Revistas
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1660-4601
Año:
2022
Vol.:
19
N°:
16
Págs.:
10223
Previous literature has established the importance of personal and contextual factors in college students' trajectories. Following the Self- vs. External-Regulation Behavior Theory (2021) and the 3P Biggs Model, the present study aimed at analyzing a structural linear model that validates the joint effect of self-regulation, educational context, age, and gender (as personal and contextual presage variables) with other meta-abilities, such as coping strategies, resilience, and positivity (process variables), and specific well-being outcomes, such as flourishing and health (product variables). A sample of 1310 Spanish college students was analyzed, aged 17 to 25, and a cross-sectional study with an ex post facto design was performed. Association and structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SPSS software (v.26) and AMOS (v.23). Results show that individual and contextual factors have an important role in the acquisition of psychological competencies in young adults. Self-regulation was proven to be an important meta-ability that predicts personal well-being and behavioral health outcomes. Complementarily, educational context was shown to be an external predictor of other skills, such as problem-focused strategies, and positive outcomes such as flourishing and behavioral health. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1660-4601
Año:
2022
Vol.:
19
N°:
1
Págs.:
358
The smartphone revolution has placed powerful, multipurpose devices in the hands of youth across the globe, prompting worries about the potential negative consequences of these technologies on mental health. Many assessment tools have been created, seeking to classify individuals into problematic and non-problematic smartphone users. These are identified using a cutoff value: a threshold, within the scale range, at which higher scores are expected to be associated with negative outcomes. Lacking a clinical assessment of individuals, the establishment of this threshold is challenging. We illustrate this difficulty by calculating cutoff values for the Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) in 13 Spanish-speaking samples in 11 countries, using common procedures (i.e., reliability, validity, ROC methodology). After showing that results can be very heterogeneous (i.e., they lead to diverse cutoff points and rates of addiction) depending on the decisions made by the researchers, we call for caution in the use of these classifications, particularly when researchers lack a clinical definition of true addiction-as is the case with most available scales in the field of behavioral addictions-which can cause an unnecessary public health alert.
Autores:
Paz, C.; Hermosa-Bosano, C.; Hidalgo-Andrade, P. (Autor de correspondencia); et al.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1661-8556
Año:
2022
Vol.:
67
Págs.:
1604418
Objective: Several studies have investigated the negative toll the pandemic has had on people's mental health. However, there is limited research on the pandemic's effect on positive mental health variables. This article reports on the levels of self-esteem and well-being (flourishing and happiness) in a sample of adults living in Ecuador and their relationships with the characteristics of their personal situation and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic had on their personal lives.Methods: A total of 766 adults completed an anonymous online survey between March and August 2020.Results: Participants reported average scores in the flourishing scale, the majority considered themselves to be happy or very happy people, and more than half presented high levels of self-esteem. Age, education, socioeconomic status, time spent using mobile phones and on hobbies, among others, explained self-esteem, happiness, and flourishing.Conclusion: The relationships between sociodemographic and situational variables of confinement during the pandemic are discussed, as well as the possible predictors of happiness, flourishing, and self-esteem.
Autores:
Hidalgo-Andrade, P.; Paz, C.; Hermosa-Bosano, C. (Autor de correspondencia); et al.
Revista:
ALOMA. REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA I CIÈNCIES DE L EDUCACIO
ISSN:
1138-3194
Año:
2022
Vol.:
40
N°:
2
Págs.:
9 - 20
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, countries like Ecuador adopted mandatory lockdown measures, teleworking and remote education. During these periods, people resorted to the use of their mobile phones as well as other technological devices to get information, socialize and work. This study sought to identify the effects that the use of these devices, especially cellphones, had on people's levels of anxiety, depression and stress. We re-cruited a sample of 766 participants who responded to an online survey conducted during the first phase of the pandemic. The results suggest that people spent approximately 9.75 hours a day connected to technological de-vices, including their cellphones. We also found that the participants' level of psychological distress increases as the overall time and time spent on social networks increases. In addition, the problematic use of mobile phones, meaning the use of the cellphone to distract oneself from something uncomfortable or to express or seek affection predicted increases in participants' level of distress. In contrast, making purchases online and perceiving higher levels of control over their mobile phone use was associated with a decrease in psychological distress. The implica-tions of these findings are discussed in the light of the current state of the pandemic, the discovery of new variants of the coronavirus, and the existence of mandatory quarantines for those diagnosed with the virus.
Autores:
Hidalgo-Andrade, P. (Autor de correspondencia); Paz, C.; Hermosa Bosano, C.; et al.
Revista:
ALOMA. REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA I CIÈNCIES DE L EDUCACIO
ISSN:
1138-3194
Año:
2022
Vol.:
40
N°:
2
Págs.:
9 - 20
Para prevenir el avance de la COVID-19, países como Ecuador adoptaron medidas de confinamiento obligatorio, el teletrabajo y la educación remota. Durante estos periodos, las personas recurrieron al uso de sus teléfonos móviles, al igual que a otros dispositivos, con el fin de informarse, socializar y trabajar. Este estudio buscó identificar los efectos del uso de estos dispositivos sobre los niveles de malestar psicológico. Se reclutó una muestra de 766 personas quienes respondieron una encuesta en línea durante la primera fase de confinamiento por COVID-19 en Ecuador. Los resultados sugieren que las personas estuvieron aproximadamente 9.75 horas al día conectadas a sus dispositivos tecnológicos, incluido el teléfono móvil. Igualmente, se encontró que el nivel de malestar de las personas aumenta conforme incrementa el uso problemático del teléfono móvil, el número total de minutos empleados por día conectados a dispositivos tecnológicos y el número de minutos empleados en redes sociales. Asimismo, el uso problemático del teléfono móvil, usarlo para distraerse de algo incómodo y para expresar o buscar afecto se asociaron con mayores niveles en cuanto al grado de malestar de los participantes. Por el contrario, el uso del teléfono móvil para hacer compras en línea y percibir mayores niveles de control del uso se asoció con una disminución del malestar. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos a la luz de las condiciones actuales de la pandemia, las nuevas variantes del coronavirus y las cuarentenas obligatorias para aquellas personas diagnosticadas con el virus.
Revista:
PLOS ONE
ISSN:
1932-6203
Año:
2021
Vol.:
16
N°:
7
Págs.:
e0254511
Spain was, together with Italy, the first European country severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. After one month of strict lockdown and eight weeks of partial restrictions, Spanish residents are expected to have revised some of their beliefs. We conducted a survey one year before the pandemic, at its outbreak and during de-escalation (N = 1706). Despite the lockdown, most respondents tolerated being controlled by authorities, and acknowledged the importance of group necessities over individual rights. However, de-escalation resulted in a belief change towards the intrusiveness of authorities and the preeminence of individual rights. Besides, transcendental beliefs-God answering prayers and the existence of an afterlife-declined after the outbreak, but were strengthened in the de-escalation. Results were strongly influenced by political ideology: the proportion of left-sided voters who saw authorities as intrusive greatly decreased, and transcendental beliefs prevailed among right-sided voters. Our results point to a polarization of beliefs based on political ideology as a consequence of the pandemic.
Autores:
Hidalgo-Andrade, P.; Paz, C. (Autor de correspondencia); Hermosa-Bosano, C.; et al.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1661-7827
Año:
2021
Vol.:
18
N°:
21
Págs.:
11104
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the effects of several psychological factors (self-esteem, self-control, and emotional stability) over lifestyle-related variables (time spent on leisure activities) and the levels of satisfaction (family, friends, work, and leisure satisfaction) experienced during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data for this article were retrieved as part of a cross-sectional international study conducted in eleven Spanish-speaking countries between March and September 2020. The analyses were conducted using the responses of 9500 persons (65.95% women, 34.05% men). Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the psychological variables on satisfaction variables mediated by the time engaged in leisure activities. Our model indicated that psychological factors significantly predicted the amount of time spent in leisure activities and satisfaction. Overall, results indicate that self-esteem is a relevant psychological factor to consider in the development of psychological interventions directed at promoting healthy lifestyles. Nevertheless, further research is needed to validate the direction of the associations found in this study.
Autores:
Hermosa-Bosano, C.; Paz, C. (Autor de correspondencia); Hidalgo-Andrade, P.; et al.
Revista:
REVISTA ECUATORIANA DE NEUROLOGIA
ISSN:
1019-8113
Año:
2021
Vol.:
30
N°:
2
Págs.:
40 - 47
Objetivo: Describir el estado de la salud mental de los adultos ecuatorianos durante la pandemia por COVID-19 de marzo a agosto
de 2020. Para este fin, se analizaron los datos de un estudio más amplio que involucró varios países hispanohablantes. La investigación
tuvo un diseño no experimental, cuantitativo, transversal de tipo descriptivo donde se aplicó una encuesta anónima en línea.
Resultados: En total participaron 766 personas, 64.23% fueron mujeres y la edad media fue de 32.35 (DT = 12.54). Alrededor del 8% de los participantes declararon haber tenido diagnóstico de COVID-19 y un 12.9% haber experimentado síntomas
relacionados. La mayor parte de los participantes (77.4%) indicaron no haber tenido problemas de salud mental en el pasado y
el 87.6% no tener estos problemas durante la pandemia. Sin embargo, el 41% reconoció tener mayor malestar psicológico. Los
participantes presentaron niveles bajos de síntomas (depresión, ansiedad y estrés). Las mujeres y los adultos jóvenes fueron los
grupos más afectados por los síntomas evaluados.
Conclusiones: En situaciones de confinamiento y pandemia es necesaria la atención de la salud mental de la población
general y, en especial, la de las mujeres y los adultos jóvenes.
Revista:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSN:
1660-4601
Año:
2021
Vol.:
18
N°:
2
Págs.:
522
Young adults face different stressors in their transition to college. Negative emotions such as stress can emerge from the demands they face. This study aimed at gaining an improved understanding of the role that gender and age play in the well-being of young adults. Coping strategies, resilience, self-regulation, and positivity were selected as indicators of well-being. Descriptive and inferential analysis have been conducted. Results show that well-being varies significantly with age and gender. Gender was predominantly involved in the acquisition of the well-being outcomes, highly predicting problem-focused coping strategies. No interaction effects were found between gender and age. An improved understanding of the developmental factors involved in well-being outcomes will enlighten future interventions aimed at improving young people¿s resources to face adversity.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES
ISSN:
1369-183X
Año:
2018
Vol.:
44
N°:
5
Págs.:
849 - 869
In this paper, we examine the association between contact with migrant populations and support for the populist radical right (PRR) in Switzerland. Building on group threat and intergroup contact theories, which offer opposing predictions, and drawing on Appadurai¿s thesis of the `fear of small numbers¿, we propose a new theoretical framework to explain this association. We predict that the relationship between the size of the migrant populations and PRR voting is nonlinear: a small but noticeable minority triggers the formation of anti-immigrant attitudes, which soften as the minority grows and people start having meaningful interactions with foreigners. To test these theories, we combine individual-level data with municipality-level information. Mixed-effects multilevel models confirm that individuals in municipalities with a moderate proportion of foreigners are more likely than those with fewer or a greater number of migrants to cast their vote in support of PRR parties; this is particularly so for certain stigmatised minorities. We further explore the effect of perceived immigrant threat in moderating these relationships.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES
ISSN:
0192-513X
Año:
2017
Vol.:
38
N°:
18
Págs.:
2567 - 2593
This article examines the extent to which recent increases in intergenerational coresidence and financial dependency among young Black and White women are associated with declines in marriage and increases in nonmarital parenthood. We use U.S. Census and American Community Survey data for the period 1970 to 2010 to examine how changing family patterns by race have contributed to changes in intergenerational support. We find that compositional shifts in marriage and, to a lesser extent, nonmarital childbearing contribute to rises in coresidence and financial dependency over time, as well as to the growing gap between White and Black women. Controlling for marital and parental status reduces the temporal increase in coresidence and greatly reduces the race difference. Race differences in financial dependency are reversed after controlling for marital and family status, showing that coresiding young Black women are less, not more, likely than similar White women to be financially dependent on their parents.
Revista:
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
ISSN:
0049-089X
Año:
2016
Vol.:
60
Págs.:
266 - 282
Prior research on parenthood effects has typically used single-sex models and estimated average effects. By contrast, we estimate population-level variability in partners' changes in housework hours, paid work hours, occupation traits, and wages after becoming parents, and we explore whether one partner's adjustment offsets or supplements the other's. We find tradeoffs between spouses on paid work adjustments to parenthood, but complementarity in adjustments to housework hours, occupation traits, and wages. The effect of parenthood on wives' behaviors is larger and more variable than on husbands' behaviors in every domain. The modest variation between husbands in work responses to parenthood explains little of the variation in the motherhood penalty, while variation in wives' own behaviors plays a larger role. We refer to this pattern as tethered autonomy: variation across American couples in work responses to parenthood is shaped primarily by variation in wives' adjustments, while husbands' work acts largely as a fixed point.
Revista:
DEMOGRAPHY
ISSN:
0070-3370
Año:
2015
Vol.:
52
N°:
6
Págs.:
1961 - 1993
Most literature on female employment focuses on the intersection between women¿s labor supply and family events such as marriage, divorce, or childbearing. Even when using longitudinal data and methods, most studies estimate average net effects over time and assume homogeneity among women. Less is known about diversity in women¿s cumulative work patterns over the long run. Using group-based trajectory analysis, I model the employment trajectories of early Baby Boom women in the United States from ages 20 to 54. I find that women in this cohort can be classified in four ideal-type groups: those who were consistently detached from the labor force (21 %), those who gradually increased their market attachment (27 %), those who worked intensely in young adulthood but dropped out of the workforce after midlife (13 %), and those who were steadily employed across midlife (40 %). I then explore a variety of traits associated with membership in each of these groups. I find that (1) the timing of family events (marriage, fertility) helps to distinguish between groups with weak or strong attachment to the labor force in early adulthood; (2) external constraints (workplace discrimination, husband¿s opposition to wife¿s work, ill health) explain membership in groups that experienced work trajectory reversals; and (3) individual preferences influence labor supply across women¿s life course. This analysis reveals a high degree of complexity in women¿s lifetime working patterns, highlighting the need to understand women¿s labor supply as a fluid process.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY
ISSN:
0022-2445
Año:
2014
Vol.:
76
N°:
1
Págs.:
56 - 72
The authors build on prior research on the motherhood wage penalty to examine whether the career penalties faced by mothers change over the life course. They broaden the focus beyond wages to also consider labor force participation and occupational status and use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women to model the changing impact of motherhood as women age from their 20s to their 50s (n¿=¿4,730). They found that motherhood is ¿costly¿ to women's careers, but the effects on all 3 labor force outcomes attenuate at older ages. Children reduce women's labor force participation, but this effect is strongest when women are younger and is eliminated by the 40s and 50s. Mothers also seem able to regain ground in terms of occupational status. The wage penalty for having children varies by parity, persisting across the life course only for women who have 3 or more children.
Revista:
DEMOGRAPHY
ISSN:
0070-3370
Año:
2013
Vol.:
50
N°:
4
Págs.:
1449 - 1475
Research on coresidence between parents and their adult children in the United States has challenged the myth that elders are the primary beneficiaries, instead showing that intergenerationally extended households generally benefit the younger generation more than their parents. Nevertheless, the economic fortunes of those at the older and younger ends of the adult life course have shifted in the second half of the twentieth century, with increasing financial well-being among older adults and greater financial strain among younger adults. This article uses U.S. census and American Community Survey (ACS) data to examine the extent to which changes in generational financial well-being over the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have been reflected in the likelihood of coresidence and financial dependency in parent-adult child U.S. households between 1960 and 2010. We find that younger adults have become more financially dependent on their parents and that while older adults have become more financially independent of their adult children, they nevertheless coreside with their needy adult children. We also find that the effect of economic considerations in decisions about coresidence became increasingly salient for younger adults, but decreasingly so for older adults.