista:
Journal of Hazardous Materials
ISSN:
0304-3894
Año:
2010
Vol.:
182
N°:
1-3
Págs.:
210 - 216
Revista:
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
ISSN:
0147-6513
Año:
2010
Vol.:
73
N°:
3
Págs.:
436 - 442
Nacionales y Regionales
Título:
SENSOR 2 DESARROLLO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN NUEVO SENSOR PARA LA MEDIDA DE TRANSPIRACIÓN EN RACIMOS DE UVA
Código de expediente:
0011-1383-2019-000005 PT005-006 SENSOR 2
Investigador principal:
Inmaculada Pascual Elizalde
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2019 GN Centros
Fecha de inicio:
01/12/2018
Fecha fin:
30/11/2019
Importe concedido:
47.740,00€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
Contribución de los microorganismos edáficos beneficiosos a la adaptación de variedades comerciales de vid al cambio climático
Código de expediente:
PID2020-118337RB-I00
Investigador principal:
María Nieves Goicoechea Preboste, Inmaculada Pascual Elizalde
Financiador:
AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION
Convocatoria:
2020 AEI PROYECTOS I+D+i (incluye Generación del conocimiento y Retos investigación)
Fecha de inicio:
01/09/2021
Fecha fin:
31/08/2024
Importe concedido:
175.450,00€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
DESARROLLO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN NUEVO SENSOR PARA LA MEDIDA DE TRANSPIRACIÓN EN RACIMOS DE UVA
Código de expediente:
0011-1383-2018-000005 PT035-036 SENSOR
Investigador principal:
Inmaculada Pascual Elizalde
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2018 GN Centros
Fecha de inicio:
01/02/2018
Fecha fin:
30/11/2018
Importe concedido:
33.415,00€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
Implicación de la transpiración y respiración del racimo en la calidad
final de la uva de vinificación en un medioambiente cambiante: desarrollo y validación de un nuevo multi-sensor de H2O, CO2 y O2 (MULTI-SENSOR)
Código de expediente:
0011-1383-2020-000010 PC145 UNAV MULTI-SENSOR
Investigador principal:
Inmaculada Pascual Elizalde
Financiador:
GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA
Convocatoria:
2020 GN Proyectos Colaborativos
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2020
Fecha fin:
30/11/2022
Importe concedido:
174.351,08€
Otros fondos:
-
Título:
Influencia de la longitud del ciclo,CO2, temperatura y disponibilidad hídrica en el desequilibrio entre azúcares y antocianinas inducido por el cambio climático en Tempranillo
Código de expediente:
AGL2014-56075-C2-1-R
Investigador principal:
Juan José Irigoyen Iparrea
Financiador:
MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN
Convocatoria:
2014-MINECO Retos Investigación
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2015
Fecha fin:
31/12/2018
Importe concedido:
193.600,00€
Otros fondos:
-
