Home cooking and the type of cooking techniques can have an effect on our health. However, as far as we know, there is no questionnaire that measures in depth the frequency and type of cooking techniques used at home. Our aim was to design a new Home Cooking Frequency Questionnaire (HCFQ) and to preliminarily assess its psychometric properties. For this purpose we used a five-phase approach, as follows: Phase 1: item generation based on expert opinion, relevant literature and previous surveys; Phase 2: content validity assessed by experts for relevance and clarity (epidemiologists, dietitians, chefs); Phase 3: face validity and inter-item reliability; Phase 4: criterion validity using a 7-day food and culinary record; and Phase 5: test stability and inter-item reliability. The content validity index for scale and item level values provided evidence of the content validity for relevance and clarity. Criterion validity analysis showed intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.31-0.69. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.49-0.92, with ¿ values > 0.44. Overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. In conclusion, the HCFQ is a promising tool with sound content and face validity, substantial criterion validity, and adequate reliability. This 174-item HCFQ is the first questionnaire to assess how often people cook and which cooking methods they use at home.

AIM: To explore nurses' knowledge, skills and personal attributes for competent health education practice and their association with potential influencing factors. BACKGROUND: Clinical nurses are expected to perform effective health education interventions, but they do not feel competent. The self-assessment of the health education competence and its conditional factors is paramount for professional development. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 458 clinical nurses from two health specialized centers in Spain participated in this study. Data were collected using the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument and a second self-report questionnaire from January to February 2019. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data. The STROBE guideline was used RESULTS: The mean scores of the knowledge (70.10±15.11), skills (92.14±15.18) and personal attributes scales (32.32±5.89) were found to be low to moderate. The main influencing factors for the health education implementation were lack of education and training (71.4%), lack of time (67.5%) and high workload (67.3%). Nurses with higher educational level and perceived self-efficacy for competently providing health education, more extensive professional experience and previous training in health education rated higher in knowledge, skills and personal attributes. Age and years of experience were negatively correlated with knowledge scores, but positively with the rest of domains of the competence and self-efficacy. The regression models for the overall health education competence's domains were significant (p<0.001) with R2 values ranging from 28.0% to 49.3%. Self-efficacy, previous health education training and working in intensive care units were found to be significant in all cognitive, psychomotor and attitudinal scales. CONCLUSION: Clinical nurses reported on some skills and personal attributes for health education practice, but they seem to lack health education knowledge necessary for a competent practice. This study suggested that effective education and training and supportive organizational cultures are key to enhance nurses' health education competence. Identifying nurses' educational needs on the main domains of the competence and its intrinsic/extrinsic influential factors may assist in both planning and organizing tailored training strategies and in promoting appropriate environments to support a high-quality health education practice TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Nurses' knowledge, skills and attitudes about health education competence are low to moderate. Training and organizational support are key.

Evidence shows that applying family nursing theory to practice benefits the patient, the family, and nursing professionals, yet the implementation of family nursing in clinical practice settings is inconsistent and limited. One of the contributing factors may be related to insufficient or inadequate educational programs focused on family nursing. This article presents a systematic review of the research that has examined the effectiveness of family nursing educational programs aimed at promoting clinical competence in family nursing. Six databases were systematically searched and 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, generating three themes: general study characteristics, educational program components, and outcome measures. These educational programs reported effectiveness in developing family nursing knowledge, skills, and attitudes, but did not evaluate the nurses' actual acquisition and implementation of family nursing clinical competencies. This review offers relevant implications for research and for family nursing education, especially when designing and evaluating future educational programs. Future research must more closely address the process and outcomes of best educational practices in family nursing education and how these are applied and evaluated in actual practice settings.

Aim To develop and psychometrically test the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument for assessing nurses' knowledge, skills and personal attributes concerning competent health education practice. Design A psychometric instrument development and validation study. Methods A four-step approach was used: Step 1) operational definition based on an up-to-date concept analysis and experts' judgement; step 2) item generation and content validation by expert panel and target population; step 3) item analysis based on acceptability, internal consistency and face validity; and step 4) psychometric evaluation based on construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency and stability, conducted from January -February 2019 with 458 hospital-care nurses. Results The operational framework and expert groups showed good content validity, resulting in the first version. From the initial 88-item pool, 58 items were retained after item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three scales concerning the cognitive (three-factor solution with 23 items), psychomotor (two-factor solution with 26 items) and affective-attitudinal (one-factor solution with nine items) competency domains, which respectively accounted for 58%, 53% and 54% of the variance. Known-group study demonstrated significant differences by years working in the service and training received in health education, providing evidence for the measure's sensitivity. The three scales correlated positively ...

Aim To translate and psychometrically validate the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire for nurses in Spain. Background Nurses are one of the groups most affected by work-related stress. The combination of high job demands and low control is identified as the main source of stress among nurses. The Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing psychosocial stress in the workplace. Methods A two-phase cross-sectional descriptive study. The instrument was translated according to Sousa and Rojjanasrirat guidelines, including forward and backward translations, consensus meetings, pilot testing and expert committee. Structural validity, convergent and discriminative validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed in a sample of 247 nurses. Results Exploratory factor analysis verified a three-factor solution with good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.62 to 0.87) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.65 to 0.85). Conclusions The Spanish version of the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire seems to be a brief, valid and reliable instrument to measure psychosocial stress in the workplace in nurses. Implications for nursing management The use of the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire can be of value to inform the design and implementation of appropriate management strategies to foster a more favourable work environment that promotes the well-being of professionals.

The beliefs of nursing professionals who care for families experiencing illness are fundamental to the quality of the nurse-family relationship and the level of the nurse's involvement in the therapeutic process of Family Systems Nursing. It is essential to have valid and reliable instruments for assessing nurses' illness beliefs, especially in the Spanish context where no instruments have been identified to date. The Iceland Health Care Practitioner Illness Beliefs Questionnaire (ICE-HCP-IBQ) is a reliable and valid measure of professionals' beliefs about their understanding of the meaning of the illness experience of families. The purpose of this study was to adapt and psychometrically test the Spanish version of the ICE-HCP-IBQ (N= 249 nurses). The exploratory factor analysis showed one-factor solution with good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .91) and test-retest reliability (r= .72,p< .01). This questionnaire is a promising tool for mapping nurse's illness beliefs and monitoring the effectiveness of family nursing educational interventions in the Spanish context.

Objectives: The concept of health education has traditionally focused on enabling people to change unhealthy behaviours and lifestyles. Although, at the theoretical level, there exist definitions of the concept, it remains complex and ambiguous. Furthermore, nurses often confuse the concept with other related terms, such as health information or health promotion. The aim here is to report a concept analysis of health education and elucidate a current definition. Design: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis. Data sources: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL for articles written in English or Spanish, published between 1986 and 2017. A manual search was performed, and grey literature was also reviewed. A pre-determined template of study inclusion-related questions assisted the process. Review methods: Rodgers' evolutionary method guided the narrative analysis. The attributes of health education, as well as its antecedents, consequences, related terms and contextual bases were extracted and synthesized. Results: Based on the review of 31 studies on health education, the attributes are a learning process, health-oriented, multidimensional, person-centred and partnership. The antecedents are professional awareness of health education, training of health professionals, available resources, individual's willingness to act, and health as an individual's priority in life. The consequences are the increase in knowledge, skills and/or attitudes; ...

Background: Although beliefs, self-efficacy and intention to quit have been identified as proximal predictors of initiation or quitting in young adults, few studies have studied how these variables change after a smoking cessation intervention. Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the beliefs, self-efficacy and intention to avoid smoking, and determine if these are potential mediators in quitting, following a smoking cessation intervention, aimed at tobacco-dependent college students. Design: Single-blind, pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up. Method: A total of 255 smoker students were recruited from September 2013 to February 2014. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention group (n=133) or to control group (n=122). The students in the intervention group received a multi-component intervention based on the Theory of Triadic Influence. The strategies of this program consisted of a 50-minute motivational interview conducted by a nurse and online self-help material. The follow-up included a reinforcing e-mail and group therapy. The smoking-related Self-efficacy, Belief and Intention scale was used to assess outcomes. Results: Intention to quit smoking is partial moderator explaining 36.2% of the total effects in smoking cessation incidence. At 6-month follow-up, the differences in the mean scores of self-efficacy and intention related to stopping smoking were significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group. Conclusions: A multicomponent intervention based on the Theory of Triadic Influence, tailored to college students positively increased the self-efficacy to avoid smoking, and the intention to quit, suggesting intention as potential mediator of quitting.

Introducción y objetivos: Los Dispositivos de Asistencia Ventricular (DAV) constituyen una terapia exitosa en pacientes con insu"ciencia cardiaca en estadíos avanzados. Los cuidadores de pacientes con estos dispositivos desempeñan un papel fundamental llegando a afectar a su calidad de vida y repercutiendo en el cuidado del paciente. El objetivo es conocer las experiencias de los cuidadores de pacientes con DAV. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográ"ca en Pubmed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral y Cochrane Library. Se combinaron los términos: "caregiver", "experience" y «Ventricular Assist Device» con los booleanos AND y OR. Como límites se establecieron el idioma (inglés y español) y el tiempo de publicación (últimos 10 años). Además, se revisaron revistas especializadas, seleccionando "nalmente 12 artículos. Resultados: Se clasi"caron en tres temas: A) El DAV como evento que cambia la vida: los cuidadores describen encontrarse en una constante «montaña rusa». B) Los cambios en el rol: existe una pérdida del rol habitual en la familia, junto con desafíos psicológicos y emocionales. C) Un proceso de adaptación: los cuidadores adoptan una actitud de resiliencia logrando mejorar sentimientos negativos como estrés y miedo, aunque no desaparecen por completo. Discusión y/o conclusiones: Los cuidadores de pacientes con DAV vivencian una importante transformación en sus vidas. Las enfermeras deben desarrollar nuevas estrategias para proporcionar apoyo a estos cuidadores. Para ello, futuras investigaciones deben enfocarse en el desarrollo de programas de formación sobre cómo abordar en la práctica las necesidades de esta población.

Introducción: El contexto socio-sanitario está experimentando un proceso de transformación. Estos cambios hacen emerger roles enfermeros innovadores como la Enfermera de Práctica Avanzada formadas para responder a las complejidades de la sociedad. Tema analizado: Las principales barreras internas de la organización que dificultan el proceso de implementación de la figura de la Enfermera de Práctica Avanzada. Se han identificado: "ambigüedad del rol", "barreras a nivel organizacional" y "factor humano". El conocimiento de éstas permite prevenir y fomentar una buena implementación del nuevo rol en la organización sanitaria. Conclusiones: La evolución del contexto hospitalario requiere de roles enfermeros de Práctica Avanzada. En el proceso de su implementación se identifican tres barreras internas a la organización que lo obstaculizan. Una reforma en la educación de Enfermería y en su ámbito laboral deberá incluir la práctica avanzada. La implementación del rol se logrará cuando la profesión pueda articular y describir la esencia y las características de éste.

El consumo de tabaco representa la primera causa prevenible de enfermedad, discapacidad y muerte en el mundo, considerándose una pandemia evitable. Los profesionales sanitarios tienen un papel esencial en ayudar a los fumadores a dejar este hábito. Es por ello que estos, durante su formación universitaria, deberían recibir los conocimientos, habilidades y aptitudes necesarias para llevar a cabo intervenciones de cesación tabáquica. Con este objetivo investigadores y profesores del Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), la Universidad de Navarra, el King's College de Londres, la Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, la Université Libre de Bruxelles, la Universitat de Barcelona, el Erasmushogeschool Brussel y la Universitat de Lleida han desarrollado el curso INSTrUCT. Este recurso educativo innovador de aprendizaje online está disponible en abierto en cuatro idiomas: español, inglés, francés y portugués. La finalidad de este manual es guiar a los profesores universitarios en la implementación y evaluación de este curso, así como profundizar en el rol del profesor y del estudiante en el mismo. Por último, es importante señalar que el desarrollo de este curso ha sido posible gracias a la financiación del programa ERASMUS+.

Tobacco consumption represents the first cause of preventable illness, disability, and death in the world, being considered an avoidable "pandemic". According to the World Health Organization (2020; [WHO]), tobacco consumption, at a global level, is responsible for over eight million deaths per year. All in all, the INSTrUCT course has the general goal to enable healthcare profession students in the assessment of the tobacco consumption status and in the main interventions to quit smoking. This manual intends to guide the professor through the implementation and assessment of the INSTrUCT course and to discuss which is the role of the professor and the student during its development.