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Adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet score and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus: A cross-sectional study

Autores: Alvarez Alvarez, Ismael; Martínez González, Miguel Ángel (Autor de correspondencia); Sánchez Tainta, Ana; Corella, D. ; Diaz-Lopez, A.; Fito, M.; Vioque, J.; Romaguera, D.; Martínez Hernández, Alfredo; Warnberg, J. ; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Estruch, R.; Bueno-Cavanillas, A. ; Aros, F. ; Tur, J. A.; Tinahones, F. J.; Serra-Majem, L. ; Martin, V.; Lapetra, J.; Fontao, S. M. ; Pinto, X. ; Vidal, J.; Daimiel, L. ; Gaforio, J. J.; Matia, P. ; Ros, E.; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Sorli, J. V.; Becerra-Tomas, N.; Castaner, O. ; Schroder, H.; Navarrete-Munoz, E. M.; Zulet Alzórriz, María de los Ángeles; Garcia-Rios, A.; Salas-Salvado, J.; Diez-Espino, J.; Toledo Atucha, Estefanía
Título de la revista: REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA
ISSN: 0300-8932
Volumen: 72
Número: 11
Páginas: 925 - 934
Fecha de publicación: 2019
Resumen:
Introduction and objectives: The cardiovascular benefits of the Mediterranean diet have usually been assessed under assumptions of ad libitum total energy intake (ie, no energy restriction). In the recently launched PREDIMED-Plus, we conducted exploratory analyses to study the baseline associations between adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Methods: Cross-sectional assessment of all PREDIMED-Plus participants (6874 older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) at baseline. The participants were assessed by their usual primary care physicians to ascertain the prevalence of 4 CVRF (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). A 17-point PREDIMED-Plus score was used to measure adherence to the MedDiet. Multivariable models were fitted to estimate differences in means and prevalence ratios for individual and clustered CVRF. Results: Better adherence to a MedDiet pattern was significantly associated with lower average triglyceride levels, body mass index, and waist circumference. Compared with low adherence (<= 7 points in the 17-point score), better adherence to the MedDiet (11-17 points) showed inverse associations with hypertension (prevalence ratio = 0.97; 95%CI, 0.94-1.00) and obesity (prevalence ratio = 0.96; 95%CI, 0.92-1.00), but positive associations with diabetes (prevalence ratio = 1.19; 95%CI, 1.07-1.32). Compared with the lowest third of adherence, women in the upper third showed a significantly lower prevalence of the clustering of 3 or more CVRF (prevalence ratio = 0.91; 95%CI, 0.83-0.98). Conclusions: Among participants at high cardiovascular risk, better adherence to a MedDiet showed significant inverse associations with CVRF among women, and improved lipid profiles and adiposity measures. (C) 2018 Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2018.08.010
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