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Population ageing is escalating rapidly now worldwide. This is an important time to determine if ageism or discrimination against older people is of concern, such as it being prevalent and/or increasing in prevalence. Over the years, many ageism measurement tools have been developed, with research findings from their use of prime consideration then for determining the prevalence of ageism and any prevalence trends. All print and open access English-language research articles published in 1953+ that used one or more ageism measurement tools in a study were sought using the Directory of Open Access Journals and EBSCO Discovery Service. A total of 25 ageism measurement tools were identified. However, only six had been used one or more times to measure the prevalence of ageism. The identified prevalence levels varied considerably, but most investigations using small convenience samples, with limited generalizability of findings. This paper highlights the need to continue developing ageism measurement tools to estimate ageism or use other measures, such as census and population representative polling, to assess the extent and impact of ageism. This foundational measurement is needed, as ageism could be prevalent and growing in effect.

Background: Registered nurses are increasingly expected to provide person-centred end-of-life care. However, there is a gap between patients¿ needs and the capacity of nurses to meet the existing recommendations on provision of this care. Identifying the relevant barriers and facilitators can inform the development of strategies to support person-centred nursing. Aim: To identify registered nurses¿ perceived barriers and facilitators in terms of providing person-centred end-of-life care. Method: A scoping review was conducted according to the 2005 guidelines proposed by Arksey and O`Malley. The databases Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase were searched using the period 2000 to 2018. Empirical studies, literature reviews and studies focusing on the experiences of generalist nurses providing end-of-life care were included. The selected articles were independently reviewed by two researchers. Results: A total of 2,126 publications were identified, with 26 retained after applying the eligibility criteria. Four barriers to providing person-centred care were identified: knowledge of end-of-life care; communication skills; coping strategies; and teamwork. Three main facilitators were identified: knowing the person in a holistic way; nurses¿ self-knowledge; and the development of a good nurse-person relationship. Organisational and managerial support also emerged to be important. These findings are reflected in the construct of McCormack and McCance¿s

Healthcare services are one of the twelve determinants of population health. While all types of healthcare services are important, timely access to hospital-based care when needed is critical. For three decades, long waits and wait lists for hospital admission and inpatient care have been a concern in Canada. Undersupply of hospital beds to meet population needs may be the cause of this as hospitals were downsized due to government funding cutbacks and hospital expansion has not occurred since despite population growth and aging. The availability of hospital beds for palliative population health needs may therefore be an issue, particularly as longstanding concern exists about terminally-ill and dying people being frequently admitted to hospital and having long hospital stays. A decline in hospital deaths in many developed countries, including Canada, could indicate that palliative population needs for hospital-based care are not being met. This paper compares the number of hospitals and hospital beds that exist in 9 Canadian provinces and 15 developed countries in relation to population and spatial considerations in an attempt to determine an optimal number of hospital beds for the general public and thus also palliative population health needs. Methods: Document analysis. Publicly-available hospital, population, and geographic information was sought for 9 Canadian provinces and 15 developed countries and compared. Results: Major differences in citizen to hospital bed ratios and citizen to hospital ratios across provinces and countries were found. The availability of hospitals and hospital beds clearly varies. Conclusion: Some regions may have too few hospitals and hospital beds to meet the palliative and other care needs of their citizens. Sufficient beds should exist so necessary admissions to hospital can occur without harmful delay.

Noelia García-Rueda; Begoña Errasti-Ibarrondo; María Arantzamendi Solabarrieta. La relación enfermera-paciente con enfermedad avanzada y terminal: revisión bibliográfica y análisis conceptual. Medicina Paliativa. objetivo: Explorar y comprender el significado de la relación enfermera-paciente con enfermedad avanzada y terminal y sus beneficios a través de la literatura disponible. Método Revisión de la evidencia mediante búsquedas sistematizadas en las bases de datos Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, UNIKA, PsycInfo y CINAHL, y mediante la técnica bola de nieve. La estrategia de búsqueda de palabras clave se dividió en 3 grandes bloques (relación enfermera-paciente, enfermería y persona cuidada con enfermedad avanzada y terminal). Tras la revisión bibliográfica se realizó un análisis conceptual de la bibliografía identificada para explorar el significado de los términos empleados, las diferencias y similitudes y las características que se le atribuyen a la relación enfermera-paciente en la literatura, así como sus beneficios y los requisitos previos para establecerla. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio 10 artículos y a través del análisis conceptual se exploró el significado de los términos empleados para aludir a la relación enfermera-paciente. Asimismo se identificaron las principales características que se le atribuyen a dicha relación: comunicación, confianza, comprensión y presencia, además de empatía y compasión.

Errasti-Ibarrondo, B; Pérez, M; Carrasco, J.M; Lama, M; Zaragoza, A; Arantzamendi, M. Essential elements of the relationship between the nurse and the person with advanced and terminal cancer: A meta-ethnography. Nursing Outlook DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2014.12.001 Indexada en: MEDLINE, CINAHL and the Journal Citation Reports published by Thomson Reuters. Área: Enfermería-SSCI Índice de Impacto (JCR Science 2014): 2.359 Posición de la revista en el área: 3/101 Cuartil: 1

Objetivos Identificar, analizar y sintetizar los principales efectos que pueden relacionarse con las visitas flexibles para los familiares del paciente crítico adulto. Método Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library y CUIDEN y un análisis temático del contenido de los artículos seleccionados. Resultados Se identificaron un total de 15 publicaciones que respondían al objetivo de la búsqueda. Tras la realización del análisis temático se identificaron 4 temas que incluyen los principales efectos derivados de las políticas de visita flexible para los familiares del paciente crítico: mejora de la satisfacción, reducción de la ansiedad y del estrés, la satisfacción de las propias necesidades familiares y el rol en el cuidado del paciente. Conclusión Las políticas de visita flexible, además de ser beneficiosas para los familiares del paciente crítico y el propio paciente, constituyen en sí mismas una necesidad. Se considera necesario favorecer la paulatina participación de la familia en el cuidado y la adquisición del un rol más notorio en el contexto de la visita y en su relación con el paciente.