This article analyzes Marian art in Spain from the tenth to nineteenth centuries in order to show how popular piety represented Mary's motherhood. Through art, including architecture, painting, sculpture, and oral preaching, a popular image of Mary emerged and, in turn, became key for understanding the history of the family in western Catholic countries. Studying the evolution of Marian iconography during this thousand-year period reveals a kind of grandeur, and then a certain crisis, surrounding Mary's motherhood. This crisis specifically involves the meaning of the body as an effective sign of the personal gift-of-self. We argue that this process ran parallel to growing problems in theological culture related to reconciling the natural and supernatural realms, and we further sustain that it contains a true cultural revolution, a shift that is at the origin of many later transformations. This interpretation helps better understand the dilemmas surrounding the history of the family in the West, and specifically of motherhood, from the point of view of the Christian tradition.

A diversity of opinions concerning what the School of Salamanca is flourish in contemporary academic literature, and interest in its study has notably increased. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the sixteenth to eighteenth-century authors that Jose Barrientos presents in his work Repertorio de moral economica (1536-1670): la Escuela de Salamanca y su proyeccion (EUNSA, 2011). A study of the information that Barrientos provides -including years of edition of the different works, the places of publication, variations in the cited authors, the religious orders to which their authors belong and the central themes discussed- aims to show the rise and decline of the School, and its importance for the West's economic and political history. It concludes that the School of Salamanca's efforts were the first attempt to configure specialized and systematic thought about economic and social problems starting from the medieval tradition and up to Renaissance humanism.

This article identifies structural breaks in the post-World War II joint dynamics of U.S. inflation, unemployment and the short-term interest rate. We use a structural break-date procedure which allows for long-memory behavior in all three series and perform the analysis for alternative data frequencies. Both long-memory and short-run coefficients are relevant for characterizing the changing patterns of U.S. macroeconomic dynamics. We provide an economic interpretation of those changes by examining the link between macroeconomic events and structural breaks.