Revistas
Revista:
AI AND SOCIETY: THE JOURNAL OF HUMAN-CENTRED SYSTEMS
ISSN:
0951-5666
Año:
2023
Vol.:
38
N°:
1
Págs.:
47 - 65
We examine Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) critique of the need for Artifcial Moral Agents (AMAs) and its rebuttal by Formosa and Ryan (JAMA 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) set against a neo-Aristotelian ethical background. Neither Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) essay nor Formosa and Ryan¿s (JAMA 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) is explicitly framed within the teachings of a specifc ethical school. The former appeals to the lack of ¿both empirical and intuitive support¿ (Van Wynsberghe and Robbins 2019, p. 721) for AMAs, and the latter opts for ¿argumentative breadth over depth¿, meaning to provide ¿the essential groundwork for making an all things considered judgment regarding the moral case for building AMAs¿ (Formosa and Ryan 2019, pp. 1¿2). Although this strategy may beneft their acceptability, it may also detract from their ethical rootedness, coherence, and persuasiveness, characteristics often associated with consolidated ethical traditions. Neo-Aristotelian ethics, backed by a distinctive philosophical anthropology and worldview, is summoned to fll this gap as a standard to test these two opposing claims. It provides a substantive account of moral agency through the theory of voluntary action; it explains how voluntary action is tied to intelligent and autonomous human life; and it distinguishes machine operations from voluntary actions through the categories of poiesis and praxis respectively. ...
Revista:
BUSINESS ETHICS, THE ENVIRONMENT & RESPONSIBILITY
ISSN:
2694-6416
Año:
2023
Vol.:
32
N°:
1
Págs.:
274 - 291
The purpose of this paper is to show how a MacIntyre-inspired business school could contribute to developing practical wisdom in students through its curriculum, methods, faculty, student selection criteria, and governance. Despite MacIntyre's critiques, management can be presented, in MacIntyrean terms, as a second-order, domain-relative practice, with practical wisdom as corresponding virtue. Management education consists in developing practical wisdom. How? Primarily by initiating students and enabling them to participate in communal traditions of inquiry focused on, although not limited to, the purposes and ends of business. The transmission of objective knowledge, analytical skills, and techniques is subordinated to the end goal. We consider traditions centered on shareholder value maximization, the balancing of stakeholder interests, and the fulfillment of the common good of firms. Each gives rise to a particular kind of business school. A MacIntyrean business school is one that seeks the common good of firms.
Revista:
BUSINESS ETHICS
ISSN:
0962-8770
Año:
2023
Vol.:
32
N°:
1
Págs.:
274 - 291
The purpose of this paper is to show how a MacIntyre-inspired business school could contribute to developing practical wisdom in students through its curriculum, meth-ods, faculty, student selection criteria, and governance. Despite MacIntyre's critiques, management can be presented, in MacIntyrean terms, as a second-order, domain- relative practice, with practical wisdom as corresponding virtue. Management educa-tion consists in developing practical wisdom. How? Primarily by initiating students and enabling them to participate in communal traditions of inquiry focused on, al-though not limited to, the purposes and ends of business. The transmission of ob-jective knowledge, analytical skills, and techniques is subordinated to the end goal. We consider traditions centered on shareholder value maximization, the balancing of stakeholder interests, and the fulfillment of the common good of firms. Each gives rise to a particular kind of business school. A MacIntyrean business school is one that seeks the common good of firms.KEYWORDScommon good, narrative, tradition, virtues
Revista:
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
ISSN:
1664-1078
Año:
2023
Vol.:
13
Págs.:
1045508
As a result of contemporary culture¿s focus on continuous innovation and ¿change before you have to,¿ innovation has been identified with economic gains rather than with creating added value for society. At the same time, given current trends related to the automation of business models, workers seem all but destined to be replaced by machines in the labor market. In this context, we attempt to explore whether robots and Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be able to innovate, and the extent to which said activity is exclusively inherent to human nature. Following the need for a more anthropological view of innovation, we make use of MacIntyrean categories to present innovation as a domain-relative practice with creativity and practical wisdom as its corresponding virtues. We explain why innovation can only be understood within a tradition as it implies participating in inquiry about the principle and end of practical life. We conclude that machines and ¿intelligent¿ devices do not have the capacity to innovate and they never will. They may replicate the human capacity for creativity, but they squarely lack the necessary conditions to be a locus of virtue or engage with a tradition.
Revista:
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
ISSN:
1664-1078
Año:
2023
Vol.:
13
Págs.:
977750
This article presents the Positive Leadership Action Framework (PLAF) to structure Positive Leadership (PL). The novelty of the PLAF is that it incorporates the connections of PL to positive outcomes (financial and economic performance and social well-being) and organizational virtuousness. Also, it acknowledges its conditional nature on the virtues to achieve flourishing within the organization and society at large. We argue that the leader's actions function as the engine for positive change within the organization, bridging the gap between individual virtues and organizational virtuousness and creating a feedback loop among both. To develop a positive organization, a leader needs to create positive assumptions among (and about) coworkers, positively impact the personal and professional development of employees, and balance positive formal and informal conditions at work. To do so, it is a sine qua non condition that the positive leader fosters his/her personal development by exercising the virtues and developing practical wisdom. In this way, the positive leader automatically provides followers with a vision of the final end towards the common good and achieves to set his/her organization on a pathway towards excellence.
Revista:
REVISTA DE DERECHO DE SOCIEDADES
ISSN:
1134-7686
Año:
2023
Vol.:
67
Págs.:
RR-3.1-RR-3.11
En las últimas décadas, los consejeros independientes han ido adquiriendo más peso en los consejos de administración para aportar un juicio independiente, garantizado por un desinterés financiero y social. En la práctica, existe un enfoque negativo de la independencia que contrasta con los llamamientos de las organizaciones internacionales a centrarse en los aspectos positivos y con el concepto de independencia que varios estudios teóricos asocian con la integridad, la libertad, la autonomía y la ausencia de dependencia. En la práctica, existe una gran heterogeneidad en la definición y los requisitos de independencia para los consejeros, lo que plantea dudas sobre cuál es el verdadero papel de los independientes y hasta qué punto estos consejeros están en condiciones de poderlo desempeñar. Este trabajo pretende responder a estas preguntas y, para ello, se realiza un estudio comparativo del concepto de independencia y sus implicaciones prácticas en los códigos de gobierno corporativo de los países del G20, llegándose a la conclusión de que la figura del consejero independiente sólo tiene sentido desde el punto de vista de la teoría de la agencia, a los efectos de reforzar la posición de los accionistas con respecto a las posiciones ejecutivas de la empresa. Así, cabe esperar que los consejeros independientes aporten un equilibrio de poder e imparcialidad, pero sus incentivos no están alineados con coherencia para orientarlos a tal fin.
Revista:
BUSINESS ETHICS QUARTERLY
ISSN:
1052-150X
Año:
2021
Vol.:
31
N°:
4
Págs.:
623 - 639
In 1538¿39 Francisco de Vitoria delivered two relections: De Indis and De iure belli. This article distills from these writings the topic of free trade as a ¿human right¿ in accordance with ius gentium or the ¿law of peoples.¿ The right to free trade is rooted in a more fundamental right to communication and association. The rights to travel, to dwell, and to migrate precede the right to trade, which is also closely connected to the rights to preach, to protect converts, and to constitute Christian princes. This has significant repercussions on the field of business ethics: the right to free trade is ultimately founded directly on natural law and indirectly on divine law; trade is not independent of ethics; and trade is presented as an opportunity to develop the virtues of justice and friendship, among other repercussions. Vitoria is portrayed as a defender of private initiative and free markets.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
ISSN:
0167-4544
Año:
2020
Vol.:
165
N°:
2
Págs.:
241 - 254
Not only individuals and firms, but also families engage in business as a social activity and this is true beyond the case of family businesses. Cultural differences in the way families are construed might influence the way they do business. There are different types of families, and among these are those described by Aristotelian and Confucian traditions, representing the West and the East respectively. The literature on virtue in business has been dominated by a Western-mainly Aristotelian-tradition (Ferrero and Sison in Bus Ethics Eur Rev 30(1): 8-24, 2014), neglecting the role of the family and focusing on the individual. In this paper, we seek to fill this gap by explaining differences and similarities in the normative evaluation of certain family-related business attitudes and practices, in light of Confucian and Aristotelian virtue ethics standards. After comparing the structure, organization and dynamics of Aristotelian and Confucian families, we shall draw some inferences regarding "virtuous" or excellent business practices-such as nepotism, bribery, gift-giving and guanxi and attitudes-on codified rules or written norms. For this analysis we shall make use of Aristotelian and Confucian ethical accounts as well as inputs from Family Science applied to organizations, which provides conceptual categories to compare the two traditions. Thus we hope to contribute not only to the comparative study of Aristotelian and Confucian virtue ethics in business, but also to the understanding of the distinctive role of families, raising cultural awareness for what may be considered virtuous business practices according to the Aristotelian and Confucian traditions.
Revista:
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
ISSN:
1664-1078
Año:
2020
Vol.:
11
Págs.:
552152
On August Business Roundtable (2019), the Business Roundtable redefined the purpose and social responsibility of the corporation. Yet, this statement must be followed by substantial changes in the business models of corporations for it to avoid becoming empty rhetoric. We believe that the figure of the independent director may be one of the catalysts needed for this change of paradigm for corporations. In spite of the positive correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and board independence, the development of the independence of boards during the last decade has not lead to the expected CSR results. Academics and regulators point to a weak definition and the non-standardized measurement of both independence and board independence (BI) as one possible explanation, and agree that a broader definition is needed. This paper aims to contribute to this debate. We develop a second-generation definition of independence based on a positive approximation to the concept by integrating an Aristotelian perspective of virtue ethics with the best practices of corporate governance. Thus, we define independence as a virtue guided by practical wisdom, that implies autonomy and autarky and which enables a person to act with integrity, fairness and truthfulness. In the context of corporate governance, independence is associated with an honest disposition to serve. Our proposal has political implications for supervisors that make decisions relating to the suitability of (...)
Revista:
BUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW
ISSN:
0962-8770
Año:
2018
Vol.:
27
N°:
2
Págs.:
195 - 206
The compliance-based approach and the integrity approach have been the mainstream responses to corporate scandals. This paper proposes that, despite each approach comprising necessary elements, neither offers a comprehensive solution. Compliance and integrity, far from being mutually exclusive, reinforce each other. Working together, in a correct relationship, they build a harmonized system that yields positive synergies and which also advocates prudence (phrónesis). It enables the generation of a culture of compliance that tends to minimize the technical and ethical errors in decision making. In order to explore an applied harmonized approach, we analyze the audit committee, a specific and broadly accepted regulatory instrument. Formed by non-executive members, regulation requires these members to be dedicated, qualified, and independent as a guarantee of efficiency. We show how the compound of those elements produces positive effects in a context of solid governance. We conclude that it is the strong relationship between efficiency and prudence, in the creation of a culture of compliance, which enables the minimization of errors.
Revista:
APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS
ISSN:
1350-4851
Año:
2018
Vol.:
25
N°:
5
Págs.:
305 - 308
This study examines the relationship between oil prices and economic activity in the G-7 economies during the period 1960M1¿2014M07 using a wavelet approach. The results show significant differences in the relationship between these two variables depending on the frequencies. Furthermore, we find that oil price shocks affect economic activity at low frequencies (long run) in all G-7 countries, while the effect at high frequencies (short run) is limited to a few countries.
Revista:
FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS
ISSN:
1544-6123
Año:
2016
Vol.:
18
Págs.:
199 - 204
We propose a novel methodology to identify latent factors influencing investment allocations in financial assets. By drawing logical paths in a structural equation model (SEM) framework, we uncover the role of a latent return factor that simultaneously shapes the dynamics of different financial assets. Our methodology allows for disentangling the different components of asset returns ¿ those driven by fundamental and non-fundamental variables. We apply this methodology to Euro-area stocks and sovereign bonds over the 2003¿2014 period. Lower economic and political uncertainty in Europe triggers a trade-off towards stocks and away from bonds, while U.S. Quantitative Easing boosts European stocks.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
ISSN:
0167-4544
The aim of this paper is to explore the ethical dimension of hawala, an ancient informal financial practice rooted in Islamic moral traditions. Widely used in countries with an Islamic background and their diasporas, hawala is considered an important vehicle for the financial and economic development of some less developed countries. Nevertheless, in Western countries, hawala is regarded with suspicion due its controversial ethical nature. Unlike other Islamic financial institutions, the controversial questions are not the legitimacy of profit sources or the interest charged, but rather the lack of transparency that surrounds hawala transactions. Yet, the literature on hawala has neglected its ethical perspective. Our study delves into this dimension with a critical approach, using the Triple Font Theory, grounded on virtue ethics. We conclude that if hawala transactions are carried out with honesty, and fairness, this practice deserves a positive ethical appraisal. However, it is necessary to implement efficient regulatory measures to guarantee that the system is not abused by money launders and criminals. In practice, it becomes imperative to bring over a change in the regulatory approach to hawala toward a more ethically, culturally, and economically sensitive strategy. Thus, future research should focus on how ¿hyper-norms¿ or fundamental principles inherent to humanity, which are common to both ¿formal¿ and ¿informal,¿ ¿Western¿ and ¿non-Western¿ financial practices, could run the new AML/CTF regulation agenda
Revista:
BUSINESS AND POLITICS
ISSN:
1469-3569
Año:
2012
Vol.:
14
N°:
4
Págs.:
1 - 24
Codes of ethics contain a set of rules of conduct and corporate principles concerning the responsibility of a company to its stakeholders and shareholders. These codes help to guide corporate and employee behavior, and constitute verifiable elements of social responsibility. This study examines the Most Admired Companies of the World, ranked by Fortune magazine in 2009 to find out, first, whether their codes of ethics exhibit greater emphasis on social responsibility and strong implementation processes, and second, whether they could be considered codes of the third generation as elaborated by Stohl et al. in their article in the Journal of Business Ethics. Our results indicate that the codes of ethics of the 2009 Most Admired Companies of the World resemble 'codes of conduct' rather than strictly codes of ethics or 'codes of corporate social responsibility'. These codes continue to be governed by traditional norms related to immediate economic success, normative compliance, internal management and the pressing effects of their sector. This study thus provides empirical support for the idea that the philosophy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is scarcely present in the codes of the most reputable companie
Nacionales y Regionales
Título:
La Gobernanza de las prácticas ambientales, sociales y gobierno (ASG): El papel del propósito, la ética, el cumplimiento y la innovación (Govesg)
Código de expediente:
PID2021-124151NA-I00
Investigador principal:
Luiz Ricardo Kabbach De Castro, Dulce María Redín Goñi
Financiador:
AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION
Convocatoria:
2021 AEI Proyectos de Generación del Conocimiento
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2022
Fecha fin:
31/12/2024
Importe concedido:
80.041,50€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
PROBLEMAS JURÍDICOS QUE PLANTEA EL USO DE "BLOCKCHAIN"
Código de expediente:
10103352
Investigador principal:
Eduardo María Valpuesta Gastaminza
Financiador:
MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN
Convocatoria:
2018 AEI - MCIU - Retos Investigación
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2019
Fecha fin:
31/05/2022
Importe concedido:
16.940,00€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
Título:
Salida a la crisis: fricciones de credito, flexibilizacion cuantitativa y dinamica de la curva de tipos.
Código de expediente:
ECO2015-68815-P
Financiador:
MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN
Convocatoria:
2015 MINECO EXCELENCIA. PROYECTOS I+D
Fecha de inicio:
01/01/2016
Fecha fin:
30/06/2019
Importe concedido:
20.207,00€
Otros fondos:
Fondos FEDER
